Immersive Virtual Reality in K-12 and Higher Education: A systematic review of the last decade scientific literature

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Ready Teacher One: Virtual and Augmented Reality Online Professional Development for K-12 School Teachers

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Integrating educational theories with virtual reality: Enhancing engineering education and VR laboratories

Shah, S. F. A., Mazhar, T., Shahzad, T., Khan, M. A., Ghadi, Y. Y., & Hamam, H. (2024) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101207 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Theory-Based Learning Design with Immersive Virtual Reality in Science Education: A Systematic Review

Lui, A. L. C., Not, C., & Wong, G. K. W. (2023) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-023-10035-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Immersive technologies as an innovative tool to increase academic success and motivation in higher education

Sviridova, E. A., Yastrebova, E., Bakirova, G., & Rebrina, F. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1192760 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

A comprehensive survey on communication techniques for the realization of intelligent transportation systems in IoT based smart cities

Rajkumar, Y., & Kumar, S. V. N. S. (2024) · Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications · doi:10.1007/s12083-024-01627-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Virtual Reality Escape Rooms for STEM Education in Industry 4.0: Greek Teachers Perspectives

Mystakidis, S., Papantzikos, G., & Stylios, C. D. (2021) · South-East Europe Design Automation, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM) · doi:10.1109/seeda-cecnsm53056.2021.9566265 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Research on the impact of immersive virtual reality classroom on student experience and concentration

Liu, C., Meng, S., Zheng, W., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01153-w · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Exploring the frontiers in reality-enhanced service communication: from augmented and virtual reality to neuro-enhanced reality

Hilken, T., Chylinski, M., de Ruyter, K., Heller, J., & Keeling, D. (2022) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-11-2021-0439 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Applying Systems Thinking for Designing Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Experiences in Education

Lowell, V. L., & Yan, W. (2023) · TechTrends · doi:10.1007/s11528-023-00922-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Integrating Digital Technologies and Alternate Reality Games for Sustainable Education: Enhancing Cultural Heritage Awareness and Learning Engagement

Lin, H.-C. K., Lu, L.-W., & Lu, R.-S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16219451 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

A Novel Machine Learning–Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using HCI on IoT Assisted Cloud Platform

Adhikari, S., Gangopadhayay, T. K., Pal, S., Akila, D., Humayun, M., Alfayad, M., & Jhanjhi, N. Z. (2023) · Computer Systems Science and Engineering · doi:10.32604/csse.2023.034431 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Augmented Reality: Mapping Methods and Tools for Enhancing the Human Role in Healthcare HMI

Innocente, C., Ulrich, L., Moos, S., & Vezzetti, E. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12094295 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

A systematic review of social classroom climate in online and technology-enhanced learning environments in primary and secondary school

Goagoses, N., Suovuo, T. ‘., Winschiers‐Theophilus, H., Montero, C. S., Pope, N., Rötkönen, E., & Sutinen, E. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11705-9 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Metaverse in advanced manufacturing: Background, applications, limitations, open issues & future directions

Amaizu, G. C., Njoku, J. N., Lee, J., & Kim, D. (2024) · ICT Express · doi:10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.010 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality-Based Education Research Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation: Focus on Topic Modeling Technique

Kim, D.-S., & Im, T. (2022) · Mobile Information Systems · doi:10.1155/2022/1201852 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

A systematic review of virtual and augmented realities in higher education: Trends and issues

Sümer, M., & Vaněček, D. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2024.2382854 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

DAVE: Deep Learning-Based Asymmetric Virtual Environment for Immersive Experiential Metaverse Content

Cho, Y., Hong, S., Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11162604 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

An Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring in Virtual Reality: Integrating LLMs and Multimodal Interaction for Immersive Learning

Hajji, M. E., Baha, T. A., Berka, A., Nacer, H. A., Aouifi, H. E., & Es-Saady, Y. (2025) · Information · doi:10.3390/info16070556 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Effects of Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Science Education on Learning Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Xie, T., Li, Y., & Tang, Y. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3263587 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Comparing the effectiveness of video and stereoscopic 360° virtual reality‐supported instruction in high school biology courses

Christopoulos, A., Πέλλας, Ν., Qushem, U. B., & Laakso, M. (2023) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13306 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Virtual reality for the promotion of historical empathy: A mixed-methods analysis

Patterson, T. J., Han, I., & Esposito, L. S. (2022) · Theory & Research in Social Education · doi:10.1080/00933104.2022.2118091 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Preparing teachers for the future: Microteaching in the immersive VR environment

