Policy Initiatives to Address the Challenges of an Older Population in the Workforce

May combine two claims.

Most older adults in Liang and Luo's study had difficulty adapting to changes and stuck to past practices and values considered outdated.

“According to Liang and Luo (2017), most of the older adults in their study faced difficulties in adapting to changes and consistently stuck to their past practices and values, which were often considered out of date.”

• cites Liang and Luo (2017) sourceDisputed

  The Discussion section, under “Historical embeddedness and changing values,” says that some elders perceived social change negatively, but most took proactive paths and showed resilience in adapting. The Findings section, under “Theme 3,” likewise describes differing responses rather than saying most remained attached to past practices and values. (LLM, conf=0.91)

  Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Retaining senior workers is difficult because they often face health problems and outdated technological knowledge.

“However, the reality of retaining senior workers in the workforce can be difficult because they are often challenged by health issues and out-of-date technological knowledge (Nagarajan et al., 2019).”

• cites Nagarajan et al., 2019 sourceCould not verify

  The passages available from our copy contain bibliographic metadata, not discussion of barriers to retaining senior workers. Searches for health issues, outdated technological knowledge, and older-worker retention found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Without defining and addressing older workers' challenges, policies raising the retirement age will not overcome the economic consequences of aging.

“However, researchers believe that without defining and addressing the challenges faced by older workers, any policy that increases the retirement age will be ineffective in overcoming the economic development consequences of an aging population (Nagarajan et al., 2019).”

• cites Nagarajan et al., 2019 sourcePartly supported

  The Abstract says governments have raised retirement ages to address labour shortages and identifies factors that help older workers remain employed, including health and age-friendly workplaces. It does not say that any retirement-age increase will be ineffective without first defining and addressing older workers’ challenges, or assess its ability to overcome broader economic-development consequences. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Men with a college degree stay longer in the workforce and are less likely to claim social security benefits than men without a college degree.

“Venti and Wise (2014) have noted that men with a college degree stay longer in the workforce and less likely to claim social security benefits than men without a college degree.”

• cites Venti and Wise (2014) sourcePartly supported

  The Pathway and Direct Effects of Education section (Table 2-3; page unavailable) reports a lower share of men not employed among those with a college degree or more than among those with less than a high-school education, consistent with working longer. The Disability Insurance and Early Claiming of SS Benefits section (Table 1-1; page unavailable) reports that college-educated men are less likely to claim Social Security benefits *early*. It does not establish that they are less likely to claim benefits at all, and its stated comparison is with men who did not finish high school rather than all men without a college degree. (LLM, conf=0.87)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Five generations are expected to co-exist in the workplace in coming years, and technological knowledge differences between generations are likely to create conflict.

“Haeger and Lingham (2014) stressed that, in the coming years, it is expected that there will be five generations “co-existing” in the workplace, and the differences in technological knowledge between each generation of workers is likely to create conflict between them.”

• cites Haeger and Lingham (2014) sourcePartly supported

  The Introduction and §2.2 predict that five generations will coexist at work. §5 says differences in technology use could create collisions between generations, but it does not specifically identify differences in technological knowledge as the cause; §2.3 frames potential conflict in terms of behavioral expectations and norms. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Strengthening older workers' employability through human capital development is a policy initiative.

“Another policy initiative is to strengthen the employability of older workers through human capital development (Nagarajan et al., 2019; OECD, 2015)”

• cites Nagarajan et al., 2019 sourceCould not verify

  The available indexed passages contain bibliographic details and keywords, but no substantive discussion of policy initiatives. Searches for human capital development, older workers’ employability, and training found no passage addressing the claim; the indexed copy appears to lack the paper’s substantive text. (LLM, conf=0.72)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites OECD, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Organizations adopting age-friendly employment practices are likely to attract older people and gain a wider talent pool.

“Organizations that adopt age-friendly employment practices are likely to attract an older population and find themselves able to choose from a wider pool of talent (Martin et al., 2014).”

