Exposure to the Saturated Free Fatty Acid Palmitate Alters BV-2 Microglia Inflammatory Response
Abstract
Elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma and increased incidence of chronic systemic inflammation are associated with obesity. In the brain, activated microglia are believed to play different roles during inflammation that may either be neuroprotective or promote neurodegeneration. Here, we have investigated the effects of FFAs on microglial response to inflammatory stimuli. Our results indicate that the saturated FFA palmitate on its own induces alternative activation of BV-2 microglia cells. Further, pre-exposure to palmitate changed the response of microglia to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that palmitate affects the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ is also affected by pre-exposure to palmitate. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of microglia was investigated using fluorescent beads. By analyzing the bead uptake by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we found that palmitate alone, as well as together with LPS, stimulated the phagocytic activity of microglia. Taken together, our results suggest that exposure of microglia to increased levels of free fatty acids may alter the consequences of classical inflammatory stimuli.
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Palmitate has anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells.
“has anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells [58, 80, 119].”
From Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain (2022) · cites this paper as [119]
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- Authors
- Tracy, L. M., Bergqvist, F., Ivanova, E. V., Jacobsen, K. T., & Iverfeldt, K.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Iverfeldt, Kerstin
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-07-25
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 805-812
- ISSN
- 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1166
- OpenAlex
- W2118974366
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- palmitate, free fatty acids, microglia, BV-2 cells, alternative activation, lipopolysaccharide, neuroinflammation, IL-1β, interleukin-6, C/EBPδ, phagocytosis, obesity, chronic systemic inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Lipopolysaccharides, Phagocytosis, RNA, Messenger, Cytokines, Microglia, Palmitic Acid, Mice, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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