Lee, S., & Wu, J. G. (2024) · ReCALL · doi:10.1017/s0958344024000089 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

The Roles of Epistemic Curiosity and Situational Interest in Students’ Attitudinal Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality Environments

Cheng, K., Lee, S. W., & Hsu, Y.-T. (2022) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331221121284 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

The adoption of the metaverse concepts in Romania

Chinie, A. C., Oancea, M., & Todea, S. (2022) · Management & Marketing · doi:10.2478/mmcks-2022-0018 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Walking into a Modern Painting: The Impacts of Using Virtual Reality on Student Learning Performance and Experiences in Art Appreciation

Kuo, Y.-T., Bravo, E. G., Whittinghill, D., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Usability Heuristics for Metaverse

Omar, K., Fakhouri, H. N., Zraqou, J. S., & Gómez, J. M. (2024) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers13090222 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Virtual and augmented reality: New tools for visualizing, analyzing, and communicating complex morphology

Cieri, R. L., Turner, M. L., Carney, R. M., Falkingham, P. L., Kirk, A. M., Wang, T., Jensen, B. K., Novotny, J., Tveite, J., Gatesy, S. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21421 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Education in the metaverse: Developing virtual reality teaching materials for K–12 natural science

Wang, C.-H. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13156-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Metaverse Impact and Trends in Sustainable Integration of Immersive Technologies in Education

Buragohain, D., Meng, Y., & Chaudhary, S. (2025) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Enhancing higher education art students’ learning experience through virtual reality: a comprehensive literature review of product design courses

Wang, J., Mokmin, N. A. M., & Ji, S. (2024) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2315125 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Cultural Heritage as a Didactic Resource through Extended Reality: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Dordio, A., Lancho, E., Merchán, M. J., & Merchán, P. (2024) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti8070058 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Combining virtual reality with asymmetric collaborative learning: a case study in chemistry education

Lorenzis, F. D., Visconti, A., Restivo, S., Mazzini, F., Esposito, S., Garofalo, S. F., Marmo, L., Fino, D., & Lamberti, F. (2024) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-024-00331-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Metaverse academic library: would it be patronized?

Adetayo, A. J., Adekunmisi, S. R., Abata-Ebire, B. D., & Adekunmisi, A. A. (2023) · Digital Library Perspectives · doi:10.1108/dlp-04-2022-0036 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

An extended technology acceptance model on immersive virtual reality use with primary school students

Villena-Taranilla, R., Gutiérrez, R. C., González‐Calero, J. A., & Diago, P. D. (2023) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2023.2196281 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Meta-Review on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) in the Metaverse

HamlAbadi, K. G., Laamarti, F., & Saddik, A. E. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · doi:10.1145/3696109 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Virtual reality-based learning through the lens of eudaemonic factors: Reflective thinking as a game changer

Ye, Q., Zhou, R.-T., Anwar, M. A., Siddiquei, A., Hussain, S., & Asmi, F. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101103 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Improving student learning outcomes using narrative virtual reality as pre-training

Calvert, J., & Hume, M. (2023) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-023-00830-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Digital twin technology in AI-operated metaverse for food processing: A pathway to sustainability, efficiency and innovation

İnanlar, B., & Altay, F. (2025) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105491 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

An educational experience in ancient Rome to evaluate the impact of virtual reality on human learning processes

Boffi, P., Clerici, M., Gallace, A., & Lanzi, P. L. (2023) · Computers & Education X Reality · doi:10.1016/j.cexr.2023.100014 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Exploring the Potential of Immersive Virtual Reality in Italian Schools: A Practical Workshop with High School Teachers

Romano, M., Frolli, A., Aloisio, A., Russello, C., Rega, A., Cerciello, F., & Bisogni, F. (2023) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti7120111 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

The application of metaverse in occupational health

Tang, Y., Liang, H., & Zhan, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396878 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Combat Tanking in Education

Mystakidis, S. (2022) · International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations · doi:10.4018/ijgcms.291539 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Exploring Students’ Immersive VR Experiences as Resources for Collaborative Meaning Making and Learning

Silseth, K., Steier, R., & Arnseth, H. C. (2024) · International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning · doi:10.1007/s11412-023-09413-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Optimization of Physics Learning Through Immersive Virtual Reality: A Study on the Efficacy of Serious Games

Castillo, J. F. V., Santiago, L. B., & Martínez, S. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15063405 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The Need for Universal Design of eXtended Reality (XR) Technology in Primary and Secondary Education

