Cited by 201Dermatology and Skin DiseasesContact Dermatitis and AllergiesAdvancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Skin Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis

Open access

Agrawal, Rachana, Woodfolk, Judith A.·2014·Current Allergy and Asthma Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11882-014-0433-9PMC PMC4034059

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with complex etiology that is dependent upon interactions between the host and the environment. Acute skin lesions exhibit the features of a Th2-driven inflammatory disorder, and many patients are highly atopic. The skin barrier plays key roles in immune surveillance and homeostasis, and in preventing penetration of microbial products and allergens. Defects that compromise the structural integrity or else the immune function of the skin barrier play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. This article provides an overview of the array of molecular building blocks that are essential to maintaining healthy skin. The basis for structural defects in the skin is discussed in relation to AD, with an emphasis on filaggrin and its genetic underpinnings. Aspects of innate immunity, including the role of antimicrobial peptides and proteases, are also discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11882-014-0433-9

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis
Palmer, C. N. A., Irvine, A. D., Terron-Kwiatkowski, A., Zhao, Y., Liao, H., Lee, S. P., Goudie, D. R., Sandilands, A., Campbell, L. E., Smith, F. J. D., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1767 · Cited by 2,978
Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell–mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP
Soumelis, V., Reche, P. A., Kanzler, H., Yuan, W., Edward, G., Homey, B., Gilliet, M. F., Ho, S., Antonenko, S. V., Lauerma, A., et al. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni805 · Cited by 2,221
Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides and Skin Infections in Atopic Dermatitis
Ong, P. Y., Ohtake, T., Brandt, C., Strickland, I., Boguniewicz, M., Ganz, T., Gallo, R. L., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021481 · Cited by 1,960
Filaggrin Mutations Associated with Skin and Allergic Diseases
Irvine, A. D., McLean, W. H. I., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1011040 · Cited by 1,217
Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression
Howell, M. D., Kim, B. E., Gao, P., Grant, A. V., Boguniewicz, M., DeBenedetto, A., Schneider, L., Beck, L. A., Barnes, K. C., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2007) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.031 · Cited by 1,084
Decreased Level of Ceramides in Stratum Corneum of Atopic Dermatitis: An Etiologic Factor in Atopic Dry Skin?
Imokawa, G., Abe, A., Jin, K., Higaki, Y., Kawashima, M., & Hidano, A. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 · Cited by 1,040
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris
Smith, F. J. D., Irvine, A. D., Terron-Kwiatkowski, A., Sandilands, A., Campbell, L., Zhao, Y., Liao, H., Evans, A. T., Goudie, D. R., Lewis‐Jones, S., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1743 · Cited by 1,026
Mutations in SPINK5, encoding a serine protease inhibitor, cause Netherton syndrome
Chavanas, S., Bodemer, C., Rochat, A., Hamel‐Teillac, D., Ali, M., Irvine, A. D., Bonafé, J., WILKINSON, J. D., Taı̈eb, A., Barrandon, Y., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75977 · Cited by 851
γ-Secretase-mediated proteolysis in cell-surface-receptor signalling
Fortini, M. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm910 · Cited by 827
Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions
Wan, H., Winton, H. L., Soeller, C., Tovey, E. R., Gruenert, D. C., Thompson, P. J., Stewart, G. A., Taylor, G. W., Garrod, D. R., Cannell, M. B., et al. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci5844 · Cited by 775
Tight junctions/adherens junctions: basic structure and function
Niessen, C. M. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700865 · Cited by 756
Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis
Benedetto, A. D., Rafaels, N. M., McGirt, L. Y., Ivanov, A. I., Georas, S. N., Cheadle, C., Berger, A. E., Zhang, K., Vidyasagar, S., Yoshida, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.018 · Cited by 750
Cytokine Milieu of Atopic Dermatitis, as Compared to Psoriasis, Skin Prevents Induction of Innate Immune Response Genes
Nomura, I., Goleva, E., Howell, M. D., Hamid, Q., Ong, P. Y., Hall, C. F., Darst, M. A., Gao, B., Boguniewicz, M., Travers, J. B., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3262 · Cited by 729
