Evidenced-Based Nutrition for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Purpose of review To review the latest evidence for dietary interventions for treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Recent findings High-quality systematic reviews demonstrate no major advantages between the low-carbohydrate or calorie-restricted diets. However, the low glycemic index (GI) diet, characterized by intake of high-quality, complex carbohydrates, demonstrated lower insulin use and reduced risk of macrosomia in multiple reviews. Recent evidence suggests the Mediterranean diet is safe in pregnancy, though trials are needed to determine its efficacy over conventional dietary advice. Currently, there are insufficient data to support the safety of the ketogenic diet for the treatment of GDM. The low GI diet may improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in GDM. The liberalized carbohydrate intake is less restrictive, culturally adaptable, and may improve long-term maternal adherence. Further research is needed to establish the optimal, most sustainable, and most acceptable medical nutrition therapy for management of women with GDM.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Guidelines for daily caloric intake in women with GDM vary widely.
“Guidelines for daily caloric intake in women with GDM vary widely [57].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Cites
1 retracted
Estruch, R., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Corella, D., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Fitó, M., Chiva‐Blanch, G., Fiol, M., Gómez‐Gracia, E., Arós, F., Lapetra, J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30085-7 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
RetractedHyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0707943 · Cited by 5,563 · see citing works
International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1848 · Cited by 5,390 · see citing works
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M.-I., Corella, D., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1800389 · Cited by 3,616 · see citing works
Elective induction versus spontaneous labor after sonographic diagnosis of fetal macrosomia.
Combs, C. A., Singh, N. B., & Khoury, J. C. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 2,462 · see citing works
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes
Landon, M. B., Spong, C. Y., Thom, E., Carpenter, M. W., Ramin, S. M., Casey, B., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0902430 · Cited by 2,122 · see citing works
The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study
Catalano, P. M., McIntyre, H. D., Cruickshank, J. K., McCance, D. R., Dyer, A. R., Metzger, B. E., Lowe, L. P., Trimble, E. R., Coustan, D. R., Hadden, D. R., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1790 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
(2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.012 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Feinman, R. D., Pogozelski, W. K., Astrup, A., Bernstein, R. K., Fine, E. J., Westman, E. C., Accurso, A., Frassetto, L., Gower, B. A., McFarlane, S. I., et al. (2015) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.011 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
Salas-Salvadó, J., Bulló, M., Babio, N., Martínez-González, M. Á., Ibarrola-Jurado, N., Basora, J., Estruch, R., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1288 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnancy: normal compared with gestational diabetes mellitus
Butte, N. F. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1256s · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Food Choices and Diet Costs: an Economic Analysis,
Drewnowski, A., & Darmon, N. (2005) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.4.900 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Marques, M. M., Rutter, H., Oppert, J.-M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Lakerveld, J., & Brug, J. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0323-6 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Correlations between Antepartum Maternal Metabolism and Intelligence of Offspring
Rizzo, T., Metzger, B. E., Burns, W. J., & Burns, K. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199109263251303 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Augustin, L. S. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Jenkins, D. J. A., Willett, W. C., Astrup, A., Barclay, A. W., Björck, I., Brand-Miller, J. C., Brighenti, F., Buyken, A. E., et al. (2015) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.05.005 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy
Guariguata, L., Linnenkamp, U., Beagley, J., Whiting, D. R., & Cho, N. H. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.003 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Blumer, I., Hadar, E., Hadden, D. R., Jovanovič, L., Mestman, J. H., Murad, M. H., & Yogev, Y. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2465 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Sermer, M., Naylor, C. D., Gare, D. J., Kenshole, A. B., Ritchie, J. W. K., Farine, D., Cohen, H. R., McArthur, K., Holzapfel, S., Biringer, A. B., et al. (1995) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)90183-3 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Schaefer-Graf, U. M., Graf, K., Kulbacka, I., Kjos, S. L., Dudenhausen, J., Vetter, K., & Herrera, E. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0039 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model
Chen, C., Xu, X., & Yan, Y. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202183 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Hartling, L., Dryden, D. M., Guthrie, A., Muise, M., Vandermeer, B., & Donovan, L. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationFood Insecurity and Glycemic Control Among Low-Income Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Seligman, H. K., Jacobs, E. A., López, A., Tschann, J. M., & Fernández, A. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1627 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Thompson, D. M., Berger, H. M., Feig, D. S., Gagnon, R. J., Kader, T., Keely, E., Kozak, S. E., Ryan, E. A., Sermer, M., & Vinokuroff, C. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.044 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber Intake, Dietary Glycemic Load, and the Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Zhang, C., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0266 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Feig, D. S., Berger, H., Donovan, L., Godbout, A., Kader, T., Keely, E., & Sanghera, R. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.038 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citation13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018</i>
