The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intolerance of Uncertainty as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism of Psychological Difficulties: A Systematic Review of Evidence Pertaining to Causality and Temporal Precedence
Open accessAbstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is proposed to be a transdiagnostic causal mechanism of psychological difficulties. The systematic review sought to evaluate the status of evidence pertaining to IU’s proposed causal influence upon symptoms of psychological conditions. The review collated evidence from studies involving experimental manipulation and assessment of temporal precedence to ensure direct assessment of causality. The search strategy and eligibility screening identified 12 articles, detailing 15 eligible studies (experimental manipulations: n = 10; temporal precedence studies: n = 5). Available evidence comprised symptoms of anxiety- and mood-related conditions, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The greatest support for IU as a causal mechanism was evident for anxiety-related difficulties and, to a lesser extent, negative affect; limited support was found for OCD-related difficulties. However, notable inconsistency across study findings for all difficulty types precludes absolute conclusions. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“IU has been identified as a critical transdiagnostic risk factor and component of internalizing psychopathology across a range of mental disorders, such as generalized panic and social anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, and others [87-89].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty have been associated with anxiety-related disorders [16].”
From The Role of Pre-Pandemic Mental Health Status and Personality Traits on Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Lockdown among Italian Young Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1. The Cochrane Collaboration
Higgins, J., Green, S. R., & Higgins, J. (2008) · Cited by 5,544
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults
Spielberger, C. D. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t06496-000 · Cited by 3,479
Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008 · Cited by 2,799
Mediators and Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy Research
Kazdin, A. E. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432 · Cited by 2,504 · cited 3×
“Kazdin (2007) highlights the importance of additional forms and targets of assessment, such as: (1) experimental manipulation to demonstrate that change in a mechanism causes change in a symptom, and (2) demonstration of temporal precedence, such that mechanism change precedes symptom change.”
BackgroundInfluentialIndividual differences in need for cognitive closure.
Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049 · Cited by 2,494
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: measures of internal consistency.
Kim, S.-W., Dysken, M., Pheley, A., & Hoover, K. M. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90039-6 · Cited by 2,333
Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale
Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014 · Cited by 2,288
Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5 · Cited by 1,731
SALKOVSKIS, P. M., RIMES, K. A., WARWICK, H. M. C., & CLARK, D. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702005822 · Cited by 1,351
Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty
Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007 · Cited by 1,104
Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model
Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00070-3 · Cited by 1,072
Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
(1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00017-x · Cited by 963
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.07.010 · Cited by 880
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611419672 · Cited by 863
Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression
Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Thibodeau, M. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.011 · Cited by 775
Widiger, T. A., & Samuel, D. B. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.494 · Cited by 752
Carleton, R. N. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.82 · Cited by 665 · cited 2×
“…a symptom of difficulty, researchers have proposed IU to be a maintaining mechanism and suggested that the range of associated responses may illustrate IU’s transdiagnostic relevance to understanding and supporting a breadth of psychological difficulties (e.g., Carleton 2012, 2016; Einstein 2014).”
BackgroundReasoning in Deluded Schizophrenic and Paranoid Patients
Garety, P. A., HEMSLEY, D. R., & Wessely, S. C. (1991) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199104000-00003 · Cited by 602
Gentes, E. L., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.05.001 · Cited by 601
(2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00085-1 · Cited by 590
Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: a study of a theoretical model of worry
Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00133-3 · Cited by 524 · cited 1×
“…consideration to more preliminary research data, such as single-case designs, small scale pilot/clinical 1 3 studies evaluating temporal precedence of change (e.g., Dugas and Ladouceur 2000; Overton and Menzies 2005), and prospective studies with only two assessment points (e.g., Oglesby et al.”