• cites Martin et al., 2014 sourcePartly supported

  The 'Employer attitudes to older workers' section describes HR policies intended to protect and attract older workers, supporting the attraction part of the claim. It does not say that adopting those practices is likely to give organizations a wider talent pool, and cautions that policies alone are no cure-all without a commitment to challenging discrimination. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The potential of technology to help create an age-friendly work environment is undeniable.

“The potential of technology to help create an age-friendly work environment is undeniable (Haeger & Lingham, 2014).”

• cites Haeger & Lingham, 2014 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

The most common challenges for older adults required to use technology were feeling uncomfortable and finding it difficult to learn.

“The most common challenges faced by older adults in the workforce who were required to use technology were that they felt uncomfortable doing so and often found it difficult to learn how to use it (Haeger & Lingham, 2014).”

• cites Haeger & Lingham, 2014 sourcePartly supported

  In the discussion of Web 2.0 (page unavailable), the paper says Boomers have struggled to keep up with workplace technology and may not feel savvy enough to use it. Its discussion of Skype (page unavailable) also refers to technologies that are less difficult to learn. It does not establish that discomfort and difficulty learning were the most common challenges among older workers required to use technology. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Stakeholders including researchers, government agencies, employers, and communities are aware of current aging-population issues and recognize the importance of policies for retaining older people in the workforce.

“Our findings suggest that the stakeholders (researchers, government agencies, employers, and communities) are not only aware of the current issues relating to the aging population but also understand the importance of policies in terms of retaining older people in the workforce.”

May combine two claims.

Physical function, psychosocial status, organizational perceptions, and financial commitments play vital roles in motivating older people to remain in the workforce.

“From the reviewed literature we have further noted that the following factors play a vital role in motivating the older population to remain in the workforce: i) physical function, ii) psychosocial status, iii) organizational perceptions, and iv) financial commitments.”

May combine two claims.

Table 2 shows technology plays a vital role in successful implementation of policy plans and sustaining older workers' participation.

“Table 2 also demonstrates that technology plays a vital role in the successful implementation of policy plans and in sustaining older workers’ participation in the workforce.”

May combine two claims.

BMW focuses on equipping older workers with technological tools, and Australia's Human Rights Commission focuses on using technology for education and training.

“BMW is specifically focused on equipping older workers with technological tools and Australia’s Human Rights Commission is focused on using technology for education and training.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

For some employers, technology is considered a tool to counteract age discrimination in the workplace.

“for some employers, technology is considered as a tool to counteract age discrimination in the workplace.”

May combine two claims.

Many older individuals experience increasing financial hardship and often worry about exhausting their pension funds.

“Despite the popular image of the wealthy baby boomer, many individuals face increasing financial hardship as they grow older (Hoffman & Jackson, 2013; Radović-Marković, 2013), often accompanied by anxiety about running out of money in their pension funds.”

• cites Hoffman & Jackson, 2013; Radović-Marković, 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Because older people's well-being depends on their social and economic status, encouraging longer working lives is likely to improve their financial security.

“The well-being of an older person is determined by their social and economic status, and so encouraging older people to maintain a long working life is likely to be an effective way of improving their financial security (Carmichael & Ercolani, 2015; Finch, 2014; Schuring et al., 2013).”

• cites Carmichael & Ercolani, 2015; Finch, 2014; Schuring et al., 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Retaining older workers is essential both for full employment and for improving older adults' financial security in later years.

“Retaining older workers in the workforce is therefore essential not only in overall economic terms—that is, full employment—but also in terms of equipping older adults financially for their later years.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Older adults' participation in the labor market positively contributes to national economic and social development.

May combine two claims.

As the older population grows, the burden on the shrinking working population increases, and that working population provides social and economic support for older people.

“As the older population continues to grow, so too does the burden on the shrinking working population, which plays a significant role in providing the social and economic support that contributes to the well-being of the older population in their later years (Lindh, 2004; Navaneetham & Dharmalingam, 2012; Schuring et al., 2013).”

• cites Lindh, 2004; Navaneetham & Dharmalingam, 2012; Schuring et al., 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Advances in science and technology mean that age 60 is no longer considered old and that more options exist to remain active in the workforce beyond that age.

