Occurrence and fate of perfluorinated acids in two wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai, China
Abstract
Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) have drawn much attention due to their environmental persistence, ubiquitous existence, and bioaccumulation potential. The discharge of wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a significant source of PFAs to the environment. In this study, wastewater and sludge samples were collected from two WWTPs in Shanghai, China, to investigate the contamination level and fate of PFAs in different stages of processing. The total concentrations of PFAs (∑PFAs) in influent from plants A and B were 2,452 and 292 ng L(-1), respectively. Perfluoropentanoic acid (1,520 ± 80 ng L(-1) in plant A and 89.2 ± 12.1 ng L(-1) in plant B) was the predominant PFA in influent waters, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid. The concentration of ∑PFAs ranged from 75.0 to 126.0 ng g(-1) dry weight in sludge samples from plant B, with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid as the predominant contaminant. The concentrations and fate of PFAs in different WWTPs vary. The ∑PFAs entering plant A decreased significantly in the final effluent of activated sludge process, while that in plant B increased significantly in the final effluent of sequencing batch reactor system. The concentration changes could be due to the sorption onto sludge, or the degradation of PFAs precursors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The MBBR treatment system in the current study had a similar aeration treatment process (aerobic biological treatment) as the SBR treatment in the other studies.
“The MBBR treatment system in the current study had a similar aeration treatment process (aerobic biological treatment) as the SBR treatment in the other studies.”
From Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill liquids from Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Wisconsin (2024) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2015
Cites
Sorption of Perfluorinated Surfactants on Sediments
Higgins, C. P., & Luthy, R. G. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061000n · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents
(2001) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/004051750107100823 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Mass Loading and Fate of Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Sinclair, E., & Kannan, K. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es051798v · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Fluorochemical Mass Flows in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility
Schultz, M. M., Higgins, C. P., Huset, C. A., Luthy, R. G., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061025m · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Loganathan, B. G., Sajwan, K. S., Sinclair, E., Senthil Kumar, K., & Kannan, K. (2007) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.045 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China
So, M. K., Miyake, Y., Yeung, W. Y., Ho, Y.-M., Taniyasu, S., Rostkowski, P., Yamashita, N., Zhou, B. S., Shi, X., Wang, J. X., et al. (2007) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.008 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in sewage treatment plants
Yu, J., Hu, J., Tanaka, S., & Fujii, S. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.009 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Boulanger, B., Vargo, J. D., Schnoor, J. L., & Hornbuckle, K. C. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es050213u · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl compounds in Danish wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments
Bossi, R., Strand, J., Sortkjær, O., & Larsen, M. M. (2007) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.10.002 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Evaluation of wastewater and street runoff as sources of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs)
Murakami, M., Shinohara, H., & Takada, H. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.018 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Thompson, J., Eaglesham, G., Reungoat, J., Poussade, Y., Bartkow, M., Lawrence, M., & Mueller, J. F. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.040 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Li, F., Zhang, C., Qu, Y., Chen, J., Chen, L., Liu, Y., & Zhou, Q. (2010) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.032 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationOccurrence and Mass Flows of Fluorochemicals in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland
Huset, C. A., Chiaia, A. C., Barofsky, D. F., Jonkers, N., Kohler, H.-P. E., Ort, C., Giger, W., & Field, J. A. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es703062f · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sun, H., Li, F., Zhang, T., Zhang, X., He, N., Song, Q., Zhao, L., Sun, L., & Sun, T. (2011) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.036 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the fate of perfluoroalkyl compounds in wastewater treatment plants
Guo, R., Sim, W., Lee, E.-S., Lee, J., & Oh, J. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.028 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Arvaniti, O. S., Ventouri, E. I., Stasinakis, A. S., & Τhomaidis, Ν. S. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.015 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Wang, T., Khim, J. S., Chen, C., Naile, J. E., Lü, Y., Kannan, K., Park, J., Luo, W., Jiao, W., Hu, W., et al. (2011) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.023 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Kunacheva, C., Tanaka, S., Fujii, S., Boontanon, S. K., Musirat, C., Wongwattana, T., & Shivakoti, B. R. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.059 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Kim, S., Im, J.-K., Kang, Y., Jung, S.-Y., Kho, Y. L., & Zoh, K. (2011) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.036 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Perfluorochemicals in wastewater treatment plants and sediments in Hong Kong
Ma, R., & Shih, K. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.013 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
D'eon, J. C., Crozier, P. W., Furdui, V. I., Reiner, E. J., Libelo, E. L., & Mabury, S. A. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/09-048.1 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in sewage sludge from Shanghai, China
Yan, H., Zhang, C., Zhou, Q., Chen, L., & Meng, X. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.105 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-chain perfluorinated chemicals in digested sewage sludges in Switzerland
Sun, H., Gerecke, A. C., Giger, W., & Alder, A. C. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.020 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Shivakoti, B. R., Tanaka, S., Fujii, S., Kunacheva, C., Boontanon, S. K., Musirat, C., Seneviratne, S. T. M. L. D., & Tanaka, H. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b927287a · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sun, H., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Zhang, T., Li, F., He, N., & Alder, A. C. (2012) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-011-0727-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of perfluorinated compounds in seven wastewater treatment plants in Beijing urban areas
