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Cited by 33Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

Ecological Correlates of Depression and Self-Esteem in Rural Youth

Smokowski, Paul R., Evans, Caroline B. R., Cotter, Katie L., Guo, Shenyang·2014·Child Psychiatry & Human Development
DOI 10.1007/s10578-013-0420-8
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Abstract

The current study examines individual-, social-, and school-level characteristics influencing symptoms of depression and self-esteem among a large sample (N = 4,321) of U.S. youth living in two rural counties in the South. Survey data for this sample of middle-school students (Grade 6 to Grade 8) were part of the Rural Adaptation Project. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regression. Results show that being female, having a low income, and having negative relationships with parents and peers are risk factors that increase the probability of reporting high levels of depressive symptoms and low levels of self-esteem. In contrast, supportive relationships with parents and peers, high religious orientation, ethnic identity, and school satisfaction increased the probability of reporting low levels of depressive symptoms and high levels of self-esteem. There were few school-level characteristics associated with levels of depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Implications are discussed.

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Authors
Smokowski, P. R., Evans, C. B. R., Cotter, K. L., & Guo, S.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
  • Smokowski, Paul R.
  • Evans, Caroline B. R.
ORCID
Venue
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-11-16
Volume
45
Issue
5
Pages
500-518
ISSN
  • 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-3327
DOI
10.1007/s10578-013-0420-8
OpenAlex
W1989408399
Cited by
33
References
111
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
FWCI
2.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5u01ce001948-03)
  • National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords
depression, self-esteem, rural youth, junior high school students, depressive symptoms, parent-adolescent relationships, peer relationships, low income, gender differences, religious orientation, ethnic identity, school satisfaction, rural counties
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Peer Group, Poverty, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Social Support

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