Psychometric Analysis and Validation of the Italian Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale
Open accessAbstract
Social media use, and specifically Facebook use, has become increasingly popular over the past decade. Despite the many benefits of social networking, a small minority of individuals appear to develop issues surrounding social media use, and more specifically Facebook use. It has, therefore, led some scholars to describe such problematic activity as a behavioral addiction. Such problematic behaviors have been reported in many countries including Italy. The present study validated and examined the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) by conducting a psychometric examination among an Italian sample of adults (n = 217; aged 18 to 68 years). Internal reliability was examined using various indicators, including Cronbach’s α, which was excellent (α = 0.94). Results indicated that Facebook addiction was significantly correlated with social media addiction, smartphone addiction, narcissism, depression, and self-esteem. The results of the present study support the use of the Italian version of the BFAS in research and confirms the uni-dimensional nature of the single factor proposed by the original authors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale has been widely validated.
“The tool has been widely validated [20–23]”
From Facebook addiction and affected academic performance among Ethiopian university students: A cross-sectional study (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190 · see citing works
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,065 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
<b>lavaan</b> : An <i>R</i> Package for Structural Equation Modeling
Rosseel, Y. (2012) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v048.i02 · Cited by 27,955 · see citing works
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251 · see citing works
An Index of Factorial Simplicity
Kaiser, H. F. (1974) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291575 · Cited by 14,898 · see citing works
Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 · Cited by 14,542 · see citing works
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Mueller, C. W., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074955 · Cited by 14,211 · see citing works
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
Cattell, R. B. (1966) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10 · Cited by 13,554 · see citing works
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 10,092 · see citing works
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Clogg, C. C., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580595 · Cited by 8,244 · see citing works
(2011) · Cited by 5,290 · see citing works
Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bode, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011 · Cited by 5,128 · see citing works
Kim, H.-Y. (2013) · Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics · doi:10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52 · Cited by 4,035 · see citing works
Uses and Gratifications Research
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268109 · Cited by 4,012 · see citing works
Test Theory: A Unified Treatment
Zwick, R., & McDonald, R. P. (2000) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2669496 · Cited by 3,637 · see citing works
A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework
Griffiths, M. (2005) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659890500114359 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
Self-citation(1993) · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., Cella, D., & PROMIS Cooperative Group (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111411667 · Cited by 2,132 · see citing works
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) (Andreassen et al. 2016; Italian version: Monacis et al. 2017) is a six-item instrument that assesses the risk of social media addiction based on the addiction components model (Griffiths 2005) over a period of 12 months.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationOnline Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8093528 · Cited by 2,038 · cited 11× · see citing works
“A further correlation was found between performing an action in public and experiencing social anxiety (for example, speaking in public), as reported in previous research (Kuss and Griffiths 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationWho interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use
Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
Asymptotically distribution-free methods for the analysis of covariance structures.
Browne, M. (1984) · British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1984.tb00789.x · Cited by 1,890 · see citing works
Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.09.18.pr0.110.2.501-517 · Cited by 1,884 · see citing works
A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non‐normal Likert variables
Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x · Cited by 1,778 · see citing works
Single Sample Cross-Validation Indices for Covariance Structures
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. A. (1989) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2404_4 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned
Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14030311 · Cited by 1,603 · see citing works
Self-citationDewald, J. F., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bögels, S. M. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004 · Cited by 1,526 · see citing works
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Self-citationReliability and Validity of a Brief Measure of Sensation Seeking
Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, R. L. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00032-0 · Cited by 1,263 · see citing works
A Study Of A Measure Of Sampling Adequacy For Factor-Analytic Correlation Matrices
Cerny, B. A., & Kaiser, H. F. (1977) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1201_3 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Online Social Network Site Addiction: A Comprehensive Review
Andreassen, C. S. (2015) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9 · Cited by 1,212 · see citing works
Narcissism and social networking web sites
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208320061 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Theory and measurement of generalized problematic internet use : A two-step approach
Caplan, S. E. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Sohn, D., & Choi, S. M. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.015 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Embarrassment and Social Organization
Goffman, E. (1956) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/222003 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Barker, V. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0228 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Introduction to Nonparametric Item Response Theory
Sijtsma, K., & Molenaar, I. W. (2002) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412984676 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Users’Guide
Ferguson, E., & Cox, T. (1993) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.1993.tb00092.x · Cited by 724 · see citing works
The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.3.2014.016 · Cited by 714 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Besides the focus on relationship-building, this SNS platform also provides opportunities for sharing different kinds of content (writing, photography, videos), as well as gaming and other forms of entertainment, including gambling (Andreassen et al. 2012; Holmgren and Coyne 2017; Griffiths 2012, 2015; Kuss and Griffi…”
BackgroundInfluentialToward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology
Shaffer, H. J., LaPlante, D. A., LaBrie, R. A., Kidman, R. C., Donato, A. N., & Stanton, M. V. (2004) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220490905705 · Cited by 682 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nonetheless, scholars have also suggested that a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors contributes to the etiology of addictions (Griffiths 2005; Shaffer et al. 2004).”