Background(2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00099-2 · Cited by 500
Intolerance of uncertainty in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Brigidi, B. D., & Foa, E. B. (2003) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00182-2 · Cited by 494
Worry and its Psychological Disorders
Adrian Wells, A., & Davey, G. C. L. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713143 · Cited by 451
Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder
Salkovskis, P. M., Wroe, A. L., Gledhill, A., Morrison, N., Forrester, E., Richards, C., Reynolds, M., & Thorpe, S. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00071-6 · Cited by 450
Intolerance of uncertainty and social anxiety
Boelen, P. A., & Reijntjes, A. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.04.007 · Cited by 436
McEvoy, P. M., & Mahoney, A. E. J. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.010 · Cited by 412
Holaway, R. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Coles, M. E. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.002 · Cited by 399
Some characteristics of worrying: Evidence for worrying and anxiety as separate constructs
Davey, G. C. L., Hampton, J., Farrell, J., & Davidson, S. (1992) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90036-o · Cited by 352
Advances in understanding and treating persecutory delusions: a review
Freeman, D., & Garety, P. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0928-7 · Cited by 348
Treatment of Gad: Targeting Intolerance of Uncertainty in Two Types of Worry
Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445500245002 · Cited by 334
Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders.
Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. R. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20175 · Cited by 330
Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9125-2 · Cited by 301
Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: what uncertainties remain?
Shihata, S., McEvoy, P. M., Mullan, B. A., & Carleton, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.001 · Cited by 301
Hopko, D. R., Reas, D. L., Beck, J. G., Stanley, M. A., Wetherell, J. L., Novy, D. M., & Averill, P. M. (2003) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.173 · Cited by 271
A Transdiagnostic Examination of Intolerance of Uncertainty Across Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Mahoney, A. E. J., & McEvoy, P. M. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.622130 · Cited by 237
A catastrophizing assessment of worrisome thoughts
Vasey, M. W., & Borkovec, T. D. (1992) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01175138 · Cited by 225
Einstein, D. A. (2014) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12077 · Cited by 223 · cited 1×
“…a symptom of difficulty, researchers have proposed IU to be a maintaining mechanism and suggested that the range of associated responses may illustrate IU’s transdiagnostic relevance to understanding and supporting a breadth of psychological difficulties (e.g., Carleton 2012, 2016; Einstein 2014).”
BackgroundBehavioral Expressions of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Worry
Ladouceur, R., Talbot, F., & Dugas, M. J. (1997) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455970213006 · Cited by 219
Hong, R. Y., & Cheung, M. W.-L. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614553789 · Cited by 201
Attitude inferences from salient and relevant cognitive content about behavior.
Salancik, G. R., & Conway, M. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.829 · Cited by 196
Specificity of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and processes
Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Blais, F., Boisvert, J.-M., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80003-3 · Cited by 193
Rosen, N. O., & Knäuper, B. (2009) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410230902804125 · Cited by 177
Intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Brown, M., Robinson, L., Campione, G. C., Wuensch, K., Hildebrandt, T., & Micali, N. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2523 · Cited by 173
Stöber, J., & Bittencourt, J. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00031-x · Cited by 162
Bomyea, J., Ramsawh, H., Ball, T. M., Taylor, C. T., Paulus, M. P., Lang, A. J., & Stein, M. B. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.004 · Cited by 143
Mastery of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Therapist Guide
Kozak, M. J., Foa, E. B., & Clark, D. A. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.15.3.273 · Cited by 123
“But it might be a heart attack”: Intolerance of uncertainty and panic disorder symptoms
Carleton, R. N., Duranceau, S., Freeston, M. H., Boelen, P. A., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.006 · Cited by 118
Oglesby, M. E., Boffa, J. W., Short, N. A., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.01.005 · Cited by 109
Charlton, R. A., Klungsøyr, K., Neville, A. J., Jordan, S. E., Pierini, A., den Berg, L. T. W. D. J., Bos, H. J., Puccini, A., Engeland, A., Gini, R., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155737 · Cited by 106
Evaluation of intolerance of uncertainty: development and validation of a new self-report measure
Gosselin, P., Ladouceur, R., Evers, A., Laverdière, A., Routhier, S., & Tremblay-Picard, M. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.02.005 · Cited by 104
Wilhelm, S., Berman, N. C., Keshaviah, A., Schwartz, R. A., & Steketee, G. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.006 · Cited by 102
Gillett, C. B., Bilek, E. L., Hanna, G. L., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.007 · Cited by 99
Treatment for anxiety disorders: Efficacy to effectiveness to implementation
Craske, M. G., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C., & Bystritsky, A. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.012 · Cited by 98
Modular Cognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Wait-List Controlled Trial
