Epistemic injustice and data science technologies
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Algorithmic systems can lead to testimonial injustice because of the claim to authority of their outcomes.
“On the testimonial side of the matter, Symons & Alvarado [46] explain that algorithmic systems can lead to testimonial injustice because of the claim to authority of their outcomes.”
From A taxonomy of epistemic injustice in the context of AI and the case for generative hermeneutical erasure (2025) · cites this paper as Symons & Alvarado [46]
Cites
The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory
Vapnik, V. (2000) · Statistics for Engineering and Information Science · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3264-1 · Cited by 46,387 · see citing works
Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Fricker, M. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001 · Cited by 9,198 · see citing works
A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning
Mehrabi, N., Morstatter, F., Saxena, N., Lerman, K., & Galstyan, A. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3457607 · Cited by 5,812 · see citing works
boyd, D., & Crawford, K. (2012) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2012.678878 · Cited by 5,479 · see citing works
(2018) · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate
Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951716679679 · Cited by 3,432 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, they argue that software artefacts used in data analysis bring with them the kinds of harms caused by what algorithmic activity , which “is hard to debug (i.e. to detect the harm and find its cause)” (Mittelstadt et al., 2016, p. 5).”
MethodHow the machine “thinks”: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms
Burrell, J. (2016) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951715622512 · Cited by 3,196 · cited 7× · see citing works
“However, the ways by which such systems produce their results may be inaccessible not only to those of us who are affected by it but, sometimes, even to employees of the companies that produce them (O’Neil, 2017; Burrell, 2016; Alvarado & Humphreys, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialWeapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy
Doyle, T. (2017) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2017.1354593 · Cited by 3,110 · see citing works
Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism
Noble, S. U. (2020) · doi:10.2307/j.ctt1pwt9w5 · Cited by 2,709 · see citing works
Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?
Harding, S. (2016) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.7591/9781501712951 · Cited by 2,443 · see citing works
(2016) · Cited by 2,334 · see citing works
Fair prediction with disparate impact: a study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments
Chouldechova, A. (2017) · Big Data · doi:10.1089/big.2016.0047 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works
Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing
Dotson, K. (2011) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01177.x · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
Review of “Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code”
Jipguep-Akhtar, M. C. (2019) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soz162 · Cited by 1,482 · see citing works
The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice
(2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315212043 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning
Houser, J. A., Desrosières, A., & Naish, C. (1999) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2654208 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects
Simondon, G. (2011) · Deleuze Studies · doi:10.3366/dls.2011.0029 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions
Anderson, E. (2012) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691728.2011.652211 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism: Measuring Ambivalent Sexist Attitudes Toward Women
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1997) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.x · Cited by 905 · see citing works
The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures and Their Consequences
(2015) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-01-2015-0011 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
(2014) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Latour, B., & Venn, C. (2002) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/026327602761899246 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Evolving Concepts of Epistemic Injustice
Fricker, M. (2017) · The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice · doi:10.4324/9781315212043-5 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Durán, J. M., & Jongsma, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106820 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Amoore, L. (2011) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276411417430 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
The philosophical novelty of computer simulation methods
Humphreys, P. (2009) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-008-9435-2 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
50 Years of Test (Un)fairness: Lessons for Machine Learning
Hutchinson, B., & Mitchell, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3287560.3287600 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Lessons from archives: strategies for collecting sociocultural data in machine learning
Jo, E. S., & Gebru, T. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3351095.3372829 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
A Framework for Understanding Unintended Consequences of Machine Learning
Suresh, H., & Guttag, J. V. (2019) · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice 1
Medina, J. (2017) · The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice · doi:10.4324/9781315212043-4 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Koopman, C. (2018) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226626611.001.0001 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Don’t ask if artificial intelligence is good or fair, ask how it shifts power
Kalluri, P. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02003-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
How Do Fairness Definitions Fare?