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-s013 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes mellitus: results from a survey of country prevalence and practices
Jiwani, A. Z., Marseille, E. A., Lohse, N., Damm, P., Hod, M., & Kahn, J. G. (2011) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2011.587921 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Percentage of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Attributable to Overweight and Obesity
Kim, S. Y., England, L., Wilson, H. G., Bish, C., Satten, G. A., & Dietz, P. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.172890 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Yamamoto, J. M., Kellett, J. E., Balsells, M., García-Patterson, A., Hadar, E., Solà, I., Gich, I., van der Beek, E. M., Castañeda-Gutiérrez, E., Heinonen, S., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0102 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationAssaf-Balut, C., García de la Torre, N., Durán, A., Fuentes, M., Bordiú, E., del Valle, L., Familiar, C., Ortolá, A., Jiménez, I., Herraiz, M. A., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185873 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Effect of a low-glycemic-index diet during pregnancy on obstetric outcomes
Moses, R. G., Luebcke, M., Davis, W. S., Coleman, K. J., Tapsell, L. C., Petocz, P., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.807 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Can a Low–Glycemic Index Diet Reduce the Need for Insulin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Moses, R. G., Barker, M., Winter, M., Petocz, P., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0007 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Viana, L. V., Gross, J. L., & Azevedo, M. J. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1530 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Han, S., Middleton, P., Shepherd, E. S., Ryswyk, E. V., & Crowther, C. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009275.pub3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Effects of Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients With Diet-Controlled Gestational Diabetes
Major, C. (1998) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00003-9 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Inadequate weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women: what is the effect on fetal growth?
Catalano, P. M., Mele, L., Landon, M. B., Ramin, S. M., Reddy, U. M., Casey, B., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.02.004 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Hernandez, T. L., Van Pelt, R. E., Anderson, M. A., Reece, M. S., Reynolds, R. M., de la Houssaye, B. A., Heerwagen, M., Donahoo, W. T., Daniels, L. J., Chartier-Logan, C., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0515 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Galván, C. A. G., Medellín Morales, A., Hg, T. S., Contreras, A. E. T., & Ovalle Berumen, F. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Louie, J. C. Y., Markovic, T., Perera, N., Foote, D., Petocz, P., Ross, G. P., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0985 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Diabetes and obesity in pregnancy
Simmons, D. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Peterson, C. M., & Jovanovic‐Peterson, L. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.s172 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A critical review of low‐carbohydrate diets in people with Type 2 diabetes
van Wyk, H. J., Davis, R. E., & Davies, J. S. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12964 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dietary manipulation as a primary treatment strategy for pregnancies complicated by diabetes.
Jovanovic‐Peterson, L., & Peterson, C. M. (1990) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720387 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Moreno-Castilla, C., Hernandez, M., Bergua, M., Alvarez, M. C., Arce, M. A., Rodriguez, K., Martinez-Alonso, M., Iglesias, M., Mateu, M., Santos, M. D., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2714 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hypocaloric diets and ketogenesis in the management of obese gestational diabetic women
Knopp, R. H., Magee, M. S., Raisys, V, Benedetti, T., & Bonet, B. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1991.10718184 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Rae, A. M., Bond, D., Evans, S. F., North, F., Roberman, B. D., & Walters, B. N. J. (2000) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb01172.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Effects of Intensive Antihypertensive Treatment on Chinese Hypertensive Patients Older Than 70 Years
Wei, Y. Q., Jin, Z., Shen, G., Zhao, X., Yang, W.-H., ye, Z., & Wang, J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12094 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Stress and Anxiety in Women With Gestational Diabetes During Dietary Management
Hui, A. L., Sevenhuysen, G. P., Harvey, D., & Salamon, E. A. (2014) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721714535991 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Diet, physical inactivity and the prevalence of constipation throughout and after pregnancy
Derbyshire, E. J., Davies, J., Costarelli, V., & Dettmar, P. W. (2006) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2006.00061.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy within and beyond gestational diabetes
Hernandez, T. L., Mande, A., & Barbour, L. A. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Role of Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Moreno-Castilla, C., Mauricio, D., & Hernández, M. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0717-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sussman, D., Ellegood, J., & Henkelman, R. M. (2013) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-198 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The ketogenic diet in disease and development
Barry, D., Ellul, S., Watters, L., Lee, D. J., Haluska, R. J., & White, R. (2018) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.04.005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hernandez, T. L., Sutherland, J. P., Wolfe, P., Allian-Sauer, M. U., Capell, W. H., Talley, N. D., Wyatt, H. R., Foster, G. D., Hill, J. O., & Eckel, R. H. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27909 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of a ketogenic diet during pregnancy on embryonic growth in the mouse