“Furthermore, thanks to advancements in both science and technology, 60 is no longer considered “old,” and there are more options to remain active in the workforce beyond this age (Ng & Feldmann, 2008, 2012; Radović-Marković, 2013).”

• cites Ng & Feldmann, 2008, 2012; Radović-Marković, 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Older workers are a valuable resource because of their skills, experience, and commitment, and their continued workforce involvement is expected to raise national productivity.

“Aging workers are also an incredibly rich resource, given their valuable skill sets, experience, and commitment, and their ongoing involvement in the workforce is expected to increase overall national productivity (Carmichael & Ercolani, 2015).”

• cites Carmichael & Ercolani, 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Mandatory retirement contracts terminate at a date when the worker no longer receives a wage above their value of marginal product.

“According to Lazear (1979), the mandatory retirement age process is designed around “a date at which the contract is terminated and the worker is no longer entitled to receive a wage greater than his VMP [value of marginal product]” (Lazear, 1979, p. 1283).”

• cites Lazear, 1979 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Employers believe older candidates' wage demands exceed their capability due to health status and obsolete knowledge or skills.

“The employers have a different perspective: given the older workers’ health status and potential obsolescence of their knowledge and skills, they believe that the wages being demanded by older candidates do not reflect their capability (van Ours & Stoeldraijer, 2010).”

• cites van Ours & Stoeldraijer, 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Many organizations have been forced to hire or retain older employees, and this trend will continue.

“Many organizations have therefore been forced to hire or retain older employees, a trend that will continue (Dychtwald et al., 2004).”

• cites Dychtwald et al., 2004Not checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Long unemployment spells for older workers weaken their morale and make it harder for organizations to find older adults with current, in-demand skills.

“Long spells of unemployment among older workers have a twofold effect: they are likely to weaken the morale of older workers, conscious of their potential skills deficit, seeking employment (Klehe et al., 2012) and organizations may find it difficult to find older adults whose skills are both in demand and up to date (Klehe et al., 2012).”

• cites Klehe et al., 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Governments will need to allocate more revenue to meet older populations' needs, increasing social security spending rather than education and infrastructure investment.

“Eiras and Niepelt (2012) and Lisenkova et al. (2012) note that the significant rise in the aging population would see increases in government spending on social security rather than on education and infrastructure investment.”

• cites Eiras and Niepelt (2012); Lisenkova et al. (2012)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Employers associate aging workers with higher costs and lower productivity, so they would not favor hiring them over other options.

“Hence, employers equate having aging workers in an organization with a rise in costs (e.g., more sick leave) and drop in productivity (e.g., because of a reluctance to learn new technologies) (Van Dalen et al., 2010; Conen et al., 2011; Nagarajan et al., 2019) and so would not favor hiring aging workers over other options.”

May combine two claims.

Aging affects labor market participation and is an economic concern because national production depends on workers' involvement in the workforce.

“The influence of aging on labor market participation is an economic concern, as the production levels of a country are intrinsically dependent on the involvement of workers in the workforce (Siliverstovs et al., 2011).”

• cites Siliverstovs et al., 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Scopus was selected as the database because of its consistency, information availability, and frequent updates.

“There are three main databases available for extracting peer-reviewed articles—ISI Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar (GS), and Scopus (Nagarajan et al., 2015)—but the consistency, availability of information, and frequent updates of search results (Adriaanse & Rensleigh, 2013; Falagas et al., 2008; Norris & Oppenheim, 2007) of Scopus made it our preferred option.”

• cites Adriaanse & Rensleigh, 2013; Falagas et al., 2008; Norris & Oppenheim, 2007Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Skill obsolescence is often identified as the main reason older workers' performance declines, and most older workers receive less encouragement from younger supervisors to participate in training.

“Skill obsolescence is often identified as the main reason for the decline in performance of older workers, and the majority of older workers receive less encouragement from their generally younger supervisors to participate in training to improve their skills (Ravichandran et al., 2015).”

• cites Ravichandran et al., 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Globally, age profiles are changing because life expectancy is rising and fertility is falling.