Eczema Prevalence in the United States: Data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health
Shaw, T., Currie, G. P., Koudelka, C. W., & Simpson, E. L. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.251 · Cited by 721
Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Mediates Itch: A Novel Pathway for Pruritus in Human Skin
Steinhoff, M. S., Neisius, U., Ikoma, A., Fartasch, M., Heyer, G., Skov, P. S., Luger, T. A., & Schmelz, M. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-15-06176.2003 · Cited by 652
Loss-of-function variations within the filaggrin gene predispose for atopic dermatitis with allergic sensitizations
Weidinger, S., Illig, T., Baurecht, H., Irvine, A. D., Rodríguez, E., Diaz-Lacava, A. N., Klopp, N., Wagenpfeil, S., Zhao, Y., Liao, H., et al. (2006) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.004 · Cited by 619
Adult eczema prevalence and associations with asthma and other health and demographic factors: A US population–based study
Silverberg, J. I., & Hanifin, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.031 · Cited by 609
Loricrin and involucrin expression is down-regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6
Kim, B. E., Leung, D. Y. M., Boguniewicz, M., & Howell, M. D. (2008) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.006 · Cited by 538
Kallikrein 5 induces atopic dermatitis–like lesions through PAR2-mediated thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in Netherton syndrome
Briot, A., Deraison, C., Lacroix, M., Bonnart, C., Robin, A., Besson, C., Dubus, P., & Hovnanian, A. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20082242 · Cited by 504
External antigen uptake by Langerhans cells with reorganization of epidermal tight junction barriers
Kubo, A., Nagao, K., Yokouchi, M., Sasaki, H., & Amagai, M. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20091527 · Cited by 491
Increase in short-chain ceramides correlates with an altered lipid organization and decreased barrier function in atopic eczema patients
Janssens, M., van Smeden, J., Gooris, G. S., Bras, W., Portale, G., Caspers, P. J., Vreeken, R. J., Hankemeier, T., Kezic, S., Wolterbeek, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p030338 · Cited by 488
Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Nardo, A. D. (1998) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.1080/00015559850135788 · Cited by 483
Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression
Howell, M. D., Kim, B. E., Gao, P., Grant, A. V., Boguniewicz, M., DeBenedetto, A., Schneider, L. C., Beck, L. A., Barnes, K. C., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.012 · Cited by 480
A homozygous frameshift mutation in the mouse Flg gene facilitates enhanced percutaneous allergen priming
Fallon, P. G., Sasaki, T., Sandilands, A., Campbell, L., Saunders, S. P., Mangan, N. E., Callanan, J. J., Kawasaki, H., Shiohama, A., Kubo, A., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.358 · Cited by 468
Immune mechanisms leading to atopic dermatitis
Novak, N., Bieber, T. R. M., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2003) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.032 · Cited by 411
Gene polymorphism in Netherton and common atopic disease
Walley, A. J., Chavanas, S., Moffatt, M. F., Esnouf, R. M., Ubhi, B., Lawrence, R., Wong, K., Abecasis, G. R., Jones, E. Y., Harper, J. I., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng728 · Cited by 399
Changes in the Ceramide Profile of Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Ishikawa, J., Narita, H., Kondo, N., Hotta, M., Takagi, Y., Masukawa, Y., Kitahara, T., Takema, Y., Koyano, S., Yamazaki, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.161 · Cited by 372
The burden of disease associated with filaggrin mutations: A population-based, longitudinal birth cohort study
Henderson, J., Northstone, K., Lee, S. P., Liao, H., Zhao, Y., Pembrey, M. E., Mukhopadhyay, S., Smith, G. D., Palmer, C. N. A., McLean, W. H. I., et al. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.01.026 · Cited by 352
Null Mutations in the Filaggrin Gene (FLG) Determine Major Susceptibility to Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis that Persists into Adulthood
Barker, J. N. W. N., Palmer, C. N. A., Zhao, Y., Liao, H., Hull, P. R., Lee, S. P., Allen, M. H., Meggitt, S. J., Reynolds, N. J., Trembath, R. C., et al. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700587 · Cited by 346
Cytokine Milieu of Atopic Dermatitis Skin Subverts the Innate Immune Response to Vaccinia Virus
Howell, M. D., Gallo, R. L., Boguniewicz, M., Jones, J. F., Wong, C., Streib, J. E., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.02.006 · Cited by 336
Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Filaggrin Gene Lead to Reduced Level of Natural Moisturizing Factor in the Stratum Corneum
Kežić, S., Kemperman, P. M. J. H., Koster, E. S., de Jongh, C. M., Thio, H. B., Campbell, L., Irvine, A. D., McLean, W. H. I., Puppels, G. J., & Caspers, P. J. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.29 · Cited by 325
A common variant on chromosome 11q13 is associated with atopic dermatitis
Esparza-Gordillo, J., Weidinger, S., Fölster-Holst, R., Bauerfeind, A., Ruschendorf, F., Patone, G., Rohde, K., Marenholz, I., Schulz, F., Kerscher, T., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.347 · Cited by 317
Altered stratum corneum barrier and enhanced percutaneous immune responses in filaggrin-null mice
Kawasaki, H., Nagao, K., Kubo, A., Hata, T., Shimizu, A., Mizuno, H., Yamada, T., & Amagai, M. (2012) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.068 · Cited by 301
Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Identification of a Defect in Synthesis of Filaggrin Correlated with an Absence of Keratohyaline Granules
Sybert, V. P., Dale, B. A., & Holbrook, K. A. (1985) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12264813 · Cited by 295
Levels of filaggrin degradation products are influenced by both filaggrin genotype and atopic dermatitis severity
Kezic, S., O’Regan, G. M., Yau, N., Sandilands, A., Chen, H., Campbell, L. E., Kroboth, K., Watson, R., Rowland, M., Irwin McLean, W. H., et al. (2011) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02540.x · Cited by 295
IL-31 regulates differentiation and filaggrin expression in human organotypic skin models
Cornelissen, C., Marquardt, Y., Czaja, K., Wenzel, J., Frank, J., Lüscher‐Firzlaff, J., Lüscher, B., & Baron, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.042 · Cited by 293
Knockdown of Filaggrin Impairs Diffusion Barrier Function and Increases UV Sensitivity in a Human Skin Model
Mildner, M., Jin, J., Eckhart, L., Kežić, S., Грубер, Ф., Barresi, C., Stremnitzer, C., Buchberger, M., Mlitz, V., Ballaun, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.115 · Cited by 288
Filaggrin deficiency confers a paracellular barrier abnormality that reduces inflammatory thresholds to irritants and haptens
Scharschmidt, T. C., Man, M., Hatano, Y., Crumrine, D. A., Gunathilake, R., Sundberg, J. P., Silva, K. A., Mauro, T. M., Hupe, M., Cho, S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.046 · Cited by 287
Cathelicidin deficiency predisposes to eczema herpeticum
HOWELL, M., Wollenberg, A., Gallo, R. L., Flaig, M. J., Streib, J. E., Wong, C., Pavicic, T., Boguniewicz, M., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2006) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1345 · Cited by 279
Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are associated with enhanced expression of IL-1 cytokines in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis and in a murine model of filaggrin deficiency
Kežić, S., O’Regan, G. M., Lutter, R., Jakaša, I., Koster, E. S., Saunders, S. P., Caspers, P. J., Kemperman, P. M. J. H., Puppels, G. J., Sandilands, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.989 · Cited by 276
Deficiency of Dermcidin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides in Sweat of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Correlates with an Impaired Innate Defense of Human Skin In Vivo
Rieg, S., Steffen, H., Seeber, S., Humeny, A., Kalbacher, H., Dietz, K., Garbe, C., & Schittek, B. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8003 · Cited by 274
Cutaneous Defense Mechanisms by Antimicrobial Peptides
Braff, M. H., Bardan, A., Nizet, V., & Gallo, R. L. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23587.x · Cited by 273
Basophil recruitment and activation in inflammatory skin diseases
Ito, Y., Satoh, T., Takayama, K., Miyagishi, C., Walls, A. F., & Yokozeki, H. (2011) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02570.x · Cited by 272
Broad defects in epidermal cornification in atopic dermatitis identified through genomic analysis
Guttman-Yassky, E., Suárez-Fariñas, M., Chiricozzi, A., Nograles, K. E., Shemer, A., Fuentes-Duculan, J., Cardinale, I., Lin, P., Bergman, R., Bowcock, A. M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.031 · Cited by 268
Enhanced Expression and Secretion of Antimicrobial Peptides in Atopic Dermatitis and after Superficial Skin Injury
Harder, J., Dressel, S., Wittersheim, M., Cordes, J., Meyer‐Hoffert, U., Mrowietz, U., Fölster‐Holst, R., Proksch, E., Schröder, J., Schwarz, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2009.432 · Cited by 264
Filaggrin Mutations Strongly Predispose to Early-Onset and Extrinsic Atopic Dermatitis
