Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Medical nutrition therapy based on the control of the amount and distribution of carbohydrates (CHO) is the initial treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing different dietary strategies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low-CHO diet for the treatment of GDM would lead to a lower rate of insulin treatment with similar pregnancy outcomes compared with a control diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 152 women with GDM were included in this open, randomized controlled trial and assigned to follow either a diet with low-CHO content (40% of the total diet energy content as CHO) or a control diet (55% of the total diet energy content as CHO). CHO intake was assessed by 3-day food records. The main pregnancy outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: The rate of women requiring insulin was not significantly different between the treatment groups (low CHO 54.7% vs. control 54.7%; P = 1). Daily food records confirmed a difference in the amount of CHO consumed between the groups (P = 0.0001). No differences were found in the obstetric and perinatal outcomes between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of women with GDM using a low-CHO diet did not reduce the number of women needing insulin and produced similar pregnancy outcomes. In GDM, CHO amount (40 vs. 55% of calories) did not influence insulin need or pregnancy outcomes.
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Later studies found no significant benefits in terms of insulin use, timing of insulin initiation, or pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM compared to normal carbohydrate intake.
“later studies found no significant benefits in terms of insulin use, timing of insulin initiation, or pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM compared to normal carbohydrate intake [74,75].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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BackgroundHigher Complex Carbohydrate Diets in Gestational Diabetes
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Nutrition Therapy for Pregnancy, Lactation, and Diabetes
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Background
- Authors
- Moreno-Castilla, C., Hernandez, M., Bergua, M., Alvarez, M. C., Arce, M. A., Rodriguez, K., Martinez-Alonso, M., Iglesias, M., Mateu, M., Santos, M. D., Pacheco, L. R., Blasco, Y., Martin, E., Balsells, N., Aranda, N., & Mauricio, D.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de Lleida (ES)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (ES)
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Unitat de Salut Publica i Nutricio, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2013-07-11
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2233-2238
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3714525
- OpenAlex
- W2047479024
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion)
- Repositori ObertUDL (University of Lleida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, low-carbohydrate diet, carbohydrate intake, insulin requirement, medical nutrition therapy, pregnancy outcomes, perinatal outcomes, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Insulin, Ketosis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Diabetes, Gestational, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
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