Saxena, N. A., Huang, K., DeFilippis, E., Radanović, G., Parkes, D. C., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society · doi:10.1145/3306618.3314248 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The politics of large numbers. A history of statistical reasoning
Hunter, P. W. (2006) · The Mathematical Intelligencer · doi:10.1007/bf02987012 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Data Science as Political Action: Grounding Data Science in a Politics of Justice
Green, B. (2020) · Journal of Social Computing · doi:10.23919/jsc.2021.0029 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Two Concepts of Epistemic Injustice
Coady, D. P. (2010) · Episteme · doi:10.3366/epi.2010.0001 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Amoore, L. (2014) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010614539719 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Cloud Ethics: Algorithms and the Attributes of Ourselves and Others
Amoore, L. (2020) · doi:10.1215/9781478009276 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Grounds for Trust: Essential Epistemic Opacity and Computational Reliabilism
Durán, J. M., & Formanek, N. (2018) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-018-9481-6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Intersectionality and Epistemic Injustice
Collins, P. H. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315212043-11 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Epistemic Injustice as Distributive Injustice 1
Coady, D. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315212043-6 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Leonelli, S. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2016.0122 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Optimized Scoring Systems: Toward Trust in Machine Learning for Healthcare and Criminal Justice
Rudin, C. D., & Ustun, B. (2018) · INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics · doi:10.1287/inte.2018.0957 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Ethics of Information Technology and Business
George, R. T. D. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470774144 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Igual, L., & Seguí, S. (2017) · Undergraduate topics in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50017-1 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Nobel laureate challenges psychologists to clean up their act
Yong, E. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11535 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The ICO and artificial intelligence: The role of fairness in the GDPR framework
Butterworth, M. L. (2018) · Computer Law and Security Review · doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2018.01.004 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Understanding Epistemic Trust Injustices and Their Harms
Grasswick, H. (2018) · Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement · doi:10.1017/s1358246118000553 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Keyes, O., Hutson, J. A., & Durbin, M. (2019) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3290607.3310433 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Can we trust Big Data? Applying philosophy of science to software
Symons, J., & Alvarado, R. (2016) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951716664747 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationShould we replace radiologists with deep learning? Pigeons, error and trust in medical AI
Alvarado, R. (2021) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.12959 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationOutlines of a critique of technology
Slater, P., etc., & Panzieri, R. (1980) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Automating autism: Disability, discourse, and Artificial Intelligence
Keyes, O. (2020) · ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) · doi:10.25779/89bj-j396 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Epistemic Entitlements and the Practice of Computer Simulation
Symons, J., & Alvarado, R. (2019) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-018-9487-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationSymons, J., & Horner, J. K. (2014) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0163-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationBig Data, Thick Mediation, and Representational Opacity
Alvarado, R., & Humphreys, P. (2017) · New Literary History · doi:10.1353/nlh.2017.0037 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAbout the warrants of computer-based empirical knowledge
Barberousse, A., & Vorms, M. (2014) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-014-0482-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Origgi, G., & Ciranna, S. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315212043-30 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice: A Blueprint
Bratu, C., & Hänel, H. C. (2021) · Moral Philosophy and Politics · doi:10.1515/mopp-2020-0007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
How Computational Models Predict the Behavior of Complex Systems
Symons, J., & Boschetti, F. (2012) · Foundations of Science · doi:10.1007/s10699-012-9307-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is a Computer Simulation? A Review of a Passionate Debate
Saam, N. J. (2016) · Journal for General Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s10838-016-9354-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Horner, J. K., & Symons, J. (2019) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-019-00342-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo Kinds of Discrimination in AI-Based Penal Decision-Making
Hübner, D. (2021) · ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter · doi:10.1145/3468507.3468510 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Row erupts over university’s use of research metrics in job-cut decisions
Else, H. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00793-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Why There is no General Solution to the Problem of Software Verification
Symons, J., & Horner, J. K. (2019) · Foundations of Science · doi:10.1007/s10699-019-09611-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is a model, why people don't trust them, and why they should
Boschetti, F., Fulton, E. A., Bradbury, R., & Symons, J. (2012) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDo Simpler Models Exist and How Can We Find Them?
Rudin, C. D. (2019) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/3292500.3330823 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Outlines of a Pragmatic Theory of Truth and Error in Computer Simulation
Hubig, C., & Kaminski, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55762-5_9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mathematische Opazität. Über Rechtfertigung und Reproduzierbarkeit in der Computersimulation
Kaminski, A., Resch, M., & Uwe Küster, A. (2018) · Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783845285429-253 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Software engineering standards for epidemiological models
Horner, J. K., & Symons, J. (2020) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-020-00347-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite Knighting: How Help Reinforces Gender Differences Between Men and Women
Ruiz, A. G. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01018-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
McKinlay, S. (2020) · Edinburgh University Press eBooks · doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474463522.003.0011 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Explaining Epistemic OpacityPreprint
Alvarado, R. (2021) · PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationLife by algorithms how roboprocesses are remaking our world
Besteman, C., & Gusterson, H. (n.d.) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 78 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Alvarado, R. (2020). Epistemic opacity, big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning. In K. Macnish & J. Galliot (Eds.), Big data and the democratic process. Edinburgh University Press.
- Code, L. (2017). Epistemic responsibility. In J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The routledge handbook of epistemic injustice (pp. 107–117). Routledge.