Weidinger, S., Rodríguez, E., Stahl, C., Wagenpfeil, S., Klopp, N., Illig, T., & Novak, N. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700630 · Cited by 254
Filaggrin-deficient mice exhibit TH17-dominated skin inflammation and permissiveness to epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen
Oyoshi, M. K., Murphy, G. F., & Geha, R. S. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.042 · Cited by 245
Prevalent and Rare Mutations in the Gene Encoding Filaggrin Cause Ichthyosis Vulgaris and Predispose Individuals to Atopic Dermatitis
Sandilands, A., O’Regan, G. M., Liao, H., Zhao, Y., Terron-Kwiatkowski, A., Watson, R. M., Cassidy, A., Goudie, D. R., Smith, F. J. D., McLean, W. H. I., et al. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700459 · Cited by 240
Defects of filaggrin-like proteins in both lesional and nonlesional atopic skin
Pellerin, L., Henry, J., Hsu, C.-Y., Balica, S., Jean-Decoster, C., Méchin, M.-C., Hansmann, B., Rodriguez, E., Weindinger, S., Schmitt, A.-M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1566 · Cited by 239
IL‐17 downregulates filaggrin and affects keratinocyte expression of genes associated with cellular adhesion
Gutowska‐Owsiak, D., Schaupp, A., Salimi, M., Selvakumar, T. A., McPherson, T., Taylor, S., & Ogg, G. S. (2011) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01412.x · Cited by 235
Filaggrin Genotype in Ichthyosis Vulgaris Predicts Abnormalities in Epidermal Structure and Function
Gruber, R. W., Elias, P. M., Crumrine, D. A., Lin, T.-K., Brandner, J. M., Hachem, J. P., Presland, R. B., Fleckman, P. H., Janecke, A., Sandilands, A., et al. (2011) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.053 · Cited by 234
High-Expression of Sphingomyelin Deacylase is an Important Determinant of Ceramide Deficiency Leading to Barrier Disruption in Atopic Dermatitis1
Hara, J., Higuchi, K., Okamoto, R., Kawashima, M., & Imokawa, G. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00072.x · Cited by 229
Caspase-14 Is Required for Filaggrin Degradation to Natural Moisturizing Factors in the Skin
Hoste, E., Kemperman, P. M. J. H., Devos, M., Denecker, G., Kežić, S., Yau, N. L. H., Gilbert, B., Lippens, S., Groote, P. D., Roelandt, R., et al. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.153 · Cited by 222
IL-25 in Atopic Dermatitis: A Possible Link between Inflammation and Skin Barrier Dysfunction?
Hvid, M., Vestergaard, C., Kemp, K., Christensen, G. B., Deleuran, B. W., & Deleuran, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.277 · Cited by 220
The Antimicrobial Protein Psoriasin (S100A7) Is Upregulated in Atopic Dermatitis and after Experimental Skin Barrier Disruption
Gläser, R., Meyer‐Hoffert, U., Harder, J., Cordes, J., Wittersheim, M., Kobliakova, J., Fölster‐Holst, R., Proksch, E., Schröder, J., & Schwarz, T. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.268 · Cited by 217
Intragenic Copy Number Variation within Filaggrin Contributes to the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis with a Dose-Dependent Effect
Brown, S., Kroboth, K., Sandilands, A., Campbell, L., Pöhler, E., Kežić, S., Cordell, H. J., McLean, W. H. I., & Irvine, A. D. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.342 · Cited by 213
Mechanism of HBD-3 deficiency in atopic dermatitis
Howell, M. D., Boguniewicz, M., Pastore, S., Novak, N., Bieber, T., Girolomoni, G., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2006) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.008 · Cited by 208
Human tissue kallikrein expression in the stratum corneum and serum of atopic dermatitis patients
Komatsu, N., Saijoh, K., Kuk, C., Liu, C. A., Khan, S., Shirasaki, F., Takehara, K., & Diamandis, E. P. (2007) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00562.x · Cited by 204
Interleukin-10 Downregulates Anti-Microbial Peptide Expression in Atopic Dermatitis
Howell, M. D., Novak, N., Bieber, T., Pastore, S., Girolomoni, G., Boguniewicz, M., Streib, J., Wong, C., Gallo, R. L., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23776.x · Cited by 193
Clinical Severity Correlates with Impaired Barrier in Filaggrin-Related Eczema
Nemoto‐Hasebe, I., Akiyama, M., Nomura, T., Sandilands, A., McLean, W. H. I., & Shimizu, H. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.280 · Cited by 180
Increased stratum corneum serine protease activity in acute eczematous atopic skin
Voegeli, R., Rawlings, A. V., Breternitz, M., Doppler, S., Schreier, T., & Fluhr, J. W. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09142.x · Cited by 177
Filaggrin-2 variation is associated with more persistent atopic dermatitis in African American subjects