Sussman, D., van Eede, M., Wong, M. D., Adamson, S. L., & Henkelman, R. M. (2013) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-109 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ketoacidosis in diabetic pregnancy
Dalfrà, M. G., Burlina, S., Sartore, G., & Lapolla, A. (2015) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1107903 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Barr, S., Reeves, S., Sharp, K., & Jeanes, Y. M. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.347 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Glaser, N. S., Ngo, C. T., Anderson, S., Yuen, N., Trifu, A., & O’Donnell, M. E. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1286 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Assaf-Balut, C., de la Torre, N. G., Durán, A., Fuentes, M. E., Bordiú, E., del Valle, L., Valerio, J., Familiar, C., Jiménez, I., Herraiz, M. A., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000550 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Low–Glycemic Index Diets in the Management of Diabetes
Brand-Miller, J. C., Petocz, P., & Colagiuri, S. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3363 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Glycemic indices of various foods given to pregnant diabetic subjects.
Dr, L., Bar-Eyal, A., Voet, H., & Madar, Z. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cypryk, K., Kamińska, P., Kosiński, M., Pertyńska−Marczewska, M., & Lewiñski, A. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lessons learned from lifestyle prevention trials in gestational diabetes mellitus
Egan, A. M., & Simmons, D. S. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13772 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of unbalanced diets on cerebral glucose metabolism in the adult rat
Al‐Mudallal, A. S., Levin, B. E., Lust, W. D., & Harik, S. I. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.12.2261 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Food Choice Decision-Making by Women with Gestational Diabetes
Hui, A. L., Sevenhuysen, G. P., Harvey, D., & Salamon, E. A. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.263 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hernandez, T. L. (2016) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/diaspect.29.2.82 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
García‐Patterson, A., Balsells, M., Yamamoto, J. M., Kellett, J. E., Solà, I., Gich, I. J., van der Beek, E. M., Hadar, E., Castañeda‐Gutiérrez, E., Heinonen, S. T., et al. (2018) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-018-1238-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationElidottir, A. S., Halldorsson, T. I., Gunnarsdóttir, I., & Ramel, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156655 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Parrettini, S., Caroli, A., & Torlone, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.611929 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Scientific evidence underlying contraindications to the ketogenic diet: An update
Watanabe, M., Tuccinardi, D., Ernesti, I., Basciani, S., Mariani, S., Genco, A., Manfrini, S., Lubrano, C., & Gnessi, L. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13053 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
Mustad, V. A., Huynh, D. T. T., López-Pedrosa, J. M., Campoy, C., & Rueda, R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020385 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Zaragoza-Martí, A., Ruiz-Ródenas, N., Herranz-Chofre, I., Sánchez-SanSegundo, M., Serrano Delgado, V. D. L. C., & Hurtado-Sánchez, J. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.813942 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ali, A. M., & Kunugi, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249379 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nutrition Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Kapur, K., Kapur, A., & Hod, M. (2020) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000509900 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Igwesi-Chidobe, C. N., Okechi, P. C., Emmanuel, G. N., & Ozumba, B. C. (2022) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-022-02038-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lambert, V., Muñoz, S. E., Gil, C., & Román, M. D. (2023) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-023-00846-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Firman, C., Mellor, D. D., Unwin, D., & Brown, A. C. (2023) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-023-01492-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ali, A. M., & Kunugi, H. (2021) · BioMed · doi:10.3390/biomed1010002 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mavroeidi, I., Manta, A., Asimakopoulou, A., Syrigos, A., Paschou, S. Α., Vlachaki, E., Nastos, C., Kalantaridou, S., & Peppa, Μ. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16030399 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Obesity and Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Care and Clinical Practice
Poblete, J. A., & Olmos, P. R. (2020) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161118666200628142353 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. G., Huỳnh, N. K. T., & Nguyen, P. N. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195895 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cheong, L., Law, L. S.-C., Tan, L. Y. L., Amal, A. A.-A., Khoo, C. M., & Eng, P. C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071210 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Qiu, C., Chen, J., Lü, L., Xu, J., & Sheng, Z. (2021) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-021-00738-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lin, Q., Zhang, Z., Meng, Q., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, C., Wang, G., Qin, P., & Bo, Q. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.04.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cui, M., Li, X., Yang, C. G., Wang, L., Lu, L., Zhao, S.-L., Guo, Q., & Liu, P. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14020359 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Treating to Target Glycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Pregnancy
Yamamoto, J. M., & Murphy, H. R. (2022) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399818666220201111200 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus: Is it predictable and preventable?