- Corbett-Davies, S., & Goel, S. (2018). The measure and mismeasure of fairness: A critical review of fair machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv, 1808.00023. · arXiv
- Dieterich, W., Mendoza, C., & Brennan, T. (2016). COMPAS risk scales: Demonstrating accuracy equity and predictive parity. Northpoint Inc, 7(74), 1.
- Flores, A. W., Bechtel, K., & Lowenkamp, C. T. (2016). False positives, false negatives, and false analyses: A rejoinder to machine bias: There’s software used across the country to predict future criminals and it’s biased against blacks. Fed. Probation, 80, 38.
- Neal, B. (2019). On the bias-variance tradeoff: Textbooks need an update. https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.08286 · arXiv
- Spivak, G. C. (2003). Can the subaltern speak? Die Philosophin, 14(27), 42–58.
- Weltz, J. (2019). Over-Policing and Fairness in Machine Learning (Doctoral dissertation, Pomona College).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alvarado, R. (2023) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-023-00451-3 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationTestimonial injustice in medical machine learning
Pozzi, G. (2023) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2022-108630 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
What kind of trust does AI deserve, if any?
Alvarado, R. (2023) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-022-00224-x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationEpistemic Injustice in Generative AI
Kay, J., Kasirzadeh, A., & Mohamed, S. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society · doi:10.1609/aies.v7i1.31671 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Automated opioid risk scores: a case for machine learning-induced epistemic injustice in healthcare
Pozzi, G. (2023) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09676-z · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Beyond Preferences in AI Alignment
Zhi-Xuan, T., Carroll, M., Franklin, M., & Ashton, H. (2024) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-024-02249-w · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Dirty Data Labeled Dirt Cheap: Epistemic Injustice in Machine Learning Systems
Hull, G. (2022) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09712-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Algorithmic profiling as a source of hermeneutical injustice
Milano, S., & Prunkl, C. (2025) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-023-02095-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mollema, W. J. T. (2025) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00801-w · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“As a data science technology, AI systems can cause hermeneutical injustices, so Symons & Alvarado [46] explain, because of the epistemic opacity of their workings, which obscures the computational path towards the 4 Floridi (2023) neatly describes the “Brussels - Washington consensus on the legal…”
Social Agency for Artifacts: Chatbots and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Symons, J., & AbuMusab, S. (2023) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-023-00086-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMenopause apps: Personal health tracking, empowerment and epistemic injustice
Sillence, E., Osborne, A. K., Kemp, E., & McKellar, K. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251330782 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Socially disruptive technologies and epistemic injustice
Hopster, J. K. G. (2024) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-024-09747-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Conversational Artificial Intelligence and the Potential for Epistemic Injustice
De Proost, M., & Pozzi, G. (2023) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2191020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Merging Minds: The Conceptual and Ethical Impacts of Emerging Technologies for Collective Minds
Lyreskog, D. M., Zohny, H., Savulescu, J., & Singh, I. (2023) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-023-09516-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bennett, S., Claisse, C., Luger, E. A., & Durrant, A. C. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society · doi:10.1145/3600211.3604684 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
First-person disavowals of digital phenotyping and epistemic injustice in psychiatry
Slack, S. K., & Barclay, L. (2023) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-023-10174-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Automated decision-making as domination
Burrell, J. (2024) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v29i4.13630 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Grill, G. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/zekqv · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pozzi, G., & Proost, M. D. (2024) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00523-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Machine learning in healthcare and the methodological priority of epistemology over ethics
Grote, T. (2024) · Inquiry · doi:10.1080/0020174x.2024.2312207 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Safir, A. H., McInerney, K., Blackwell, A. F., & Debnath, R. (2025) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3715275.3732136 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Faissner, M., Kuhn, E. M., Müller, R., & Laacke, S. (2024) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-024-09765-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ma, W., & Valton, V. (2024) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00762-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pozzi, G., & Durán, J. M. (2024) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-024-01875-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Olaniyan, Y. D., Martins, M. O., & Al Maqrashi, R. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2026.1790324 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
SIDEs: Separating Idealization from Deceptive 'Explanations' in xAI
Sullivan, E. (2024) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3630106.3658999 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zagkotas, V. (2025) · Futurity Education · doi:10.57125/fed.2025.06.25.03 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Appropriating Empowerment: Precision Medicine’s Proclivity to Epistemic Injustice
Kenis, D. (2025) · Hypatia · doi:10.1017/hyp.2025.17 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Relational & culture-sensitive AI innovation
