Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: what uncertainties remain?
Open accessAbstract
The current paper presents a future research agenda for intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which is a transdiagnostic risk and maintaining factor for emotional disorders. In light of the accumulating interest and promising research on IU, it is timely to emphasize the theoretical and therapeutic significance of IU, as well as to highlight what remains unknown about IU across areas such as development, assessment, behavior, threat and risk, and relationships to cognitive vulnerability factors and emotional disorders. The present paper was designed to provide a synthesis of what is known and unknown about IU, and, in doing so, proposes broad and novel directions for future research to address the remaining uncertainties in the literature.
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Current extensive evidence suggests positive correlations between IU and anxiety-related constructs such as worry, anxiety sensitivity, obsessions and compulsions, and fear of negative evaluation.
“Current extensive evidence suggests positive correlations between IU and anxiety-related constructs such as worry, 7 anxiety sensitivity, 17 obsessions and compulsions, 12 and fear of negative evaluation. 19”
From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The citation follows “fear of negative evaluation,” so that is the part attributed to this source. Section 5.2 (page unavailable) identifies fear of negative evaluation as a social-anxiety concern in a discussion of IU, and section 2.1 reports that disorder-specific IU predicts social-anxiety symptoms. Neither passage reports a positive correlation specifically between IU and fear of negative evaluation. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople with high levels of IU usually report similar levels of worry and other anxiety-related constructs.
“These findings are consistent with theoretical assumptions in the literature, demonstrating that people with high levels of IU usually report similar levels of worry and other anxiety-related constructs. 7”
From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Section 3.1 reports a reciprocal relationship between IU and worry, and section 6.2 links IU with anxiety-related symptoms and constructs. Neither passage establishes that people with high IU usually report similar levels of worry and other anxiety-related constructs; that comparison is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe current study provides evidence of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and measures of anxiety symptoms in South America that is comparable with previous results acquired with Canadian and Australian samples.
“Therefore, the current study provides evidence of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and measures of anxiety symptoms in South America that is comparable with previous results acquired with Canadian and Australian samples. 7,21”
From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Section 2.1 (‘What is known’; page not supplied) reports associations between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety-related symptoms, supporting the comparison at a general level. It does not identify Canadian and Australian samples or establish that their results are comparable with the citing study’s South American findings; those geographic specifics are unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive behavioral therapy that specifically targets intolerance of uncertainty, such as by addressing negative beliefs about uncertainty and seeking out experiences with uncertainty, has shown promise for reducing anxiety.
“Cognitive behavioral therapy that specifically targets intolerance of uncertainty, such as by addressing negative beliefs about uncertainty and seeking out experiences with uncertainty, has also shown promise for reducing anxiety (5).”
From When Uncertainty Is a Certainty: Optimizing Exposure-Based Therapies (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Intolerance of uncertainty is thought to be shaped through early environments and learning histories.
“Intolerance of uncertainty is thought to be shaped through early environments and learning histories (5).”
From When Uncertainty Is a Certainty: Optimizing Exposure-Based Therapies (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a common trait shared across the ID spectrum.
“Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a common trait shared across the ID spectrum [271–274].”
The IUS-12 is composed of two subscales: Prospective IU, relating to a desire for predictability, and Inhibitory IU, relating to paralysis caused by uncertainty.
“The IUS-12 is composed of two subscales: Prospective IU, which relates to a desire for predictability, and Inhibitory IU, which relates to paralysis caused by uncertainty. 7”
From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
There is a growing body of evidence that IU contributes to the symptoms of various anxiety-related disorders and can be considered a transdiagnostic construct.
“There is a growing body of evidence that IU contributes to the symptoms of various anxiety-related disorders and can be considered a transdiagnostic construct. 7,21”
From Psychometric properties of the brazilian intolerance of uncertainty scale – short version (Ius-12) (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
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“While intolerance of uncertainty has been conceptualized as distinct from other related constructs, such as trait anxiety and neuroticism (5), the extent to which intolerance of uncertainty uniquely relates to extinction is unclear.”
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- Authors
- Shihata, S., McEvoy, P. M., Mullan, B. A., & Carleton, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Curtin University (AU)
- University of Regina (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McEvoy, Peter M.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Pages
- 115-124
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2403069636
- Semantic Scholar
- 625ce10015b6e11e4fd97eabb34931515a188014
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 27.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, emotional disorders, anxiety, transdiagnostic risk factors, maintaining factors, cognitive vulnerability, uncertainty analysis, developmental factors, threat appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Research, Risk Factors, Mood Disorders, Uncertainty
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