Lim, P.-Q., Lai, Y.-J., Ling, P., & Chen, K.-H. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1693 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Martín-O’Connor, R., Ramos-Levi, A. M., Melero, V., Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez, M., Barabash, A., Valerio, J., del Valle, L., de Miguel, P., Díaz, J. Á., Familiar, C., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16142206 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gao, X. X., Zheng, Q. X., Chen, X. Q., Jiang, X. M., Liao, Y. P., Pan, Y. Q., Zou, J. J., & Liu, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1409025 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dietary patterns and birth outcomes of healthy Lebanese pregnant women
Papazian, T., Salameh, P., Tayeh, G. A., Kesrouani, A. K., Aoun, C., Diwan, M. A., & Khabbaz, L. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.977288 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kim, H.-J., Cho, E., & Shin, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168774 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Parrettini, S., Ranucci, L., Caroli, A., Bini, V., Calafiore, R., & Torlone, E. (2020) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Barnes, R. A., Morrison, M., Flack, J. R., Ross, G. P., Smart, C. E., Collins, C. E., & MacDonald‐Wicks, L. K. (2022) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.13013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Markussen, L. T., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Ashrafi, R. A., Heinonen, S. T., Koivusalo, S. B., & Meinilä, J. M. (2023) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00744-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gestational obesity: An unconventional endocrine disruptor for the fetus
Barrea, L., Vetrani, C., Verde, L., Frías-Toral, E., Garcia-Velasquez, E., Ranasinghe, P. D., Méndez, V., Jayawardena, R., Savastano, S., Colao, A., et al. (2022) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114974 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chen, L., Zhang, W., Fu, A., Zhou, L., & Zhang, S. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Prabakaran, N., Rajan, N., Chagalasetty, S., & Kakani, V. (2024) · Current Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.2174/0115734013297002240522063241 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Timing of eating and glycemic control during pregnancy: A systematic review
Boege, H. L., Park, C., Gagnier, R., & Deierlein, A. L. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104094 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kishimoto, M., Kato, R., & Oshiba, Y. (2020) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-020-00454-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Meloncelli, N. J. L., Wilkinson, S. A., & de Jersey, S. (2020) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722316 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xu, J., Wu, Y., Zou, Z., & Chen, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710726 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hu, Z., Chen, Q., Luo, M., Ren, Y., Xu, J., & Feng, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1142858 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mediterranean diets and diabetes
Dyson, P. A. (2021) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.2318 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, R., Han, W., Zheng, W., Xu, D., He, J., Yuan, X., Zhang, L., Tian, Z., & Li, G. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, J. Y., & Feng, L. (2025) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.2025.j001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Astragaloside IV alleviates GDM via regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolomic
Wang, F., Zhu, Y., Shu, H., Zhang, X., Duan, L., Man, D., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1431240 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kabaran, S. (2022) · Current Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.2174/1573401318666220328143217 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Markussen, L. T., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Ollikainen, M., Kytö, M., Heinonen, S. T., Koivusalo, S. B., & Meinilä, J. M. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-024-00988-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus
Артымук, Н. В., Новикова, О. Н., & Glazovskaya, O. V. (2023) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-3-116-123 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, X., Lan, Y. W., Li, N., Gao, J., Meng, D., & Miao, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29000 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, X., Kang, T., Cui, Z., Bo, Y., Liu, Y., Ullah, A., Suo, X., Chen, H., & Lyu, Q. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.6133/apjcn.202409_33(3).0013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Muriel, R. A. S. (2022) · doi:10.14201/gredos.149564 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rosenberg, E. A., Thaweethai, T., Soria‐Contreras, D. C., James, K. E., Kelty, E., AZEVEDO, R. L., Lassey, S. C., Nelson, S., Hsu, S. C., Garry, J., et al. (2025) · Pregnancy · doi:10.1002/pmf2.70182 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gupta, U. C., Gupta, S. C., & Gupta, S. S. (2022) · Current Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.2174/1573401318666220802103404 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dietary management of gestational diabetes: A review