Margolis, D. J., Gupta, J., Apter, A. J., Ganguly, T., Hoffstad, O., Papadopoulos, M., Rebbeck, T. R., & Mitra, N. (2014) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.015 · Cited by 175
Decreased expression of filaggrin in atopic skin
Seguchi, T., Chang-Yi, C., Kusuda, S., Takahashi, M., Aisu, K., & Tezuka, T. (1996) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/bf02505232 · Cited by 175
Histamine suppresses epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and impairs skin barrier function in a human skin model
Gschwandtner, M., Mildner, M., Mlitz, V., Грубер, Ф., Eckhart, L., Werfel, T., Gutzmer, R., Elias, P. M., & Tschachler, E. (2012) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.12051 · Cited by 174
Interleukin-22 downregulates filaggrin expression and affects expression of profilaggrin processing enzymes: IL-22 affects filaggrin expression at multiple levels
Gutowska-Owsiak, D., Schaupp, A. L., Salimi, M., Taylor, S., & Ogg, G. S. (2011) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10400.x · Cited by 168
Genetic Association Between an AACC Insertion in the 3′UTR of the Stratum Corneum Chymotryptic Enzyme Gene and Atopic Dermatitis
Vasilopoulos, Y., Cork, M. J., Murphy, R., Williams, H. C., Robinson, D. A., Duff, G. W., Ward, S. J., & Tazi‐Ahnini, R. (2004) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22708.x · Cited by 166
Mechanisms of IFN-γ–induced apoptosis of human skin keratinocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis
Rebane, A., Zimmermann, M., Aab, A., Baurecht, H., Koreck, A., Karelson, M., Abram, K., Metsalu, T., Pihlap, M., Meyer, N., et al. (2012) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.020 · Cited by 162
Barriers and more: functions of tight junction proteins in the skin
Kirschner, N., & Brandner, J. M. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06554.x · Cited by 158
Wide spectrum of filaggrin-null mutations in atopic dermatitis highlights differences between Singaporean Chinese and European populations
Chen, H.-W., Common, J., Haines, R. L., Balakrishnan, A., Brown, S., Goh, C. S. M., Cordell, H. J., Sandilands, A., Campbell, L., Kroboth, K., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10331.x · Cited by 152
Raman profiles of the stratum corneum define 3 filaggrin genotype–determined atopic dermatitis endophenotypes
O’Regan, G. M., Kemperman, P. M. J. H., Sandilands, A., Chen, H., Campbell, L. E., Kroboth, K., Watson, R., Rowland, M., Puppels, G. J., McLean, W. H. I., et al. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.038 · Cited by 148
Mice deficient in involucrin, envoplakin, and periplakin have a defective epidermal barrier
Sevilla, L. M., Nachat, R., Groot, K. R., Klement, J. F., Uitto, J., Djian, P., Määttå, A., & Watt, F. M. (2007) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200706187 · Cited by 147
Interferon-γ Decreases Ceramides with Long-Chain Fatty Acids: Possible Involvement in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis
Tawada, C., Kanoh, H., Nakamura, M., Mizutani, Y., Fujisawa, T., Banno, Y., & Seishima, M. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.364 · Cited by 140
Filaggrin mutations in the onset of eczema, sensitization, asthma, hay fever and the interaction with cat exposure
Schuttelaar, M. L. A., Kerkhof, M., Jonkman, M. F., Koppelman, G. H., Brunekreef, B., de Jongste, J. C., Wijga, A. H., McLean, W. H. I., & Postma, D. S. (2009) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02080.x · Cited by 138
Multiple tissue kallikrein mRNA and protein expression in normal skin and skin diseases
Komatsu, N., Saijoh, K., Toyama, T., Ohka, R., Otsuki, N., Hussack, G., Takehara, K., & Diamandis, E. P. (2005) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06754.x · Cited by 136
Defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis is associated with reduced mobilization of human β-defensin-3
Kisich, K. O., Carspecken, C. W., Fiévé, S., Boguniewicz, M., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.022 · Cited by 136
Analysis of SPINK 5, KLK 7 and FLG Genotypes in a French Atopic Dermatitis Cohort
Hubiche, T., Ged, C., Bénard, A., Léauté-Labrèze, C., McElreavey, K., de Verneuil, H., Taı̈eb, A., & Boralévi, F. (2007) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-0329 · Cited by 132
Comparative proteomic profiling of patients with atopic dermatitis based on history of eczema herpeticum infection and Staphylococcus aureus colonization
Broccardo, C. J., Mahaffey, S. B., Schwarz, J., Wruck, L. M., David, G. L., Schlievert, P. M., Reisdorph, N. A., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.033 · Cited by 132
Agonists of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Stimulate Upregulation of Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Primary Human Keratinocytes via Activation of NF-kappa B
