Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis†

Wiest, Reiner; Garcia‐Tsao, Guadalupe

doi:10.1002/hep.20632

Cited by 677Liver Disease and TransplantationGut microbiota and healthSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis†

Wiest, Reiner, Garcia‐Tsao, Guadalupe·2005·Hepatology

DOI 10.1002/hep.20632

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Abstract

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play an important role in the pathogenesis of the complications of cirrhosis. Research on the pathogenesis of BT and its clinical significance transcends established boundaries between microbiology, cell biology, intestinal pathophysiology, and immunology. This review delineates multiple mechanisms involved in the process of BT, with an emphasis on alterations in intestinal flora and mucosal barrier function, particularly immunological defense mechanisms. Current knowledge on the innate and adaptive immune response that allows a "friendly" communication between bacteria and host is summarized, and alterations occurring in cirrhosis that may facilitate BT are discussed. In addition, definition of a "pathological" BT is proposed together with an analysis of the anatomical site and route of BT. Finally, therapeutic approaches for the prevention of BT in experimental and human cirrhosis are reviewed. Future research in the field of BT in cirrhosis will allow the development of new therapeutic targets in the prevention of infections and other complications of cirrhosis.

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Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
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Profound impact of gut homeostasis on chemically-induced pro-tumorigenic inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
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Gut Microbiota, Bacterial Translocation, and Interactions with Diet: Pathophysiological Links between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-Communicable Medical Comorbidities
Slyepchenko, A., Maes, M., Jacka, F. N., Köhler, C. A., Barichello, T., McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Grande, I., Foster, J. A., Vieta, E., et al. (2017) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000448957 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Dysbiosis of small intestinal microbiota in liver cirrhosis and its association with etiology
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Gut bacterial translocation is associated with microinflammation in end‐stage renal disease patients
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Gut microbiota and probiotics in chronic liver diseases
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Toll-like Receptor 4 and Hepatic Fibrogenesis
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Small‐intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease
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Probiotic mixture VSL# 3: An overview of basic and clinical studies in chronic diseases
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Role of Innate Immune Response in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic Complications and Therapeutic Tools
Meli, R., Mattace Raso, G., & Calignano, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00177 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Serum Immunoglobulin Levels Predict Fibrosis in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
McPherson, S., Henderson, E., Burt, A. D., Day, C. P., & Anstee, Q. M. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.01.010 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Genetic Diversity and Virulence Profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates Causing Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Bacteremia in Patients with Cirrhosis
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Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist on changes in the gut bacterium and the underlying mechanisms
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Authors: Wiest, R., & Garcia‐Tsao, G.
Affiliations: University Hospital Regensburg (DE)
ORCID: Wiest, Reiner
Venue: Hepatology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2005-03
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 422-433
ISSN: 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/hep.20632
OpenAlex: W2132551814
Cited by: 677
References: 152
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 2.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3836 d)
Locations: Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: bacterial translocation, liver cirrhosis, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, host-microbe interactions, cirrhosis complications, infection control
MeSH terms: Decontamination, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Liver Cirrhosis, Nitric Oxide, Bacterial Translocation, Probiotics

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Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis†

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