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Cited by 36Pituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Pituitary dysfunction due to sports-related traumatic brain injury

Hacioglu, Aysa, Kelestimur, Fahrettin, Tanriverdi, Fatih·2019·Pituitary
DOI 10.1007/s11102-019-00937-z
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Abstract

Purpose After traumatic brain injury was accepted as an important etiologic factor of pituitary dysfunction (PD), awareness of risk of developing PD following sports-related traumatic brain injury (SR-TBI) has also increased. However there are not many studies investigating PD following SR-TBIs yet. We aimed to summarize the data reported so far and to discuss screening algorithms and treatment strategies.Methods Recent data on pituitary dysfunction after SR-TBIs is reviewed on basis of diagnosis, clinical perspectives, therapy, screening and possible prevention strategies.Results Pituitary dysfunction is reported to occur in a range of 15-46.6% following SR-TBIs depending on the study design. Growth hormone is the most commonly reported pituitary hormone deficiency in athletes. Pituitary hormone deficiencies may occur during acute phase after head trauma, may improve with time or new deficiencies may develop during follow-up. Central adrenal insufficiency is the only and most critical impairment that requires urgent detection and replacement during acute phase. Decision on replacement of growth hormone and gonadal deficiencies should be individualized. Moreover these two hormones are abused by many athletes and a therapeutic use exemption from the league's drug policy may be required.Conclusions Even mild and forgotten SR-TBIs may cause PD that may have distressing consequences in some cases if remain undiagnosed. More studies are needed to elucidate epidemiology and pathophysiology of PD after SR-TBIs. Also studies to establish screening algorithms for PD as well as strategies for prevention of SR-TBIs are urgently required.

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  • Growth hormone deficiency is the most frequent hormonal finding after sports-related concussion.

    “Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the most frequent hormonal finding [33].”

    From Neuroendocrine Disruptions Following Head Injury (2023) · cites this paper as [33]

  • Increased findings of pituitary deficiencies have been described following sports-related concussion, with rates ranging from 15-46% based on study design.

    “Increased findings of pituitary deficiencies have been described following sports-related concussion, with rates ranging from 15-46% based on study design [33].”

    From Neuroendocrine Disruptions Following Head Injury (2023) · cites this paper as [33]

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Authors
Hacioglu, A., Kelestimur, F., & Tanriverdi, F.
ORCID
Hacioglu, Aysa
Venue
Pituitary
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-01-14
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
322-331
ISSN
  • 1386-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7403
DOI
10.1007/s11102-019-00937-z
OpenAlex
W2908820740
Semantic Scholar
405cc487c0edadcf618e0f5cfcd737fdc683eec9
Cited by
36
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Pituitary (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
pituitary dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency, hormone replacement therapy, screening algorithm, athletes, drug policy, mild traumatic brain injury
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Athletic Injuries, Humans, Hypogonadism, Pituitary Gland, Human Growth Hormone

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