Cited by 659Selenium in Biological SystemsOrganoselenium and organotellurium chemistryAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Selenium and Selenoproteins: It’s Role in Regulation of Inflammation

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Hariharan, Sneha, Dharmaraj, Selvakumar·2020·Inflammopharmacology

Abstract

Selenium is an essential immunonutrient which holds the human's metabolic activity with its chemical bonds. The organic forms of selenium naturally present in human body are selenocysteine and selenoproteins. These forms have a unique way of synthesis and translational coding. Selenoproteins act as antioxidant warriors for thyroid regulation, male-fertility enhancement, and anti-inflammatory actions. They also participate indirectly in the mechanism of wound healing as oxidative stress reducers. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is the major selenoprotein present in the human body, which assists in the control of excessive production of free radical at the site of inflammation. Other than GPX, other selenoproteins include selenoprotein-S that regulates the inflammatory cytokines and selenoprotein-P that serves as an inducer of homeostasis. Previously, reports were mainly focused on the cellular and molecular mechanism of wound healing with reference to various animal models and cell lines. In this review, the role of selenium and its possible routes in translational decoding of selenocysteine, synthesis of selenoproteins, systemic action of selenoproteins and their indirect assimilation in the process of wound healing are explained in detail. Some of the selenium containing compounds which can acts as cancer preventive and therapeutics are also discussed. These compounds directly or indirectly exhibit antioxidant properties which can sustain the intracellular redox status and these activities protect the healthy cells from reactive oxygen species induced oxidative damage. Although the review covers the importance of selenium/selenoproteins in wound healing process, still some unresolved mystery persists which may be resolved in near future.

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  • Thioredoxin reductases contribute to regulation of gene expression of transcription factors implicated in inflammatory and cell cycle pathways, and in recycling of antioxidant molecules.

    “A second crucial family of proteins containing SeCys and involved in redox biology is thioredoxin reductases (TRs), which contribute to the regulation of gene expression of multiple transcription factors implicated in inflammatory and cell cycle pathways (e.g., NF-kB and p53) [442], as well as in the recycling of antioxidant molecules [441].”
  • In GPX enzymes, selenocysteine residues catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide radicals using glutathione, lowering free radicals and DNA damage.

    “In the antioxidant enzymes GPXs, SeCys residues catalyse the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide radicals using glutathione as a substrate, thus lowering free radicals and consequent DNA damage [440,441].”
  • SeP is responsible for the distribution of selenium to other organs and tissues.

    “SeP is responsible for the distribution of selenium to other organs and tissues [262].”

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  1. Fairweather-Tait SJ Collings R Hurst R Selenium bioavailability: current knowledge and future research requirements Am J Clin Nutr 2010 91 1484 1491 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674J 20200264 · DOI

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Authors
Hariharan, S., & Dharmaraj, S.
Affiliations
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (IN)
Corresponding author
Dharmaraj, Selvakumar
Venue
Inflammopharmacology
Published
2020-03-06
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
667-695
ISSN
  • 0925-4692 (ISSN-L)
  • 1568-5608
OpenAlex
W3010311908
Cited by
659
References
251
Citations by year
2026: 82 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 12
FWCI
9.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Inflammopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
  • Russian Science Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords
selenium, selenoproteins, selenocysteine, selenoprotein translation, glutathione peroxidase, selenoprotein S, selenoprotein P, inflammation, wound healing, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, immunonutrition, cancer prevention, thyroid regulation, male fertility
MeSH terms
Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Inflammation, Oxidation-Reduction, Selenium, Reactive Oxygen Species, Selenoproteins

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