“Globally, age profiles are undergoing a unique transformation due to rising life expectancies and falling fertility rates (Brooks, 2003).”

• cites Brooks, 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The gray literature search yielded 60 datasets on policy initiatives from developed countries and international organizations.

“Our search result yielded 60 data sets (see Appendix: A2) on policy initiatives by several developed countries, and from international organizations.”

May combine two claims.

A 10% increase in the population aged 60 and over is predicted to reduce US per capita growth by 5.5%, with two-thirds from slower labor productivity growth and one-third from slower labor force growth.

“For instance, Maestas et al. (2016) predicted that a 10% rise in the population aged 60 and over will reduce the growth rate per capita of the USA by 5.5%. They further explained that two-thirds of this reduction in economic growth would be due to a drop in the growth of labor productivity, and the other third would be the result of slower growth in the labor force.”

• cites Maestas et al. (2016)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The search yielded 113 usable peer-reviewed articles, while 224 were excluded because their focus was unrelated.

“This yielded 113 articles that we could use for our study (see Appendix: A1); 224 articles were excluded since their focus was not related to our study (e.g., migration, female labour participation).”

May combine two claims.

The number of retirees in the German labor force doubled in the past decade, with nearly 17 million retirees forced to work because of inadequate pension funds.

“According to Dick (2012), the number of retirees in the German labor force has doubled in the past decade, with nearly 17 million retirees being forced to participate in the workforce due to inadequate pension funds.”

• cites Dick (2012)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Despite policies raising the retirement age, financial constraints influence older people's decisions to remain in the workforce.

“Thus, it is clear that, despite the government’s policy to increase the retirement age to overcome labor shortages, the financial constraints faced by the older population influence their decision to remain in the workforce.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: As baby boomers retired, taxable incomes fell and government revenues declined.

May combine two claims.

Most organizations face challenges complying with policies to employ workers beyond the previously mandated retirement age, especially integrating multiple age groups.

“Most organizations are facing challenges in adhering to government policy and employing workers older than the previously mandated retirement age, and one of the recurring problems is how to integrate a wide range of age groups in an organization (Boehm et al., 2011).”

• cites Boehm et al., 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

A rising older population relative to the working-age population is likely to reduce labor supply, raising labor costs and lowering overall production.

“The consistent increase in the aging population in comparison to the working-age population is likely to reduce the labor supply—leading not only to a rise in labor costs but also a fall in overall production (Lisenkova et al., 2012).”

• cites Lisenkova et al., 2012 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The rising aging population is likely to alter labor market dynamics and eventually lower a country's economic growth.

“Hence, it is evident that the rising aging population is likely to affect the dynamics of the labor market and will eventually decrease the economic growth of a country.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The growth of the aging population is a major social and economic issue of the twenty-first century and is likely to threaten the sustainability of public welfare systems worldwide.

May combine two claims.

A scoping review was chosen because bibliometrics and traditional literature reviews exclude gray literature, which is essential for policy documents and organizational reports.

“Since bibliometrics and a traditional literature analysis both exclude gray literature1 and gray literature is essential for our study as it includes policy documents and organizational reports, neither of these two approaches was considered appropriate for our study. A scoping review appeared to be a more appropriate method for our purposes, as this method both reviews published articles from acc”

May combine two claims.

Experienced aging workers require less supervision, reducing production costs.

“From an employer’s perspective, experienced aging workers will require less supervision, which will help to reduce production costs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Research institutions are particularly interested in identifying technology's potential to help older workers perform well in the labor market.

“the research institutions are particularly interested in identifying the potential use of technology in assisting older workers to perform well in the labor market.”

May combine two claims.

Flexible work options such as remote work, part-time employment, phased retirement, and bridge jobs could let older workers continue past retirement age and provide financial stability later.

“policy initiatives such as flexible work options that focus on remote working, part-time employment, phased retirement, and bridge jobs could allow older workers to continue working past retirement age and ultimately provide financially stability in their later life (OECD, 2015).”

• cites OECD, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Implementing policies to keep older people in the workforce longer gives researchers opportunity to explore aging workforce challenges and use science and technology to help older workers perform well.