Buddenkotte, J., Stroh, C., Engels, I. H., Moormann, C., Shpacovitch, V. M., Seeliger, S., Vergnolle, N., Vestweber, D., Luger, T. A., Schulze‐Osthoff, K., et al. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23539.x · Cited by 130
Filaggrin Deficiency Leads to Impaired Lipid Profile and Altered Acidification Pathways in a 3D Skin Construct
Vávrová, K., Henkes, D., Strüver, K., Sochorová, M., Školová, B., Witting, M., Frieß, W., Schreml, S., Meier, R. J., Schäfer‐Korting, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.402 · Cited by 125
Regulation of epidermal tight-junctions (TJ) during infection with exfoliative toxin-negative Staphylococcus strains
Ohnemus, U., Kohrmeyer, K., Houdek, P., Rohde, H., Wladykowski, E., Vidal, S., Horstkotte, M. A., Aepfelbacher, M., Kirschner, N., Behne, M. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701070 · Cited by 124
Sensitization via Healthy Skin Programs Th2 Responses in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis
Newell, L., Polak, M. E., Perera, J., Owen, C. L., Boyd, P., Pickard, C., Howarth, P. H., Healy, E., Holloway, J. W., Friedmann, P. S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.148 · Cited by 123
Differential mRNA Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins in Atopic Dermatitis as Compared to Psoriasis Vulgaris and Healthy Skin
Gambichler, T., Skrygan, M., Tomi, N. S., Othlinghaus, N., Brockmeyer, N. H., Altmeyer, P. J., & Kreuter, A. (2008) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000128582 · Cited by 120
Prevalent and Low-Frequency Null Mutations in the Filaggrin Gene Are Associated with Early-Onset and Persistent Atopic Eczema
Brown, S., Sandilands, A., Zhao, Y., Liao, H., Relton, C. L., Meggitt, S. J., Trembath, R. C., Barker, J. N. W. N., Reynolds, N. J., Cordell, H. J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701206 · Cited by 117
Par2 Inactivation Inhibits Early Production of TSLP, but Not Cutaneous Inflammation, in Netherton Syndrome Adult Mouse Model
Briot, A., Lacroix, M., Robin, A., Steinhoff, M. S., Deraison, C., & Hovnanian, A. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.233 · Cited by 111
Reductions in claudin-1 may enhance susceptibility to herpes simplex virus 1 infections in atopic dermatitis
Benedetto, A. D., Slifka, M. K., Rafaels, N. M., Kuo, I., Georas, S. N., Boguniewicz, M., Hata, T. R., Schneider, L. C., Hanifin, J. M., Gallo, R. L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.014 · Cited by 104
Protease Activity Enhances Production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Basophil Accumulation in Flaky Tail Mice
Moniaga, C. S., Jeong, S. K., Egawa, G., Nakajima, S., Hara‐Chikuma, M., Jeon, J. E., Lee, S. H., Hibino, T., Miyachi, Y., & Kabashima, K. (2013) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.039 · Cited by 102
TH2 cytokines increase kallikrein 7 expression and function in patients with atopic dermatitis
Morizane, S., Yamasaki, K., Kajita, A., Ikeda, K., Zhan, M., Aoyama, Y., Gallo, R. L., & Iwatsuki, K. (2012) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.006 · Cited by 101
Th1 cytokines accentuate but Th2 cytokines attenuate ceramide production in the stratum corneum of human epidermal equivalents: an implication for the disrupted barrier mechanism in atopic dermatitis
Sawada, E., Yoshida, N., Sugiura, A., & Imokawa, G. (2012) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.07.004 · Cited by 95
SPINK5 polymorphism is associated with disease severity and food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis
Kusunoki, T., Okafuji, I., Yoshioka, T., Saito, M. K., Nishikomori, R., Heike, T., Sugai, M., Shimizu, A., & Nakahata, T. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1114 · Cited by 91
History of eczema herpeticum is associated with the inability to induce human β-defensin (HBD)-2, HBD-3 and cathelicidin in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Hata, T., Kotol, P. F., Boguniewicz, M., Taylor, P. A., Paik, A. J., Jackson, M., Nguyen, M., Kabigting, F. D., Miller, J., Gerber, M., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09892.x · Cited by 91
Association of Cathepsin E Deficiency with Development of Atopic Dermatitis
Tsukuba, T. (2003) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/jb/mvg216 · Cited by 90
A possible mechanism underlying the ceramide deficiency in atopic dermatitis: Expression of a deacylase enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide
Imokawa, G. (2009) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.04.006 · Cited by 89
Regulation of caspase 14 expression in keratinocytes by inflammatory cytokines - a possible link between reduced skin barrier function and inflammation?
