Distinct metabolic patterns during microglial remodeling by oleate and palmitate

Chausse, Bruno; Kakimoto, Pamela A.; Caldeira-da-Silva, Camille C.; Chaves-Filho, Adriano B.; Yoshinaga, Marcos Y.; da Silva, Railmara Pereira; Miyamoto, Sayuri; Kowaltowski, Alicia J.

doi:10.1042/bsr20190072

Cited by 62Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsFatty Acid Research and HealthLipid metabolism and biosynthesis

Distinct metabolic patterns during microglial remodeling by oleate and palmitate

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Chausse, Bruno, Kakimoto, Pamela A., Caldeira-da-Silva, Camille C., Chaves-Filho, Adriano B., Yoshinaga, Marcos Y., da Silva, Railmara Pereira, Miyamoto, Sayuri, Kowaltowski, Alicia J.·2019·Bioscience Reports

DOI 10.1042/bsr20190072PMC PMC6449521

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Abstract

Microglial activation by oleate and palmitate differentially modulates brain inflammatory status. However, the metabolic reprogramming supporting these reactive phenotypes remains unknown. Employing real-time metabolic measurements and lipidomic analysis, we show that both fatty acids promote microglial oxidative metabolism, while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances glycolytic rates. Interestingly, oleate treatment was followed by enrichment in storage lipids bound to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in parallel with protection against oxidative imbalance. Palmitate, in turn, induced a distinct lipid distribution defined by PUFA linked to membrane phospholipids, which are more susceptible to lipid peroxidation and inflammatory signaling cascades. This distribution was mirrored by LPS treatment, which led to a strong pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglia. Thus, although both oleate and palmitate preserve mitochondrial function, a contrasting lipid distribution supports differences in fatty acid-induced neuroinflammation. These data reinforce the concept that reactive microglial profiles are achieved by stimulus-evoked remodeling in cell metabolism.

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Microglial supplementation with MUFAs increases FA scavenging and incorporates PUFAs into TGs.
“Specifically, microglial supplementation with MUFAs has been shown to increase FA scavenging and incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into TGs [41].”
From Lipoprotein Lipase Regulates Microglial Lipid Droplet Accumulation (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
The Results report that oleate-treated BV2 microglial cells had PUFA-enriched triacylglycerols (TAGs), supporting the incorporation finding. The Discussion reports higher CD36 expression but says its role in oleate-treated cells is uncertain; it does not establish increased fatty-acid scavenging. The study tested oleate, not MUFAs as a class. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
SFA supplementation incorporates more PUFAs into PLs, which are more readily peroxidized, contributing to downstream inflammation.
“On the other hand, SFA supplementation incorporates more PUFAs into PLs, which are more readily peroxidized, contributing to downstream inflammation [41].”
From Lipoprotein Lipase Regulates Microglial Lipid Droplet Accumulation (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
The Discussion reports that palmitate-treated microglia had more PUFA linked to major phospholipids than BSA- or oleate-treated cells, and says those PUFAs are susceptible to oxidation. It describes increased production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators as a possibility, not an observed downstream effect; the Discussion also says the study detected no change in inflammatory mediator contents. The claim therefore overstates the inflammation finding and extends a result for palmitate-treated microglia to SFA supplementation generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Lipid supplementation can modify microglial phenotype and function.
“Several studies have demonstrated the capacity of lipid supplementation to modify microglial phenotype and function [41].”
From Lipoprotein Lipase Regulates Microglial Lipid Droplet Accumulation (2021) · cites this paper as [41]

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Additional file 1 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
de Paula, G. C., Aldana, B., Battistella, R., Fernández‐Calle, R., Bjure, A., Lundgaard, I., Deierborg, T., & Duarte, J. M. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750003
Additional file 5 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
de Paula, G. C., Aldana, B., Battistella, R., Fernández‐Calle, R., Bjure, A., Lundgaard, I., Deierborg, T., & Duarte, J. M. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750015
Additional file 2 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
de Paula, G. C., Aldana, B., Battistella, R., Fernández‐Calle, R., Bjure, A., Lundgaard, I., Deierborg, T., & Duarte, J. M. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750006
Additional file 4 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
de Paula, G. C., Aldana, B., Battistella, R., Fernández‐Calle, R., Bjure, A., Lundgaard, I., Deierborg, T., & Duarte, J. M. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750012
Additional file 3 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
de Paula, G. C., Aldana, B., Battistella, R., Fernández‐Calle, R., Bjure, A., Lundgaard, I., Deierborg, T., & Duarte, J. M. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26750009
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Authors: Chausse, B., Kakimoto, P. A., Caldeira-da-Silva, C. C., Chaves-Filho, A. B., Yoshinaga, M. Y., da Silva, R. P., Miyamoto, S., & Kowaltowski, A. J.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Corresponding author: Chausse, Bruno
ORCID: Chausse, Bruno
Yoshinaga, Marcos Y.
Miyamoto, Sayuri
Kowaltowski, Alicia J.
Venue: Bioscience Reports
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Published: 2019-04
Volume: 39
Issue: 4
ISSN: 0144-8463 (ISSN-L)
1573-4935
DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190072
PMC: PMC6449521
OpenAlex: W2921415515
Cited by: 59
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 3.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 161 d)
Locations: Bioscience Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2015/25862-0, 2015/, 2015/07670-7, 2013/079378, 13/07937-8)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (2013/07937-8)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (424094/2016-9, 2013/07937-8, 2013‐0)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Keywords: microglial activation, oleate, palmitate, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, lipopolysaccharide, neuroinflammation, lipidomics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial function, membrane phospholipids, metabolic reprogramming
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Cell Line, Glycolysis, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Membrane Lipids, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Palmitates, Neuroimmunomodulation, Lipid Peroxidation, Microglia, Oleic Acid, Mice

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Distinct metabolic patterns during microglial remodeling by oleate and palmitate

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