Unsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Atherosclerosis Markers in Obese and Overweight Non-diabetic Elderly Patients
Abstract
Background Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of replacing trans and saturated fats with unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat supplementation on the biochemical and endothelial markers of atherosclerotic disease in obese or overweight non-diabetic elderly patients.Method Seventy-nine patients were randomly divided into three groups: flaxseed oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil; patients in each group received 30 mL of oil for 90 days. Patients were subjected to anthropometric and bioimpedance assessments; biochemical and endothelial evaluations were performed through ultrasonography of the brachial artery and carotid artery for endothelium-dependent dilation and intima-media thickness assessment, respectively, before and after the intervention. The participants' usual diet remained unchanged.Results The flaxseed oil group had improved ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.074) and reduced carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) (p = 0.028); the olive oil group exhibited an improved apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA ratio (p = 0.021), reduced CIMT (p = 0.028), and improved flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) (p = 0.054); and similarly, the sunflower oil group showed an improved ApoB/ApoA ratio (p = 0.024), reduced CIMT (p = 0.048), and improved FMV (p = 0.001).Conclusion Unsaturated fatty acid supplementation using the three vegetable oils attenuated pro-inflammatory properties and improved prothrombotic conditions. Therefore, introducing or replacing saturated and trans fat with unsaturated fatty acids is beneficial for cardiovascular risk reduction in obese or overweight non-diabetic elderly people. Further studies are needed to determine which unsaturated fat best prevents cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.
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Six RCTs had low risk of bias for random sequence generation, three had high risk, and the remaining had unclear risk.
“Six RCTs indicated the method for random sequence generation was low risk [29, 34, 44, 47, 48, 52], three other studies indicated high risk [21, 41, 53], and the remaining studies have unclear risk of bias.”
From Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- de Oliveira, P. A., Kovacs, C., Moreira, P., Magnoni, D., Saleh, M. H., & Faintuch, J.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (BR)
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Obesity Surgery
- Published
- 2017-05-03
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2663-2671
- ISSN
- 0960-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2610809784
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- unsaturated fatty acids, atherosclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Plant Oils, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Dietary Supplements, Overweight, Atherosclerosis, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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