Hvid, M., Johansen, C., Deleuran, B. W., Kemp, K., Deleuran, M. S., & Vestergaard, C. (2011) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01280.x · Cited by 84
DNA methylation of the filaggrin gene adds to the risk of eczema associated with loss‐of‐function variants
Ziyab, A. H., Karmaus, W., Holloway, J. W., Zhang, H., Ewart, S., & Arshad, S. H. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12000 · Cited by 84
Analysis of the individual and aggregate genetic contributions of previously identified serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5), kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), and filaggrin (FLG) polymorphisms to eczema risk
Weidinger, S., Baurecht, H., Wagenpfeil, S., Henderson, J., Novak, N., Sandilands, A., Chen, H., Rodríguez, E., O’Regan, G. M., Watson, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.05.050 · Cited by 84
Mechanisms of tolerance induction in allergic disease: integrating current and emerging concepts
Wiśniewski, J., Agrawal, R., & Woodfolk, J. A. (2012) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12016 · Cited by 80
Self-citation
Sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in relation to age and wheeze among children with atopic dermatitis
Wiśniewski, J., Agrawal, R., Minnicozzi, S., Xin, W., Patrie, J. T., Heymann, P. W., Workman, L., Platts‐Mills, T. A. E., Song, T. W., Moloney, M., et al. (2013) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12169 · Cited by 77
Self-citation
IL-25 Enhances HSV-1 Replication by Inhibiting Filaggrin Expression, and Acts Synergistically with Th2 Cytokines to Enhance HSV-1 Replication
Kim, B. E., Bin, L., Ye, Y., Ramamoorthy, P., & Leung, D. Y. M. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.223 · Cited by 74
Enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in lesional skin of adults with atopic eczema
Ballardini, N., Johansson, C., Lilja, G., Lindh, M., Linde, Y., Scheynius, A., & Agerberth, B. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09095.x · Cited by 73
Overexpression of Cathepsin S Induces Chronic Atopic Dermatitis in Mice
Kim, N., Bae, K. B., Kim, M. O., Yu, D. H., Kim, H. J., Yuh, H. S., Ji, Y. R., Park, S. J., Kim, S., Son, K.-H., et al. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.404 · Cited by 68
Association of β-Defensin 1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis
de, E. P. M., García‐Vargas, A., Lozano-Inocencio, R., Gallegos‐Arreola, M. P., Sandoval-Ramı́rez, L., Dávalos-Rodríguez, N. O., & Figuera, L. E. (2006) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000097023 · Cited by 66
Chromosome 11q13.5 variant associated with childhood eczema: An effect supplementary to filaggrin mutations
O’Regan, G. M., Campbell, L., Cordell, H. J., Irvine, A. D., McLean, W. H. I., & Brown, S. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.046 · Cited by 64
Decrease of Ceramides with Very Long–Chain Fatty Acids and Downregulation of Elongases in a Murine Atopic Dermatitis Model
Park, Y.-H., Jang, W.-H., Seo, J. A., Park, M., Lee, T. R., Park, Y.-H., Kim, D. K., & Lim, K. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.333 · Cited by 61
Recombinant Filaggrin Is Internalized and Processed to Correct Filaggrin Deficiency
Stout, T. E., McFarland, T. J., Mitchell, J. C., Appukuttan, B., & Stout, J. T. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.284 · Cited by 56
The barrier function in atopic dry skin. Disturbance of membrane-coating granule exocytosis and formation of epidermal lipids?
Fartasch, M., & Diepgen, T. L. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 56
Combined occurrence of filaggrin mutations and IL-10 or IL-13 polymorphisms predisposes to atopic dermatitis
Lesiak, A., Kuna, P., Zakrzewski, M., van Geel, M., Bladergroen, R. S., Przybyłowska, K., Stelmach, I., Majak, P., Hawro, T., Sysa‐Jędrzejowska, A., et al. (2011) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01243.x · Cited by 56
Lack of association of SPINK5 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic atopic dermatitis in the population of Northern Germany
Fölster‐Holst, R., Stoll, M., Koch, W. A., Hampe, J., Christophers, E., & Schreiber, S. (2005) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06602.x · Cited by 55
Knock‐down of filaggrin does not affect lipid organization and composition in stratum corneum of reconstructed human skin equivalents
van Drongelen, V., Alloul‐Ramdhani, M., Danso, M. O., Mieremet, A., Mulder, A. A., van Smeden, J., Bouwstra, J. A., & Ghalbzouri, A. E. (2013) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.12271 · Cited by 53
Microanalysis of an antimicrobial peptide, β-defensin-2, in the stratum corneum from patients with atopic dermatitis
Asano, S., Ichikawa, Y., Kumagai, T., Kawashima, M., & Imokawa, G. (2008) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08613.x · Cited by 52
Membrane-coating granules in "dry" non-eczematous skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. A quantitative electron microscopic study
Werner, Y., Lindberg, M., & Forslind, B. (1987) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/0001555567385390 · Cited by 48