BackgroundReporting Analyses of Covariance Structures
Boomsma, A. (2000) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0703_6 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Problematic Video Game Use: Estimated Prevalence and Associations with Mental and Physical Health
Mentzoni, R. A., Brunborg, G. S., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Hetland, J., & Pallesen, S. (2011) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0260 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Potential determinants of heavier internet usage
ARMSTRONG, L., PHILLIPS, J. G., & SALING, L. L. (2000) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.2000.0400 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Using Social Network Sites: The Effects of Playfulness, Critical Mass and Trust in a Hedonic Context
Sledgianowski, D., & Kulviwat, S. (2009) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2009.11645342 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Mîndrilă, D. (2010) · International Journal for Digital Society · doi:10.20533/ijds.2040.2570.2010.0010 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Program FACTOR at 10: Origins, development and future directions
Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo‐Seva, U. (2017) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2016.304 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Personality and self-esteem as predictors of young people's technology use
Ehrenberg, A., Juckes, S., White, K. M., & Walsh, S. P. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0030 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alimoradi, Z., Lin, C., Broström, A., Bülow, P. H., Bajalan, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Ohayon, M. M., & Pakpour, A. H. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.06.004 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Self-citationMonacis, L., de Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.023 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citationThe risk factors of Internet addiction—A survey of university freshmen
Tsai, H. F., Cheng, S. H., Yeh, T. L., Shih, C.-C., Chen, K. C., Yang, Y. C., & Yang, Y. K. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.01.015 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Social networking addiction: Emerging themes and issues
D Griffiths, M. (2013) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citation(2010) · PubMed · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Adicción a las nuevas tecnologías y a las redes sociales en jóvenes: un nuevo reto
Echeburúa, E., & De Corral, P. (2010) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.196 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The Psychometric Properties of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS)
Csibi, S., Griffiths, M. D., Cook, B. J., Demetrovics, Z., & Szabó, A. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9787-2 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS)
Konrath, S., Meier, B. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103469 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Moreno, M. A. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.180 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Facebook Addiction: Concerns, Criticism, and Recommendations—A Response to Andreassen and Colleagues
Griffiths, M. D. (2012) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/01.07.18.pr0.110.2.518-520 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationYen, J., Ko, C., Yen, C., Chen, C., & Chen, C. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01943.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Do narcissists dislike themselves “deep down inside”?
Keith Campbell, W., Bosson, J. K., Goheen, T. W., Lakey, C. E., & Kernis, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01880.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Ghassemzadeh, L., Shahraray, M., & Moradi, A. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0243 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia
Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00913.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Błachnio, A., & Przepiórka, A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.018 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Xie, W., & Karan, K. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.09 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Can't stop scrolling!: pathological use of social networking sites in emerging adulthood
Holmgren, H. G., & Coyne, S. M. (2017) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1294164 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Balcerowska, J. M., Bereznowski, P., Biernatowska, A., Atroszko, P. A., Pallesen, S., & Andreassen, C. S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00625-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Choi, J., Kim, S., Chen, J., & Dannels, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/1076998610381398 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
An Empirical Study of Problematic Internet Use and Self-Esteem
Widyanto, L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2011010102 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationSoraci, P., Ferrari, A., Urso, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00222-2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Adults and Facebook Use: the Validation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS)
da Veiga, G. F., Sotero, L. M. L., Pontes, H. M., Cunha, D., Portugal, A. P. M., & Relvas, A. P. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-0018-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
An Empirical Study of Problematic Internet Use and Self-Esteem
Widyanto, L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1858-9.ch006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationGriffiths, M. D. (2021) · Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport Blanquerna · doi:10.51698/aloma.2015.33.2.31-37 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationFacebook Addiction: A Reply to Griffiths (2012)
Andreassen, C. S., & Pallesen, S. (2013) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.09.pr0.113x32z6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yiğitoğlu, G. T., & Keskin, G. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_285_17 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Griffiths, M. D. (2015) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationExploration of adolescents’Internet Addiction
Lei, L. (2010) · Xinli fazhan yu jiaoyu · Cited by 7 · see citing works
In memory of Dr. Kimberly S. Young: The story of a pioneer
Brand, M., & Potenza Marc, N. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
(1999)
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 85 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health