Wilhelm, S., Steketee, G. S., Fama, J. M., Buhlmann, U., Teachman, B. A., & Golan, E. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.23.4.294 · Cited by 79
Shihata, S., McEvoy, P. M., & Mullan, B. A. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.12.001 · Cited by 74
Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Open Trial
Wilhelm, S., Steketee, G. S., Reilly-Harrington, N. A., Deckersbach, T., Buhlmann, U., & Baer, L. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.19.2.173.66792 · Cited by 73
Increasing intolerance of uncertainty over time: the potential influence of increasing connectivity
Carleton, R. N., Desgagné, G., Krakauer, R., & Hong, R. Y. (2019) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1476580 · Cited by 64
Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Provencher, M. D., Lachance, S., Ladouceur, R., & Gosselin, P. (2001) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · Cited by 62
The Impact of Written Exposure on Worry: A Preliminary Investigation
Goldman, N., Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., & Gervais, N. J. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506298651 · Cited by 57
A challenging task for assessment of checking behaviors in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Rotgé, J., Clair, A.-H., Jaafari, N., Hantouche, E. G., Pélissolo, A., Goillandeau, M., Pochon, J.-B., Guehl, D., Bioulac, B. H., Burbaud, P., et al. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01173.x · Cited by 55
Investigating the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on catastrophic worrying and mood
Meeten, F., Dash, S. R., Scarlet, A. L. S., & Davey, G. C. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.003 · Cited by 53
Appraisal and control of sexual and non-sexual intrusive thoughts in university students
Clark, D. A., Purdon, C. L., & Byers, E. S. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00047-9 · Cited by 52
Mediators in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Severe Health Anxiety
Hedman, E., Andersson, E., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., Lekander, M., Rück, C., & Ljótsson, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077752 · Cited by 43
Manipulation de l'intolérance a l'incertitude et inquiétudes.
Grenier, S., & Ladouceur, R. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0087216 · Cited by 41
Beliefs over control and meta-worry interact with the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on worry
Ruggiero, G. M., Stapinski, L. A., Caselli, G., Fiore, F., Gallucci, M., Sassaroli, S., & Rapee, R. M. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.016 · Cited by 40
Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Temporary Experimental Induction Procedure
Mosca, O., Lauriola, M., & Carleton, R. N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155130 · Cited by 37
Intolerance of uncertainty and distress associated with the experience of psychosis.
White, R. S., & Gumley, A. (2010) · Psychology and psychotherapy · doi:10.1348/147608309x477572 · Cited by 34
Su, Y., Carpenter, J. K., Zandberg, L. J., Simpson, H. B., & Foa, E. B. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.03.003 · Cited by 34
Inflated Responsibility and Perseverative Checking: The Effect of Negative Mood.
MacDonald, B. A., & Davey, G. C. L. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.176 · Cited by 32
Cognitive Change During Treatment of Compulsive Checking
Overton, S. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2005) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.2005.22.3.172 · Cited by 26
The Catastrophising Interview Procedure
Davey, G. C. L. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470713143.ch10 · Cited by 20
Deschenes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., Radomsky, A. S., & Buhr, K. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.008510 · Cited by 18
Faleer, H. E., Fergus, T. A., Bailey, B. E., & Wu, K. D. (2017) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.07.002 · Cited by 18
Interrelationships between negative mood and clinical constructs: a motivational systems approach
Britton, G. I., & Davey, G. C. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00393 · Cited by 9
Kelly, O. (2009) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ladouceur, R., Freeston, M. H., Dumont, J., Letarte, H., Rhéaume, J., Thibodeau, N., & Gagnon, F. (1992). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of a French translation. Poster presented at the annual convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, Québec, Canada.
- Review Manager (RevMan). (2014). Version 5.3. [Computer program]. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258 · Cited by 1,264
“Higher intolerance of uncertainty is associated with various anxiety-related disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (Boswell et al., 2013; Rosser, 2019).”
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., García-Escalera, J., & Chorot, P. (2020) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.27569 · Cited by 291
McEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Shihata, S., Price, J. E., & Strachan, L. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101778 · Cited by 271
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842 · Cited by 274
Taylor, S. (2022) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-020131 · Cited by 164
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosser, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rosser, Benjamin A.
- ORCID
- Rosser, Benjamin A.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2018-09-22
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 438-463
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- OpenAlex
- W2892588052
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, transdiagnostic mechanisms, temporal precedence, experimental manipulation, anxiety, mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, negative affect
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review