Positive effects of resistance training in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on muscle strength, incidence of falls and functional outcomes in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint, followed by 24 weeks of training cessation. Eighteen frail elderly patients with mild dementia (88.1 ± 5.1 years) performed a multicomponent exercise program, which consisted of 4 weeks of walking, balance and cognitive exercises, followed by 4 weeks of resistance exercise performed twice weekly [8-12 repetitions at 20-50 % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)], combined with walking, balance and cognitive exercises. Before and after training, as well as after 24 weeks of training cessation, strength outcomes, Barthel Index, balance, gait ability, rise from a chair ability, dual task performance, incidence of falls and Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed. After the first 4 weeks of training, there was a significant improvement only in the balance test, whereas no additional changes were observed. However, after the second part of the training, the participants required significantly less time for the time-up-and-go test (P < 0.05), and improved the isometric hand grip, hip flexion and knee extension strength, as well as the leg press 1RM (P < 0.01). A significant reduction was also observed in the incidence of falls (P < 0.01). After 24 weeks of training cessation, abrupt decreases were observed in nearly all of the physical outcomes (P < 0.05). The exercise intervention improved strength, balance and gait ability in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint, and these benefits were lost after training cessation.
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Tailored multicomponent exercise training with a particular emphasis on lower load (30-50% of 1RM) and high-speed PRT may be a cornerstone for enhancing both physical and cognitive functions.
“Tailored multicomponent exercise training with a particular emphasis on lower load (30–50% of 1RM) and high-speed PRT may be a cornerstone for enhancing both physical and cognitive functions [109].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
In a 12-week multicomponent exercise intervention involving institutionalized frail nonagenarians, explosive resistance training improved muscle cross-sectional area, muscle fat infiltration, maximal strength and power, balance, gait, and sit-to-stand ability, and reduced fall incidence.
“In a 12-week multicomponent exercise intervention involving institutionalized frail nonagenarians, explosive resistance training improved the muscle cross-sectional area, muscle fat infiltration, maximal strength and power, balance, gait, and sit-to-stand ability, and reduced fall incidence [84,109].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Both multicomponent exercise and PRT could effectively enhance the physical performance of institutionalized older adults, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery, 30-second Chair-Stand, Timed Up and Go tests, and gait ability.
“The studies provided evidence that both multicomponent exercise and PRT could effectively enhance the physical performance of institutionalized older adults, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery, 30-second Chair-Stand, Timed Up and Go tests, and gait ability [84,109,493], and potentially ameliorate frailty and reduce falls [84,109,240].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Multicomponent exercise and PRT potentially ameliorate frailty and reduce falls in institutionalized older adults.
“and potentially ameliorate frailty and reduce falls [84,109,240].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Physical activity benefits cognitive functions, mental health, and overall well-being, supporting its utility in improving quality of life for nursing home residents.
“Research also indicates that PA benefits cognitive functions, mental health [109], and overall well-being [488], supporting its broad utility in improving the quality of life for nursing home residents.”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Tailored multicomponent exercise training with emphasis on lower load (30-50% of 1RM) and high-speed PRT may be a cornerstone for enhancing both physical and cognitive functions.
“Tailored multicomponent exercise training with a particular emphasis on lower load (30–50% of 1RM) and high-speed PRT may be a cornerstone for enhancing both physical and cognitive functions [109].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Both multicomponent exercise and PRT can effectively enhance physical performance of institutionalized older adults, as measured by SPPB, 30-second Chair-Stand, Timed Up and Go tests, and gait ability, and potentially ameliorate frailty and reduce falls.
“The studies provided evidence that both multicomponent exercise and PRT could effectively enhance the physical performance of institutionalized older adults, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery, 30-second Chair-Stand, Timed Up and Go tests, and gait ability [84,109,493], and potentially ameliorate frailty and reduce falls [84,109,240].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Physical activity benefits cognitive functions, mental health, and overall well-being.
“Research also indicates that PA benefits cognitive functions, mental health [109], and overall well-being [488]”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Cadore, E. L., Moneo, A. B. B., Mensat, M. M., Muñoz, A. R., Casas-Herrero, A., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., & Izquierdo, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) (ES)
- Venue
- AGE
- Published
- 2013-11-16
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 801-811
- ISSN
- 0161-9152 (ISSN-L)
- 1574-4647
- PMC
- PMC4039260
- OpenAlex
- W2099800551
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 16.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- AGE (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (278803)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- resistance training, frail elderly, dementia, physical restraint, multicomponent exercise, muscle strength, balance, gait, falls, detraining, functional outcome, cognitive exercises, walking
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gait, Humans, Male, Restraint, Physical, Time Factors, Exercise, Walking, Frail Elderly, Treatment Outcome, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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