“Implementing policies to encourage the older population to stay in the workforce for longer provides an opportunity for researchers to explore more broadly and in more depth the challenges of an aging workforce and the use of science and technology as tools to develop innovative ways to help older workers perform well.”

May combine two claims.

In Denmark, 92% of employers support retirement reforms and allow part-time retirement or bridge employment.

“in Denmark, 92% of employers support retirement reforms and allow part-time retirement or bridge employment (Conen et al., 2011).”

• cites Conen et al., 2011Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Older workers are often valued for in-depth knowledge and experience, and can continue participating by using technology and improving education via training.

“Older workers are often valued for their in-depth knowledge and experience in their particular fields, and they can continue to participate in the workforce by using technology and improving their education levels via training and skills development.”

May combine two claims.

Working boosts self-esteem and confidence among seniors and encourages independent living, partly by reducing financial anxiety.

“Being in a working environment also boosts self-esteem and confidence among the senior population, and subsequently encourages them to live their later life independently, partly because they will experience less anxiety about their financial status.”

May combine two claims.

Intergenerational work environments are likely to break down barriers between age groups, and engaging older people can mitigate depression from living alone.

“engaging in an intergenerational work environment is likely to be an effective way to break down barriers between different age groups, and engaging the older population in the workforce can mitigate depression in old age as a result of living alone (Bilinska et al., 2016).”

• cites Bilinska et al., 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Aging workers are likely to have greater security from income and from workplace education about managing funds.

“Aging workers are likely to experience increased security not only because of their income stream, but also because being in a working environment often educates them about managing their funds effectively (Alexandria, 2014).”

• cites Alexandria, 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Older workers' active workforce participation promotes self-care and self-management of health conditions, helping maintain physical and mental health.

“Older workers’ active participation in the workforce promotes self-care and self-management of their health conditions. Hence, their involvement in the workforce helps to maintain their physical and mental health.”

May combine two claims.

Norway's reforms raising the minimum retirement age, increasing income taxes, and reducing retirement and disability benefits counteracted a labor shortage and improved national fiscal sustainability.

“policy reform measures implemented in Norway, such as i) increasing the minimum retirement age, ii) increasing income taxes, iii) reducing retirement benefits, and iv) reducing retirement and disability benefits, have counteracted a labor shortage and contributed to national fiscal sustainability.”

• cites Laun et al. (2019) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Research institutions worldwide are actively involved in aging research and disseminate findings about seniors' workforce participation.

“Research institutions all over the world (e.g., AGE-WELL and STAR institute from Canada, JRF from the UK, GSA from the USA, and GLO from Germany) are actively involved in research related to aging and disseminate their findings about seniors’ participation in the workforce.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Staying in the workforce lets older people support dependent children and older parents and prepare for their own later life.

“Staying in the workforce also puts them in a position to support their dependent children and older parents with care needs in addition to letting them prepare for their own later life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Many developed countries and organizations have responded to aging populations by developing policies to retain older workers to address labor shortages and acknowledging technology's role.

“many developed countries and various organizations have responded by developing policies to retain older workers to address labor shortages and acknowledging the role of technology in realizing these policies.”

May combine two claims.

Ongoing participation of aging workers is expected to increase per capita income growth and national revenue.

“The ongoing participation of aging workers is expected to increase the growth rate of per capita income, which will consequently contribute to increasing revenue at a national level.”

May combine two claims.

Retaining aging workers is likely to increase a country's overall productivity and seniors' contribution to GDP.

“retaining aging workers is likely to increase the overall productivity of a country, and the seniors’ subsequent contribution to the gross domestic product will also increase.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Policy initiatives to retain older adults allow research institutions to discover challenges of age-friendly work environments, identify mechanisms, develop assessment tools, investigate training efficiency, reform training methodology, and prepare workers for AI.

“The policy initiatives to retain older adults in the workforce allow research institutions to i) discover the challenges of implementing an age-friendly work environment, ii) identify mechanisms that contribute to an age-friendly work environment, iii) focus on developing an age-friendly assessment tool to examine the performance of aging workers, iv) investigate the efficiency of training on the”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Gerontological Society of America, Eurofound, and Joseph Rowntree Foundation have recommended policies on sustaining aging workers.

