Potential Benefits of Selenium Supplementation in Reducing Insulin Resistance in Patients with Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Background: Selenium is a trace element that has been reported to be effective in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. However, there is conflicting evidence from different clinical trials of selenium supplementation in treating cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to identify the effects of selenium supplementation on insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles in patients with CMDs. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of selenium supplementation for treating CMDs were screened in five electronic databases. Insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) were defined as the primary outcome markers, and lipid profiles were considered the secondary outcome markers. Results: Ten studies involving 526 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that selenium supplementation significantly reduced serum insulin levels (standardized men difference [SMD]: −0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.84, −0.21], p = 0.001, I2 = 68%) and HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.50, 95% CI [−0.86, −0.14], p = 0.006, I2 = 75%) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (SMD: 0.97; 95% CI [0.26, 1.68], p = 0.007, I2 = 92%), but had no significant effect on FPG, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). Conclusion: Current evidence supports the beneficial effects of selenium supplementation on reducing insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and increasing HDL-C levels. Selenium supplementation may be an effective strategy for reducing insulin resistance in patients with CMDs. However, more high-quality clinical studies are needed to improve the certainty of our estimates.
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A systematic review of five RCTs found that supplementation with 200 μg of selenium daily for 8 to 12 weeks reduced insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with PCOS.
“A systematic review of five RCTs found that supplementation with 200 µg of selenium daily for 8 to 12 weeks reduced insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress [149].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [149]
The Discussion reports reduced insulin resistance with selenium supplementation, but Results §§3.1–3.2 say the review included 10 RCTs in patients with cardiometabolic diseases, not five RCTs in women with PCOS; treatment periods ranged from 4 to 24 weeks. Methods §2.2 lists metabolic and lipid outcomes, not inflammation or oxidative stress, and the cited passages do not establish a uniform 200 µg daily dose. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe effects of selenium supplementation on BMI, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, hormonal levels, and PCOS-related symptoms such as acne and hirsutism were inconsistent.
“However, the effects on BMI, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, hormonal levels, and PCOS-related symptoms such as acne and hirsutism were inconsistent.”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [149]
The Discussion (section 4; page not provided) says the effects on fasting plasma glucose and several lipid measures were unclear, supporting that part of the claim. It reports reduced insulin levels and a possible increase in HDL-C rather than describing all hormonal and lipid effects as inconsistent. The passages do not address BMI, acne, hirsutism, or other PCOS-related symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Ouyang, J., Cai, Y., Song, Y., Gao, Z., Bai, R., & Wang, A.
- Affiliations
- Xiyuan Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Bai, Ruina
- Wang, Anlu
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-11-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 4933
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9693215
- OpenAlex
- W4309717819
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82174216, 82004194, ZZ13-YQ-005, ZZ13-YQ-005-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014, CMC2022009)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes (82174216, 82004194, ZZ13-YQ-005, ZZ13-YQ-005-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014, CMC2022009)
- Scientific Fund of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology (82174216, 82004194, ZZ13-YQ-005, ZZ13-YQ-005-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014-C1, ZZ13-YQ-014, CMC2022009)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- selenium supplementation, insulin resistance, cardiometabolic disease, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, HDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Selenium, Cholesterol, VLDL, Dietary Supplements, Insulins
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