Huang, C. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020978434 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Servidio, R., Soraci, P., Griffiths, M. D., Boca, S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100536 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationSoraci, P., Demetrovics, Z., Bevan, N., Pisanti, R., Servidio, R. C., Bernardo, C. D., Chini, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01432-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationDonati, M. A., Beccari, C., & Primi, C. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107132 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ballarotto, G., Volpi, B., & Tambelli, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18083965 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nazari, N., Safitri, S., Uşak, M., Arabmarkadeh, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00593-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationStangl, F. J., Riedl, R., Kiemeswenger, R., & Montag, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141663 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Connected by Boredom: A Systematic Review of the Role of Trait Boredom in Problematic Technology Use
Tagliaferri, G., Vilar, M. M., Frisari, F. V., Quaglieri, A., Mari, E., Burrai, J., Giannini, A. M., & Cricenti, C. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15080794 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Primi, C., Fioravanti, G., Casale, S., & Donati, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18062979 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Liao, C.-P., Sher, C.-Y., & Liu, Y.-H. (2022) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2023.101968 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dule, A., Abdu, Z., Hajure, M., Mohammedhussein, M., Girma, M., Gezimu, W., & Duguma, A. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280306 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vally, Z., Helmy, M. S., & Fourie, L. C. H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291034 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Exploring how Instagram addiction is associated with women’s body image and drive for thinness
Lee, M. (2022) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1080/03623319.2022.2092380 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Soraci, P., Pisanti, R., Servidio, R. C., Holte, A. J., Ferrari, A., Demetrovics, Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01375-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSoraci, P., Destro, C. L., Pisanti, R., Melchiori, F. M., Scali, L., Ferrari, A., Cimaglia, R., Spagna, S., Guaitoli, E., Bernardo, C. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/wzvo6947 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationALEXITHYMIA IN FACEBOOK ADDICTION: ABOVE AND BEYOND THE ROLE OF PATHOLOGICAL NARCISSISM
Rogier, G., Castellano, R., & Velotti, P. (2022) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2022.483 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Cudo, A., & Elphinston, R. A. (2024) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2023.100939 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Bergen Facebook addiction scale: a reliability generalization meta-analysis
Ma, J., Jin, Z., & Liu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1444039 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Soraci, P., Bevan, N., Pisanti, R., Servidio, R. C., Liberati, C., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01438-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychometric Evaluation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale: One- or Two-Factor Solution?
Verseillié, É., Laconi, S., Castro‐Calvo, J., & Chabrol, H. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00668-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aslan, A. M., & Koç, H. (2026) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-026-10269-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Chain Mediation Model for Psychological Maltreatment and Adolescents Social Media Dependence
Fang, J., Liu, Y., Jin, Y., Xiao, T., Pan, M., & Zhou, D. (2025) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.70069 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yayla, İ. E., Makas, S., Koçak, L., Yıldırım, M., & Dombak, K. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12121683 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Validation of the brief screening of Social Network Addiction Risk
Favieri, F., Forte, G., Savastano, M., & Casagrande, M. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104323 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction, Depression, Stress, and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis
Dadiotis, A., Malliari, K., Critselis, E., Bacopoulou, F., Vlachakis, D., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03398-7_28 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Subedi, P., C., S. B. G., Gurung, S. K., Poudel, R. L., Sharma, S., & Dhungana, B. R. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2025.2470189 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Depressive affect, stress, and compulsive Facebook use: examination in an Arabic-speaking sample
Vally, Z. (2025) · Cogent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28324765.2025.2476528 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hermann, J. C., Cummins, K. M., Adise, S., Marshall, A. T., Tapert, S. F., Baker, F. C., Mason, M. J., Wade, N. E., Alexander, J. D., Squeglia, L. M., et al. (2026) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2026.02.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hao, L. J., Kok, C., Keat, C. J., & Wan, P. P. (2023) · International Journal of Business and Technology Management · doi:10.55057/ijbtm.2023.5.2.6
Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Mukbang Addiction Scale
Soraci, P., Griffiths, M. D., Bevan, N., Pisanti, R., Servidio, R. C., & Kırcaburun, K. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00505-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationUtilisation problématique de Facebook : définition, évaluation et profils d'utilisateurs
Verseillié, É. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/99b489c2zb483z4287za456zf67d4731caba
Meyerowitz, H., Daniel-Smit, J., du Toit, R. E., & de Klerk, W. (2026) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2026.147036
- Authors
- Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Barberis, N., Luvarà, G., Urso, A., Del Fante, E., & Griffiths, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- University of Messina (IT)
- Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (IT)
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Griffiths, Mark D.
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2020-06-17
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 451-467
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- OpenAlex
- W3036548934
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nottingham Trent University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- Facebook addiction, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, Italian adaptation, psychometric validation, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, narcissism, depression, self-esteem, behavioral addiction, scale reliability and validity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