Pan, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, J., & Cai, Y. (2010) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-010-4093-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Liu, R., Ruan, T., Wang, T., Song, S., Yu, M., Gao, Y., Shao, J.-J., & Jiang, G. (2013) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.063 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2021) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117187 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Krzemiński, P., Tomei, M. C., Karaolia, P., Langenhoff, A., Almeida, C. M. R., Felis, E., Gritten, F., Andersen, H. R., Fernandes, T., Manaia, C. M., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.130 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Phong Vo, H. N., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., Hong Nguyen, T. M., Li, J., Liang, H., Deng, L., Chen, Z., & Hang Nguyen, T. A. (2020) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101393 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Meng, J., Zhang, M., Chen, S., He, B., Zhao, H. J., Li, Q., Zhang, S., & Wang, T. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104982 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Gobelius, L., Hedlund, J., Dürig, W., Tröger, R., Lilja, K., Wiberg, K., & Ahrens, L. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b05718 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Meng, X., Venkatesan, A. K., Ni, Y.-L., Steele, J. C., Wu, L., Bignert, A., Bergman, Å., & Halden, R. U. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05583 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Masoner, J. R., Kolpin, D. W., Cozzarelli, I. M., Smalling, K. L., Bolyard, S. C., Field, J. A., Furlong, E. T., Gray, J. L., Lozinski, D., Reinhart, D., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/d0ew00045k · Cited by 188 · see citing works
O’Connor, J., Bolan, N. S., Kumar, M., Nitai, A. S., Ahmed, M. B., Bolan, S. S., Vithanage, M., Rinklebe, J., Mukhopadhyay, R., Srivastava, P., et al. (2022) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.06.002 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Zhi, Y., Lu, X., Munoz, G., Yeung, L. W. Y., Silva, A. O. D., Hao, S., He, H., Jia, Y., Higgins, C. P., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c04453 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationPerfluorinated compounds in surface waters of Shanghai, China: source analysis and risk assessment
Sun, R., Wu, M., Tang, L., Li, J., Qian, Z., Han, T., & Xu, G. (2018) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.012 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Kim, J., Xin, X., Mamo, B. T., Hawkins, G. L., Li, K., Chen, Y., Huang, Q., & Huang, C.-H. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00135 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Cookson, E. S., & Detwiler, R. L. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118784 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Liu, S., Jin, B., Arp, H. P. H., Chen, W., Liu, Y., & Zhang, G. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c04276 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and soil in wastewater-irrigated farmland in Jordan
Shigei, M., Ahrens, L., Hazaymeh, A., & Dalahmeh, S. S. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137057 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Meng, J., & Wang, T. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.078 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chang, C.-J., Ryan, P. B., Smarr, M. M., Kannan, K., Panuwet, P., Dunlop, A. L., Corwin, E. J., & Barr, D. B. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110445 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Mojiri, A., Zhou, J. L., Ozaki, N., KarimiDermani, B., Razmi, E., & Kasmuri, N. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Occurrence and fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in urban waters of New Zealand
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128257 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Lakshminarasimman, N., Gewurtz, S. B., Parker, W. J., & Smyth, S. A. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142431 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Yan, T., Chen, H., Jiang, F., & Xin, W. (2014) · Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data · doi:10.1021/je400974z · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sun, Z., Zhang, C., Yan, H., Chang-lai, H., Chen, L., Meng, X., & Zhou, Q. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.122 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationMu, H., Li, J., Chen, L., Hu, H., Wang, J., Gu, C., Zhang, X., Ren, H., & Wu, B. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107447 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Behnami, A., Benis, K. Z., Pourakbar, M., Yeganeh, M., Esrafili, A., & Gholami, M. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171559 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Li, Y., Bräunig, J., Calderon, A. G., Thai, P. K., Mueller, J. F., & Yuan, Z. (2020) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116583 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chiriac, F. L., Pirvu, F., Paun, I. C., & Petre, V. A. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164576 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Gao, J., Nguyen, H. T., Vijayasarathy, S., Du, P., Li, X., Yao, H., Mueller, J. F., & Thai, P. K. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130590 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liu, W., He, W., Wu, J., Wu, W.-J., & Xu, F. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.219 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Balancing sustainability goals and treatment efficacy for PFAS removal from water
Tushar, M. M. R., Pushan, Z. A., Aich, N., & Rowles, L. S. (2024) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-024-00427-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Liu, W., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, P., Yu, S., Zhang, J., Tang, Y., Xiong, G., Tao, S., et al. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.103 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Non-targeted screening of emerging contaminants in South African surface and wastewater
Abafe, O. A., Lawal, M. A., & Chokwe, T. B. (2023) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100246 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chen, W., Yang, F., Hu, E., Yang, C., Sun, C., & Li, M. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120226 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dong, W., Liu, B., Song, Y., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Cui, X. (2017) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-017-0474-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Calore, F., Guolo, P. P., Wu, J., Xu, Q., Lu, J., & Marcomini, A. (2023) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100228 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters
