Targeting the Gut–Liver Axis in Cirrhosis: Antibiotics and Non-Selective β-Blockers

Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i>

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Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: A systematic review of 118 studies

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Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome

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Liver cirrhosis

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TLR4 enhances TGF-β signaling and hepatic fibrosis

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EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis

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Promotion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by the Intestinal Microbiota and TLR4

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The burden of liver disease in Europe: A review of available epidemiological data

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Rifaximin Treatment in Hepatic Encephalopathy

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Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis Increase Mortality Four-Fold and Should Be Used in Determining Prognosis

Arvaniti, V., D’Amico, G., Fede, G., Manousou, P., Tsochatzis, E. A., Pleguezuelo, M., & Burroughs, A. K. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.019 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works

Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis

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Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

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Beta-Blockers to Prevent Gastroesophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis

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Management of Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis

García–Tsao, G., & Bosch, J. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0901512 · Cited by 958 · see citing works

Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis

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Primary Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Delays Hepatorenal Syndrome and Improves Survival in Cirrhosis

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Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis†

Wiest, R., & Garcia‐Tsao, G. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20632 · Cited by 677 · see citing works

Acute-on chronic liver failure

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Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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Now there are many (stages) where before there was one

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Deleterious Effects of Beta-Blockers on Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis and Refractory Ascites†,‡

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Hemodynamic Response to Pharmacological Treatment of Portal Hypertension and Long–Term Prognosis of Cirrhosis

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Systemic, Renal, and Hepatic Hemodynamic Derangement in Cirrhotic Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

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Increased lipopolysaccharide binding protein in cirrhotic patients with marked immune and hemodynamic derangement

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Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: A randomized trial

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Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis

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Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients With cirrhosis: the north american consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience: Hepatology

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Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club

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Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites

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Endotoxemia in patients with chronic liver diseases: relationship to severity of liver diseases, presence of esophaegeal varices, and hyperdynamic circulation.

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Microbiota-liver axis in hepatic disease

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Secondary Prophylaxis of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial of Lactulose Versus Placebo

Sharma, B. C., Sharma, P., Agrawal, A., & Sarin, S. K. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.056 · Cited by 326 · see citing works

Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats

Lorenzo-Zúñiga, V., Bartolí, R., Planas, R., Hofmann, A. F., Viñado, B., Hagey, L. R., Hernández, J. M., Mañé, J., Alvarez, M. A., Ausina, V., et al. (2003) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50116 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

Bacterial translocation and changes in the intestinal microbiome in mouse models of liver disease

Fouts, D. E., Torralba, M., Nelson, K. E., Brenner, D. A., & Schnabl, B. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.01.019 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Microbial endocrinology: how stress influences susceptibility to infection

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The norepinephrine‐driven metastasis development of PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice is inhibited by β‐blockers

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Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites

Pérez-Paramo, M., Muñoz, J., Albillos, A., Freile, I., Portero, F., Santos, M., & Ortiz-Berrocal, J. (2000) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510310109 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with cirrhosis: prevalence and relation with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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Small Intestine Dysmotility and Bacterial Overgrowth in Cirrhotic Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli dephosphorylates and dissociates occludin from intestinal epithelial tight junctions

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Pathological bacterial translocation in cirrhosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical implications

Bellot, P., Francés, R., & Such, J. M. (2012) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.12021 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders

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Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

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β‐Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta‐analysis

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Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites

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The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation

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The Role of Intestinal Endotoxin in Liver Injury: A Long and Evolving History

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Growth Stimulation of Intestinal Commensal Escherichia coli by Catecholamines: A Possible Contributory Factor in Trauma-Induced Sepsis

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Pharmacological Reduction of Portal Pressure and Long-Term Risk of First Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Cirrhosis

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Bacterial DNA Translocation Is Associated With Systemic Circulatory Abnormalities and Intrahepatic Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Cirrhosis

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The Effect of Selective Intestinal Decontamination on the Hyperdynamic Circulatory State in Cirrhosis

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The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of β-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease: Figure 1

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Gut-Derived Sepsis Occurs When the Right Pathogen With the Right Virulence Genes Meets the Right Host: Evidence for In Vivo Virulence Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Long‐term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis

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Immunomodulatory Activities of Fluoroquinolones

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Relationship between cecal population levels of indigenous bacteria and translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes

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Gut-Liver Axis and Sensing Microbes

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Toll-Like Receptors in Liver Fibrosis: Cellular Crosstalk and Mechanisms

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Altered intestinal tight junctions’ expression in patients with liver cirrhosis: a pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal hyperpermeability

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Serum and ascitic fluid bacterial DNA: A new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis

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Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol‐related decompensated cirrhosis

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The sympathetic nervous system in liver disease

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Long-Term Treatment With Cisapride and Antibiotics in Liver Cirrhosis: Effect on Small Intestinal Motility, Bacterial Overgrowth, and Liver Function

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Maintenance of hemodynamic response to treatment for portal hypertension and influence on complications of cirrhosis

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The role of gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension

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New therapeutic paradigm for patients with cirrhosis

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Development of Ascites in Compensated Cirrhosis With Severe Portal Hypertension Treated With β-Blockers

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Propranolol adrenergic blockade inhibits human brain endothelial cells tubulogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion

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Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

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Rifaximin Improves Systemic Hemodynamics and Renal Function in Patients With Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis and Ascites

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Abnormalities in proximal small bowel motility in patients with cirrhosis

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Rifaximin: a nonabsorbable rifamycin antibiotic for use in nonsystemic gastrointestinal infections

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Intestinal Permeability in Cirrhotic Patients With and Without Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Is the Ring Closed?

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Meta‐analysis: banding ligation and medical interventions for the prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices

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Bacterial Translocation Up–Regulates Gtp–Cyclohydrolase I in Mesenteric Vasculature of Cirrhotic Rats

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Association Between Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Peripheral Bacterial DNA in Cirrhotic Patients

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Probiotic as a Novel Treatment Strategy Against Liver Disease

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Effect of Long-term Propranolol Treatment on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Patients with HCV-Associated Cirrhosis

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Development of quinolone-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in stools of patients with cirrhosis undergoing norfloxacin prophylaxis: clinical consequences

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Effect of Fluoroquinolone on the Enhanced Nitric Oxide-Induced Peripheral Vasodilation Seen in Cirrhosis

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