Herzog, C. (2025) · Journal of Responsible Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100135 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Faissner, M., Lenk, J., & Müller, R. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394238651.ch9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
STEM enabling digital skills for women microentrepreneurs in Peru
Lozano, J. P. R., & Castro, M. P. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-02727-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
How Open Science organizations generate epistemic oppression
Elliott, S., & Sterner, B. (2025) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-025-00674-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Good classification matters: conceptual engineering in data science
Köhler, S. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-024-04850-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alvarado, R. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-04993-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSilencing in data science practices
Lassen, I. M. S., Bjerring, J. C., & Nielbo, K. L. (2025) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517251365228 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rawson, B. (2025) · International Journal of Law in Context · doi:10.1017/s1744552325100347 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
On informational injustice and epistemic exclusions
Bagwala, A. (2024) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-024-04636-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
AI and Healthcare Disparities: Lessons from a Cautionary Tale in Knee Radiology
Hull, G. (2025) · The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine · doi:10.1093/jmp/jhaf020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kutyabami, P., Muyinda, H., Mukuru, M., Mwaka, E., Pakoyo, K., Kalyango, J. N., & Sewankambo, N. K. (2025) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01346-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parviainen, J., Teräsahde, S., Kuusipalo, P., Koski, A., & Rantala, J. (2026) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-03157-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Analyzing high school students’ critical ethical decision-making in data science
Register, J. T., Stephan, M. L., & Hull, G. (2026) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/s11858-026-01830-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Testimonial Injustice in Governmental AI Systems
Gray, C. (2023) · AI critique · doi:10.1515/9783839466605-004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Common Denominator? Epistemic Systems Bridge Epistemic Relativism and Epistemic Oppression
Veigl, S. J. (2025) · Hypatia · doi:10.1017/hyp.2024.62 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Digital Simulacra and the Call for Epistemic Responsibility: An Ubuntu Perspective
Ferlito, B., & Proost, M. D. (2023) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2023.2237467 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gabdoulline, G., Kern, C. J., & Krönung, J. (2023) · HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik · doi:10.1365/s40702-023-01027-2
Translating of Knowledge Cultures in the Context of Epistemic Justice
Panchenko, L., & Grygorova, N. (2024) · Studia Warmińskie · doi:10.31648/sw.10786
Collisions of Methodology and Epistemology in Data Science
Petrunin, Y. Y. (2025) · Государственное управление. Электронный вестник · doi:10.55959/msu2070-1381-107-2024-194-205
Müller, R. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394238651.ch14
Epistemische (Un)Gerechtigkeit
Müller, R., & Faissner, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70086-0_23-1
Zednik, C., & Verreault-Julien, P. (2025) · Synthese Library/Synthese library · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03083-2_6
Clearview AI: “Building a Secure World One Face at a Time”
Lima, T. G. L. (2025) · Global political sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05954-3_4
Absalom, H. (2026) · International Journal of Housing Policy · doi:10.1080/19491247.2026.2630115
Differential Disruption and Epistemic Injustice
Hopster, J. K. G., & Proost, M. D. (2026) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-026-00257-3
Responsible AI for Research: Between Moral Philosophy and Philosophy of Science
Mussgnug, A. M., Leonelli, S., & Vallor, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15112-4_20
Erasing Agonism: How Algorithmic Governance Goes Further than Leviathan
Hull, G. (2026) · Philosophy & Social Criticism · doi:10.1177/01914537261457140
Measuring Epistemic Unfairness for Algorithmic Decision-Making
Quaresmini, C., Piccinin, L., & Breschi, V. (2026) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3805689.3812371
Epistemic engulfment by proptech and finance in Canadian housing
St-Hilaire, C. (2026) · City · doi:10.1080/13604813.2026.2700087
Movement Data Science: Practices for Working in Solidarity with Social Justice Efforts
Chowdhary, S., & Green, B. (2026) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3816974
Detecting and Mitigating Bias in AI Systems: A Methodological Approach to Social Inequality
Grimaccia, E. (2026) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc16100316
Algorithmic gaslighting in healthcare: mechanisms, harms, and epistemic injustice in context
Onder, O. (2026) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-026-00235-0
mHealth, Environmental Impacts and Justice
Samuel, G. N. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197779033.003.0017
Between automation and epistemic autonomy: reappropriating generative AI in global academic writing
Thinh, M. P. (2026) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2026.2751093
Data Authority and Digital Hermeneutical Injustice
Gao, Y., & Bai, H. (2026) · Philosophia · doi:10.1007/s11406-026-01075-0
- Authors
- Symons, J., & Alvarado, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Symons, John
- Venue
- Synthese
- Published
- 2022-03-10
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0039-7857 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0964
- OpenAlex
- W4220838917
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 17.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Synthese (publishedVersion)
- PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (H98230-18-D-0009)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Keywords
- epistemic injustice, epistemic harm, credibility of testimony, criminal justice, workplace hierarchy, educational context, algorithmic harms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review