Nguyen, T., Westerhoff, P. K., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Batt, A. L., Mash, H. E., Schenck, K. M., Boone, J. S., Rice, J., & Glassmeyer, S. T. (2018) · American Water Works Association · doi:10.1002/awwa.1052 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ilieva, Z., Hamza, R., & Suehring, R. (2023) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4778 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Occurrence, Removal and Bioaccumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Lake Chaohu, China
Pan, X., Ye, J., Zhang, H., Tang, J., & Pan, D. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16101692 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Qian, X., Huang, J., Yan, C., Xiao, J., Cao, C., Wu, Y., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134074 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Prospects of Novel Technologies for PFAS Destruction in Water and Wastewater
Capodaglio, A. G. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15179311 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Bowden, J. A., Townsend, T. G., & Solo-Gabriele, H. M. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.027 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A critical review of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater biosolids and sludge
Ismail, U. M., & Tizaoui, C. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.120422 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Environmental Risk Assessment Resulting from Sediment Contamination with Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Gałęzowska, G., Rogowska, J., Olkowska, E., Ratajczyk, W., & Wolska, L. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26010116 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Lü, M., Chen, L., Bai, M., Ouyang, X., & Huang, X. (2019) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120198 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Unraveling the impact of perfluorooctanoic acid on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process
Bao, H., Li, Z.-Y., Chen, C., Li, M., Zhang, X., Song, K., Sun, Y., & Wang, A.-J. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135617 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, Y., Bowden, J. A., Townsend, T. G., & Solo-Gabriele, H. M. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141719 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kasambala, H. R., Rwiza, M. J., Mpumi, N., Mwema, M. F., Machunda, R. L., Mtei, K., & Njau, K. N. (2024) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2024.100975 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yang, C., Yang, J. H., Lv, Y., Shi, Y., Cui, D., Yin, M., Li, L., Zhang, J., & Xu, C. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179857 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gałęzowska, G., Kołecka, K., Cieszyńska-Semenowicz, M., Redko, V., & Gajewska, M. (2024) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107422 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Duru, C. I., & Sherchan, S. P. (2025) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-025-08225-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Danilova, S. N., Meng, S.-D., Chen, F., Zhang, Z., Liu, B., Kolodeznikov, V. E., Petrova, N. N., Li, Y.-F., & Zhang, Z.-F. (2026) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109911 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pavithra, K., Sharma, B. M., & Chakraborty, P. (2024) · Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health · doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2024.100565 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Smolinski, R., Oates, M., Venkatesan, A. K., Gobler, C. J., & McDonough, C. A. (2025) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d5em00134j · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yong, Z. Y., Othman, M. H. D., Yong, E. L., Puteh, M. H., Jaafar, J., Rahman, M. A., & Kurniawan, T. A. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-025-00996-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Verwold, C., Tremblay, C. W., Patron, M., & Kimura, S. Y. (2023) · Environmental Science Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/d3ew00198a · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Thélusmond, J. R., Sardarmehni, M., DeStefano, N. J., Weed, R. A., Knappe, D. R. U., & Barlaz, M. A. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c01202 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Valence and Inner Electronic Excitation, Ionization, and Fragmentation of Perfluoropropionic Acid
Martínez, Y. B., Bava, Y. B., Filho, R. L. C., Erben, M. F., Romano, R. M., & Védova, C. O. D. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09252 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, J. C. Y., Liu, J., Evrendilek, F., Tao, L., Yao, C., Zou, Z., Chen, T., Li, L., Cai, B., Zhuang, G., et al. (2026) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr14050865 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Perfluoropropionic Acid (CF3CF2C(O)OH): Three Conformations and Dimer Formation
Védova, C. O. D., Romano, R. M., Stammler, H.-G., & Mitzel, N. W. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30091887 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Puttamreddy, S., Ramesh, S. B., Nippatlapalli, N., & Allabakshi, S. M. (2024) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.115114 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hökl, L., & Bockreis, A. (2025) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x251371421 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Szymański, K., Sidełko, R., Piekarski, J., Dąbrowski, T., & Włodarczyk‐Makuła, M. (2025) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101356 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhang, C., Zhou, G., Gao, L., Deng, N., Wu, W., & Meng, L. (2025) · Environmental Science Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/d5ew00771b · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFarina, I., di Uccio, A. S., Moretti, A., & Colangelo, F. (2026) · Environmental Technology Reviews · doi:10.1080/21622515.2026.2663810 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and wastewater
Chowdhury, S. D., Tyagi, R. D., Pilli, S., Tyagi, V. K., Pandey, A., & Bhunia, P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99906-9.00003-6
Herrera, A. G., Iacovidou, E., & Giakoumis, T. (2026) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181779
Qian, J., Ma, C., Chen, Q., Wu, Q., Qin, L., Liang, Y., & Zeng, H. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14070548
- Authors
- Zhang, C., Yan, H., Li, F., & Zhou, Q.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Chaojie
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2013-08-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1804-1811
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W2095025556
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- perfluoroalkyl acids, municipal wastewater treatment plants, wastewater effluent, activated sludge, sequencing batch reactor, sludge contamination, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, PFPeA, Shanghai
- MeSH terms
- China, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