Long, B.-Y., & Liang, X. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038715 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xu, J., Liu, H., Xie, Y., Ding, Y., Kong, D., & Yu, H. (2020) · International Conference on Public Health and Data Science (ICPHDS) · doi:10.1109/icphds51617.2020.00088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hygienic Analysis Of Morbidity Indicators Of Patients: On The Example Of The Endocrine System
Nizom, E. J., Ikhtiyor, A. U., Khosiyat, S. A., Mamlakat, R. T., Sanam, K. S., Rano, D. K., & Akromjon, S. R. (2023) · International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology · doi:10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.2846 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Igwesi-Chidobe, C. N., Okechi, P. C., Emmanuel, G. N., & Ozumba, B. C. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1715121/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Markussen, L. T., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Ashrafi, R. A., Heinonen, S. T., Koivusalo, S. B., & Meinilä, J. M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2502889/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutrizione e nutraceutica in donne con iperglicemia in gravidanza
Torlone, E., & Parrettini, S. (2020) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-020-00694-3
Gestationsdiabetes/Diabetes und Schwangerschaft/Kommunikation mit Migrantinnen
Barakat, A., & Jäger, H. (2020) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-020-00683-y
Miñarro, A. J. (2006) · Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)
(2020) · International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research · doi:10.30534/ijeter/2020/868102020
Nutrition in pregnancy with diabetes mellitus
Todorović, J., Dugalić, S., Macura, M., Gutić, B., Milinčić, M., Božić, D., Stojiljković, M., Sbutega-Filipović, O., & Gojnić-Dugalić, M. (2022) · SANAMED · doi:10.5937/sanamed0-40169
Geng, X.-R., Li, J., Zeng, Q., Xu, G., Jia, B., Wang, G.-J., Zhou, X., Zhang, D., & Li, F. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2817717/v1
Zhang, D. (2023) · Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health · doi:10.19080/jgwh.2023.24.556146
Epidemiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Yeşilkaya, B. Y. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119983347.ch16
Gestational Diabetes Diet: Alternative Approaches
Yılmaz, E., & Altuncevahir, İ. Ö. (2023) · Series of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.54178/jsedmv5i2005
Radhouen, G., Lahmadi, A., Laajili, O., Jemel, Y. M. M., Kandara, H., Chiboub, M., Mami, F. B., & Kammoun, I. (2023) · Education thérapeutique du patient - Therapeutic patient education · doi:10.1051/tpe/2024008
Diet and physical activity in pregnancy carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Molenda, K., Bochyński, K., Giżewska, K., Borodziuk, B., Borodziuk, F., Ciuba, K., Białogłowski, K., Dąbrowska, P., Żuber, M., & Dacka, M. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.18.53361
Han, X., Xu, N., Chen, S., Zhang, J., & Gu, P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319416
Markussen, L. T., Kivelä, J., Lindström, J., Ashrafi, R. A., Heinonen, S. T., Koivusalo, S. B., & Meinilä, J. M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23689439
Radwan, H. M., Saqan, R., Abdelrahim, D. N., Abbas, N., Hashim, M., Qiyas, S. A., Mousa, N. A., Mohammed, G., Issa, W. B., Awad, M., et al. (2026) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057261449111
Félix, B., Ibrahim, Z., Nunes, M. L., Pichel, F., Gomes, A. R. T., Mendonça, A. F., Chung, C.-F., Verdezoto, N. X., & Nunes, F. (2026) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3827603
Araújo, M. E. D. O., da Silva, A. G. A., de Souza, P. C., Carneiro, B. R., Lucena, A. M. D. S., dos Santos, A. I. M., Garcia, C. N. C., de Lima, L. V. P., Santos, C. M. D. A. M., & Ribeiro, K. D. D. S. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10593681/v1
- Authors
- Mahajan, A., Donovan, L. E., Vallee, R., & Yamamoto, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Yamamoto, Jennifer M.
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2019-08-31
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 94-94
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- OpenAlex
- W2971325773
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, dietary intervention, low glycemic index diet, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, caloric restriction, macrosomia, insulin use, maternal and neonatal outcomes, medical nutrition therapy, dietary adherence
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Female, Humans, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Glycemic Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