Simon-Liedtke, J. T., & Baraas, R. C. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06015-1_9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Tactile IoT and 5G & beyond schemes as key enabling technologies for the future metaverse

Tychola, K. A., Voulgaridis, K., & Λάγκας, Θ. (2023) · Telecommunication Systems · doi:10.1007/s11235-023-01052-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Virtual selfhood and consumer behavior: Exploring avatar attachment and consumption patterns in Second Life's metaverse

Kalyvaki, M., McIntosh, H., & Nash, K. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality in Higher Education: a systematic review

Rodriguez, W. J. M., Andrade-Girón, D., Zúñiga-Rojas, M. G., Ramírez, E. T. S., Rivera, I. P. C., Sánchez, J., & Soto, F. G. C. (2023) · Data & Metadata · doi:10.56294/dm2023121 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Comparative Analysis between Virtual Visits and Pedagogical Outings to Heritage Sites: An Application in the Teaching of History

Serrano, M. C., Rodríguez, F., Merchán, M. J., Merchán, P., & Pérez, E. (2024) · Heritage · doi:10.3390/heritage7010018 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The metaverse, a new frontier for innovative business models

Cristache, N., Pricopoaia, O., Năstase, M., ȘIȘU, J.-A., TÎRNOVANU, A.-C., & Matiș, C. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123838 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Systematic review on the integration of immersive technologies to improve learning in primary education

Sandoval-Henríquez, F. J., Sáez-Delgado, F., & Quintana, M. G. B. (2024) · Journal of Computers in Education · doi:10.1007/s40692-024-00318-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Time matters in VR: Students benefit from longer VR class duration, but certain outcomes decline after 45 minutes, with large individual variance

Ratan, R. A., Lin, Q.-Y., Lim, C., Park, R., Lover, A., Han, E., Jang, D., Leith, A. P., & Bailenson, J. (2025) · Comput. Educ. · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105328 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Metaverse Dünyasının Eğitim Modeli Olarak Kullanımı ve Muhasebe Eğitimine Yansımaları

Altunal, I. (2022) · Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu dergisi · doi:10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1139375 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Motivation and Hurdles for the Student Adoption of Metaverse-based Classroom: A Qualitative Study

Al-kfairy, M., Alfandi, O., Alema, M., & Altaee, M. (2022) · International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA) · doi:10.1109/icca56443.2022.10039672 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Information Technology Students' Perceptions Toward Using Virtual Reality Technology for Educational Purposes

Alsalameen, R., Almazaydeh, L. H., Alqudah, B. I., & Elleithy, K. M. (2023) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i07.37211 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Transforming science education with virtual reality: an immersive representations model

Cooper, G., Thong, L. P., & Tang, K. (2024) · Educational Media International · doi:10.1080/09523987.2024.2389348 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Defining XR-Specific Teacher Competencies: Extending the DigCompEdu Framework for Immersive Education

Rutten, N., & Brouwer-Truijen, K. J. P. (2025) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu4010011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Teachers Facilitating Student Virtual Reality Content Creation: Conceptual, Curriculum, and Pedagogical Insights

Southgate, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18138-2_12 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Gamification in Education: Building an Escape Room using VR Technologies

Staneva, A., Ivanova, T., Rasheva-Yordanova, K., & Borissova, D. (2023) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.23919/mipro57284.2023.10159923 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Metaverse-based education: literature review and a proposed framework

Büyüközkan, G., & Mukul, E. (2024) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2324322 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Digital Tools in Informal Science Education Sites: A Systematic Literature Review

Ramsurrun, H., Elaheebocus, R., & Chiniah, A. (2024) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-024-10105-z · Cited by 23 · see citing works

A Scoping Review of Immersive Virtual Reality in STEM Education

Πέλλας, Ν., Dengel, A., & Christopoulos, A. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2020.3019405 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2019

Luo, H., Li, G., Feng, Q., Yang, Y., & Zuo, M. (2021) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12538 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Immersive virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A 10‐year systematic review of empirical research

Natale, A. F. D., Repetto, C., Riva, G., & Villani, D. (2020) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13030 · Cited by 700 · see citing works

A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda

Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778 · Cited by 3,585 · see citing works

Immersive virtual reality in higher education: a systematic review of the scientific literature

Stracke, C. M., Bothe, P., Adler, S., Heller, E. S., Deuchler, J., Pomino, J., & Wölfel, M. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01136-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works