The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relationship Between Measurement Site and Motion Artifacts in Wearable Reflected Photoplethysmography
Abstract
Pulse rates obtained from wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are important for monitoring cardiovascular condition, especially during exercise. However, it is difficult to precisely count pulse rates during exercise because PPG is sensitive to body movement. The artifacts from body movement are caused by a change in the blood volume at the measurement site, in addition to pulsatile changes. Here, we investigated the influence of motion artifact with respect to light source and anatomical sites. In this study, we compared the signal from green-light PPG to that from infrared PPG at different anatomical sites. In these experiments, 11 subjects were asked to either assume a resting position or generate spontaneous motion artifact by jumping and swinging their arm. As a result, pulse rates obtained from green-light PPG showed a higher correlation with the ECG R-R interval as compared to those obtained with infrared. Additionally, the signal from the upper arm showed less artifact than did the peripheral one. Therefore, the green-light PPG may be useful for pulse rate monitoring.
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In the citing paper
“We therefore interpret intensity-linked improvements as modest rather than decisive, but they do suggest that PPG systems may perform comparatively better when stroke volume and pulsatility increase [2,29].”
From PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III–V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“and has displayed more accurate measurement of heart rate in conjunction with an accelerometer compared to an infrared heart rate system when compensating for movement artifacts (Maeda, Sekine, Tamura, 2011b).”
From Examining the Role of Implicit Emotional Judgments in Social Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance (2017) · cites this paper as Maeda, Sekine, Tamura, 2011b
In the citing paper
“Motion artifacts are a primary cause of bad signal quality, and research has suggested various methods for mitigating these26,39,40.”
From Data quality evaluation in wearable monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, these artifact characteristics cannot be straightforwardly transferred to simulating the wrist PPG since distinct body locations have different tissue optical properties for different wavelengths and are prone to specific interference [54].”
From Modeling of artifacts in the wrist photoplethysmogram: Application to the detection of life-threatening arrhythmias (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“These alternative sites can have advantages over the wrist, such as being less prone to motion artifact [63] or vasoconstriction [62], and providing more accurate HR measurements [64].”
From Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“During sedentary moments, respiration rate, thermoregulation, and sympathetic nervous system activity cause the DC baseline to wander [162].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“The green sensor also had a lower artifact ratio for all locations compared to the IR sensor.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“With their longer wavelengths, red and IR have deeper penetration depths compared to blue and green, making them prone to more motion artifacts such as the factors that directly affect the DC baseline [162,164].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“The highest correlation coefficient between the PPG signal and a chest ECG was that of the green sensor on the upper arm.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“They found the upper arm had the lowest artifact ratio, which is the ratio of the magnitude of the PPG signal after a motion and the magnitude of the PPG signal before the motion.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
Citations
Cites
Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement
Allen, J. (2007) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/r01 · Cited by 3,967
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF VARIOUS SKIN AREAS AS ESTIMATED BY THE PHOTOELECTRIC PLETHYSMOGRAPH
Hertzman, A. B. (1938) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1938.124.2.328 · Cited by 460
Motion Artifact Reduction in Photoplethysmography Using Independent Component Analysis
Kim, B., & Yoo, S. K. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.869784 · Cited by 400
Skin photoplethysmography — a review
Kamal, A. A. R., Harness, J. B., Irving, G., & Mearns, A. J. (1989) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/0169-2607(89)90159-4 · Cited by 328 · cited 1×
“01 to 15 Hz [10, 11].”
Basal perfusion of the cutaneous microcirculation: Measurements as a function of anatomic position
Tur, E., Tur, M., Maibach, H. I., & Guy, R. H. (1983) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12522619 · Cited by 163
Reduction of motion artifact in pulse oximetry by smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution
Yan, Y. S., Poon, C. C. Y., & Zhang, Y. (2005) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-2-3 · Cited by 157
Regional Differences in the Basal and Maximal Rates of Blood Flow in the Skin
Hertzman, A. B., & Randall, W. C. (1948) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1948.1.3.234 · Cited by 92
Variability of photoplethysmographyperipheral pulse measurementsat the ears, thumbs and toes
Allen, J., & Murray, A. (2000) · IEE Proceedings - Science Measurement and Technology · doi:10.1049/ip-smt:20000846 · Cited by 76
Artifact reduction in photoplethysmography
Hayes, M., & Smith, P. R. (1998) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.37.007437 · Cited by 71
Kalman Filter Based Adaptive Reduction Of Motion Artifact From Photoplethysmographic Signal
Seyedtabaii, S., & Seyedtabaii, L. (2008) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1333655 · Cited by 59
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–202 of 202
Joshi, D. D., Saraboji, K., Shaik, A. T., Sakalabaktula, K. S. K., Purohit, S., Godugu, S., Nirmal, J., Kayarkar, R., Correa, B. H. M., Gangidi, N., et al. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16091530
Wolling, F., Filipp, A., & Michahelles, F. (2026) · ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC) · doi:10.1145/3830727.3834825
Metadata
- Authors
- Maeda, Y., Sekine, M., & Tamura, T.
- Affiliations
- Chiba University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Maeda, Yuka
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Systems
- Published
- 2010-05-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 969-976
- ISSN
- 0148-5598 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-689X
- OpenAlex
- W1974364930
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, motion artifacts, wearable sensors, pulse rate monitoring, upper arm, exercise monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Heart Rate, Humans, Infrared Rays, Light, Male, Movement, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Photoplethysmography, Upper Extremity, Young Adult
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