“Other international organizations, such as the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), European Foundation (Eurofound), and Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF), have also recommended a set of policies on sustaining on aging workers.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Retaining senior workers allows employers to preserve skills and facilitate smooth knowledge transfer between generations.

“Retaining senior workers in the workforce would allow employers to preserve their skills and facilitate a smooth knowledge transfer process between one generation of workers and the next.”

May combine two claims.

Older workers are expected to interact with a variety of technologies to engage in today's work environment, and technological evolution is expected to open opportunities for them.

“to actively engage in today’s work environment, older workers are expected to interact with a variety of technologies (Czaja & Sharit, 2016), and the technological evolution of the workplace is expected to open up opportunities for older workers to perform well there.”

• cites Czaja & Sharit, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Determining technology's role in helping senior workers will be challenging in a multi-generational workplace.

“However, determining the potential role of technology in helping senior workers in the workforce (e.g., workstation design and artificial intelligence) will be challenging in a multi-generational workplace.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Promoting teleworking allows organizations to continue benefiting from older employees' skills and knowledge.

“Another option is to promote teleworking so that organizations continue to benefit from the skills and knowledge of older employees.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Given seniors' vulnerability to COVID-19, aging workers may be reluctant to return to workplaces and may prefer remote work for the foreseeable future.

“Given seniors’ particular vulnerability to this virus, aging workers may be reluctant to return to their workplaces and prefer to work remotely for the foreseeable future.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: As COVID-19 continued to rise, remote working was increasingly seen as the only option for many people who wished to remain in the workforce.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The search for international policy initiatives was limited to sources written in English.

“while obtaining international policy initiatives, we limited our search base to sources written in English.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

A system that diagnoses mild cognitive impairment at work and devices that slow cognitive decline would improve older workers' performance.

“A system that diagnoses mild cognitive impairment at work and devices that slow cognitive decline in older workers would also improve performance.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Working from home and communicating electronically would circumvent transportation and mobility issues experienced by older workers.

“Working from home and communicating with the workplace electronically would circumvent any issues around transportation and mobility experienced by older workers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

With technological developments including automation and AI, a worker's job performance is no longer immediately related to their age.

“with technological developments, including automation and artificial intelligence, a worker’s job performance is no longer immediately related to their age.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Designing portable and wearable devices and apps that monitor older adults' physical activities and health in the workplace would be an effective strategy to protect older workers' health and safety.

“Designing and making available portable and wearable electronic devices and apps that monitor older adults’ physical activities and health in the workplace would be an effective strategy to protect the health and safety of older workers in the workforce.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Installing movable instruction screens with larger lettering, ergonomic back supports, tilt tables, and safe-height shelving is expected to reduce physical demands and protect senior workers from falls and injuries.

“installing movable instruction screens with larger lettering, better ergonomic back supports for mobile tool-trolleys, well-designed tilt tables, and shelving installed at safe heights (neither too high nor too low) are all expected to reduce physical demands and protect senior workers from falls and injuries.”

May combine two claims.

Older workers tend to have shorter reach distances and less flexibility; using AI to assist with physically demanding or dangerous tasks could contribute to a safe working environment.

“Older workers tend to have shorter reach distances and less flexibility, and harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence to assist them in accomplishing tasks that are physically demanding or dangerous, and rendered more so because of older workers’ physical limitations, could contribute to creating a safe working environment (Camillo, 2012).”

• cites Camillo, 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

A wearable sensor that detects when aging workers perform a task in a way likely to cause injury would alert them to the hazard and give time to adjust.

“a wearable sensor that detects when aging workers perform their task in a way that is likely to cause injury would alert a worker to the potential hazard and give them time to adjust their physical approach to their task.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Designing a workspace specifically for an aging worker may reduce workers' compensation claims related to musculoskeletal disorders.

“A side benefit of designing a workspace specifically for an aging worker is that it may reduce workers’ compensation claims related to musculoskeletal disorders.”