How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of the present study was to review the scientific literature that investigated concurrent training adaptations in elderly populations, with the aim of identifying the optimal combination of both training program variables (i.e., strength and endurance) to avoid or minimize the interference effect in the elderly. Scielo, Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Concurrent training is the most effective strategy by which to improve neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions as well as functional capacity in the elderly. The volume and frequency of training appears to play a critical role in concurrent training-induced adaptations in elderly subjects. Furthermore, new evidence indicates that the intra-session exercise order may influence the magnitude of physiological adaptations. Despite the interference effect on strength gains that is caused by concurrent training, this type of training is advantageous in that the combination of strength and endurance training produces both neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations in the elderly. The interference phenomenon may be observed in elderly subjects when a moderate weekly volume of concurrent training (i.e., three times per week) is performed. However, even with the occurrence of this phenomenon, the performance of three concurrent training sessions per week appears to optimize the strength gains in relative brief periods of training (12 weeks). Moreover, performing strength prior to endurance exercise may optimize both neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains.
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There were insufficient data to determine if multicomponent function is affected by load, range of motion, or concurrent training.
“There were insufficient data to determine if the multicomponent function was positively affected by load (24), range of motion (87), or concurrent training (119).”
From American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Resistance Training Prescription for Muscle Function, Hypertrophy, and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: An Overview of Reviews (2026) · cites this paper as [119]
The section ‘The effects of concurrent training on functional capacity’ says few studies compared training types, but it also explicitly highlights a positive effect of concurrent training on functional capacity in elderly populations. Thus, the paper does not say the data were insufficient to determine whether concurrent training had a positive effect. Citation (119) attaches to concurrent training, not to load or range of motion; the indexed copy provides no page number. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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DNA Methylation Dynamics of Dose-dependent Acute Exercise, Training Adaptation, and DetrainingPreprint
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- Authors
- EL, C., & M, I.
- Venue
- AGE
- Published
- 2013-01-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2329-2344
- ISSN
- 0161-9152 (ISSN-L)
- 1574-4647
- PMC
- PMC3825007
- OpenAlex
- W1981472563
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- AGE (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- concurrent training, older adults, resistance training, endurance training, interference effects, muscle strength, functional capacity, cardiovascular adaptation, neuromuscular adaptation, exercise order, training volume, exercise frequency, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Aging, Humans, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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