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and the haplotype in the DEFB1 gene are associated with atopic dermatitis in a Korean population
Kim, E., Lee, J.-E., Namkung, J., Kim, P.-S., Kim, S., Shin, E., Cho, E.-Y., & Yang, J. (2009) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.12.005 · Cited by 44
Interleukin‐33 modulates the expression of human β‐defensin 2 in human primary keratinocytes and may influence the susceptibility to bacterial superinfection in acute atopic dermatitis
Alase, A. A., Seltmann, J., Werfel, T., & Wittmann, M. (2012) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11140.x · Cited by 41
The cystatin M / E-controlled pathway of skin barrier formation: expression of its key components in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Cheng, T., Tjabringa, G. S., van Vlijmen‐Willems, I. M. J. J., Hitomi, K., van Erp, P. E. J., Schalkwijk, J., & Zeeuwen, P. L. J. M. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09156.x · Cited by 39
Localization of Sphingomyelinase in Lesional Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Kusuda, S., Chang-Yi, C., Takahashi, M., & Tezuka, T. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00370.x · Cited by 39
The relevance of microbial allergens to the IgE antibody repertoire in atopic and nonatopic eczema
Reefer, A. J., Satinover, S. M., Wilson, B. B., & Woodfolk, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.042 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Locus 1q21 Gene Expression Changes in Atopic Dermatitis Skin Lesions: Deregulation of Small Proline-Rich Region 1A
Jarząb, J., Filipowska, B., Żebracka, J., Kowalska, M., Bożek, A., Rachowska, R., Gubała, E., Grzanka, A., Hadas, E., & Jarząb, B. (2009) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000232568 · Cited by 33
Aberrant distribution patterns of corneodesmosomal components of tape-stripped corneocytes in atopic dermatitis and related skin conditions (ichthyosis vulgaris, Netherton syndrome and peeling skin syndrome type B)
Igawa, S., Kishibe, M., Honma, M., Murakami, M., Mizuno, Y., Suga, Y., Seishima, M., Ohguchi, Y., Akiyama, M., Hirose, K., et al. (2013) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.05.004 · Cited by 22
Electron diffraction study of lipids in non-lesional stratum corneum of atopic eczema patients
Janssens, M., Mulder, A. A., van Smeden, J., Pilgram, G. S. K., Wolterbeek, R., Lavrijsen, A. P. M., Koning, R. I., Koster, A. J., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.001 · Cited by 18

Sorted by citations

Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human skin identifies novel fibroblast subpopulation and enrichment of immune subsets in atopic dermatitis
He, H., Suryawanshi, H., Morozov, P. S., Gay-Mimbrera, J., DUCA, E. D., Kim, H. J., Kameyama, N., Estrada, Y. D., Der, E. B., Krueger, J. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.042 · Cited by 510
Novel concepts of prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis through barrier and immune manipulations with implications for the atopic march
Czarnowicki, T., Krueger, J. G., & Guttman‐Yassky, E. (2017) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.004 · Cited by 265
The skin microbiome of vertebrates
Stegelmeier, A. A., Hoffmann, A. R., & Neufeld, J. D. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0694-6 · Cited by 240
Identification of novel immune and barrier genes in atopic dermatitis by means of laser capture microdissection
Esaki, H., Ewald, D. A., Ungar, B., Rozenblit, M., Zheng, X., Xu, H., Estrada, Y. D., Peng, X., Mitsui, H., Litman, T., et al. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.037 · Cited by 220
Skin Barrier Damage and Itch: Review of Mechanisms, Topical Management and Future Directions
Yosipovitch, G., Misery, L., Proksch, E., Metz, M., Ständer, S., & Schmelz, M. (2019) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-3296 · Cited by 185

See all 201

Authors: Agrawal, R., & Woodfolk, J. A.
Affiliations: University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author: Woodfolk, Judith A.
ORCID: Woodfolk, Judith A.
Venue: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-03-16
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: 433-433
ISSN: 1529-7322 (ISSN-L)
1534-6315
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0433-9
PMC: PMC4034059
OpenAlex: W2070316318
Cited by: 201
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 12.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI052196)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR059058)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Keywords: atopic dermatitis, skin barrier, filaggrin, type 2 inflammation, innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides, proteolytic enzymes, skin barrier dysfunction, atopy, host-environment interactions
MeSH terms: Filaggrin Proteins, Animals, Dermatitis, Atopic, Humans, Lipid Bilayers, Peptide Hydrolases, Protease Inhibitors, Skin, Tight Junctions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Skin Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks