Towards an objective measure of mindfulness: Replicating and extending the features of the breath-counting task
Open accessAbstract
Despite calls for objective measures of mindfulness to be adopted in the field, such practices have not yet become established. Recently, a breath-counting task (BCT) was proposed as a reliable and valid candidate for such an instrument. In this study, we show that the psychometric properties of the BCT are reproducible in a sample of 127 Asian undergraduates. Specifically, accuracy on the BCT was associated with everyday lapses and sustained attention, and weakly associated with subjectively measured mindfulness. BCT metrics also showed good test-retest reliability. Extending the use of the paradigm, we further found that two different types of task errors-miscounts and resets-were correlated with different aspects of cognition. Miscounts, or errors made without awareness, were associated with attentional lapses, whereas resets, or self-caught errors, were associated with mind-wandering. The BCT may be a suitable candidate for the standardized measurement of mindfulness that could be used in addition to mindfulness questionnaires.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Changes in internal reference standards and growing familiarity with the language of mindfulness may contribute to apparent improvements, even if underlying mindfulness skills have not shifted to the same extent.
“In addi tion, changes in internal reference standards and growing familiarity with the language of mindfulness may contribute to apparent im provements (Sauer et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2018), even if underlying mindfulness skills have not shifted to the same extent.”
From Measuring mindfulness: A systematic review and evaluation of self-report mindfulness scales (2026) · cites this paper as Wong et al., 2018
The Discussion says familiarity with mindfulness concepts and language may lead people to report higher mindfulness, and that perceived gains can occur without objective evidence. It does not specifically identify changes in internal reference standards as a cause of apparent improvement. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Brainard, D. H. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00357 · Cited by 19,308 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
(2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,477 · see citing works
The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates.
Broadbent, D., Cooper, P. F., Fitzgerald, P. H., & Parkes, K. (1982) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x · Cited by 2,967 · see citing works
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107313003 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3916 · Cited by 2,889 · see citing works
A wandering mind is an unhappy mind
Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1192439 · Cited by 2,575 · see citing works
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.946 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B., & Yiend, J. (1997) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00015-8 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
<i>Sleep Deprivation and Vigilant Attention</i>
Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1417.002 · Cited by 1,213 · see citing works
Self-citationMaximizing sensitivity of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) to sleep loss
Basner, M., & Dinges, D. F. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.581 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028168 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
An overview of sleepiness and accidents
DINGES, D. F. (1995) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00220.x · Cited by 891 · see citing works
The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0 · Cited by 855 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Self-reported mindfulness increases with mindfulness training and meditation experience (Baer et al. 2008; Brown and Ryan 2003; Chambers et al. 2007), and these increases correlate with desirable outcomes such as decreased burnout and stress (Roeser et al. 2013), lower depression and anxiety scores…”
BackgroundRoeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Taylor, C., & Harrison, J. (2013) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032093 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation: A Meta-Analysis
Eberth, J., & Sedlmeier, P. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0101-x · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Grossman, P. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0022713 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs
Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026678 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Smallwood, J., Davies, J. B., Heim, D., Finnigan, F., Sudbery, M. V., O’Connor, R. C., & Obonsawin, M. C. (2004) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.06.003 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
On measuring mindfulness in psychosomatic and psychological research
Grossman, P. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.02.001 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Assessment of Mindfulness: Review on State of the Art
Sauer, S., Walach, H., Schmidt, S., Hinterberger, T., Lynch, S., Büssing, A., & Kohls, N. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0122-5 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Mrazek, M. D., Phillips, D. T., Franklin, M. S., Broadway, J. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00560 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22124 · Cited by 392 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…these increases correlate with desirable outcomes such as decreased burnout and stress (Roeser et al. 2013), lower depression and anxiety scores (Desrosiers et al. 2013), better executive functioning (Black et al. 2011), and more optimized patterns of brain functional connectivity (Mooneyham et…”
BackgroundOn the Necessity of Distinguishing Between Unintentional and Intentional Mind Wandering
Seli, P., Risko, E. F., & Smilek, D. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616634068 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
A mind you can count on: validating breath counting as a behavioral measure of mindfulness
Levinson, D. B., Stoll, E. L., Kindy, S. D., Merry, H. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01202 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Tamagawa, R., Giese‐Davis, J., Speca, M., Doll, R., Stephen, J., & Carlson, L. E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21939 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mooneyham, B. W., Mrazek, M. D., Mrazek, A. J., Mrazek, K. L., Phillips, D. T., & Schooler, J. W. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01066 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Burdett, B. R. D., Charlton, S. G., & Starkey, N. J. (2016) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.06.012 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Black, D. S., Semple, R. J., Pokhrel, P., & Grenard, J. L. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0057-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Facets of Dispositional Mindfulness and Health Among College Students
Bodenlos, J. S., Wells, S. Y., Noonan, M., & Mayrsohn, A. (2015) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0302 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bergomi, C., Ströhle, G., Michalak, J., Funke, F., & Berking, M. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.713391 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dillard, M. B., Warm, J. S., Funke, G. J., Funke, M. E., Finomore, V. S., Matthews, G., Shaw, T. H., & Parasuraman, R. (2014) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720814537521 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Xu, W., Zhuang, C., & Liu, X. (2017) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116686036 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Franklin, M. S., Smallwood, J., Zedelius, C. M., Broadway, J. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0885-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fountain‐Zaragoza, S., Londerée, A. M., Whitmoyer, P., & Prakash, R. S. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mindfulness arrives at work: Deepening our understanding of mindfulness in organizations
Reb, J., Allen, T., & Vogus, T. J. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.04.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Nien, J., Wu, C., Yang, K.-T., Cho, Y.-M., Chu, C., Chang, Y., & Zhou, C. (2020) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2020/8213710 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Goldberg, S. B., Knoeppel, C., Davidson, R. J., & Flook, L. (2020) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000369 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Dynamic functional connectivity markers of objective trait mindfulness
Lim, J., Teng, J., Patanaik, A., Tandi, J., & Massar, S. A. A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.056 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationStieger, J., Engel, S. A., Jiang, H., Cline, C. C., Kreitzer, M. J., & He, B. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa234 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hunkin, H., King, D. L., & Zajac, I. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01541-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Levit‐Binnun, N., Arbel, K., & Dorjee, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727857 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Deng, Y., Zhang, B., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Wang, X., & Zhou, C. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.020 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hunkin, H., King, D. L., & Zajac, I. T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23189 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Shuai, R., Bakou, A. E., Hardy, L., & Hogarth, L. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106141 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Djernis, D., O’Toole, M. S., Fjorback, L. O., Svenningsen, H., Mehlsen, M. Y., Stigsdotter, U. K., & Dahlgaard, J. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9070910 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Attention to cardiac sensations enhances the heartbeat-evoked potential during exhalation
Zaccaro, A., della Penna, F., Mussini, E., Parrotta, E., Perrucci, M. G., Costantini, M., & Ferri, F. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109586 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-caught methodologies for measuring mind wandering with meta-awareness: A systematic review
Chu, M. T., Marks, E. M., Smith, C. L., & Chadwick, P. (2023) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2022.103463 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based therapy improves brain functional network reconfiguration efficiency
Yue, W. L., Ng, K. K., Koh, A. J., Perini, F., Doshi, K., Zhou, J. H., & Lim, J. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02642-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationDo you mind a closer look? A jingle-jangle fallacy perspective on mindfulness
Altgassen, E., Geiger, M., & Wilhelm, O. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070231174575 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Webb, C. A., Swords, C. M., Lawrence, H. R., & Hilt, L. M. (2022) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000763 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gavrilova, L., & Zawadzki, M. J. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02214-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Webb, C. A., Swords, C. M., Murray, L., & Hilt, L. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01719-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., Ruimi, L., & Bernstein, A. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001194 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., Ruimi, L., & Bernstein, A. (2021) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/dwzcj · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gu, S., Li, Y., Liang, F., Feng, R., Zeng, Z., & Wang, F. (2020) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2020/8859251 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Turkelson, L. G., & Mano, Q. R. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-021-00231-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Tortella‐Feliu, M., Luís-Reig, J., Gea, J., Cebolla, A., & Soler, J. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01471-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Daily Mindfulness Is Associated With Recovery Processes Among Coaches—A 4-Week Diary Study
Pawsey, F., Wong, J. H. K., Kenttä, G., & Näswall, K. (2021) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2020-0045 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
O’Connor, M., O’Reilly, G., Murphy, E., Connaughton, L., Hoctor, E., & McHugh, L. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.07.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Neural changes in early visual processing after 6 months of mindfulness training in older adults
Isbel, B., Weber, J., Lagopoulos, J., Stefanidis, K. B., Anderson, H. S., & Summers, M. J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78343-w · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mindfulness Induces Changes in Anterior Alpha Asymmetry in Healthy Older Adults
Isbel, B., Lagopoulos, J., Hermens, D. F., & Summers, M. J. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01106-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
O’Connor, M., O’Reilly, G., Murphy, E., Connaughton, L., Hoctor, E., & McHugh, L. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104120 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Meditation attenuates default-mode activity: A pilot study using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI
Ganesan, S., Moffat, B. A., Dam, N. T. V., Lorenzetti, V., & Zalesky, A. (2023) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110766 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ramanathan, D., Nan, J., Grennan, G., Jaiswal, S., Purpura, S. R., Manchanda, J. K., Maric, V., Balasubramani, P. P., & Mishra, J. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100384 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ching, A. S. M., & Lim, J. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02201-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationCultivating Mindfulness in Schools to Promote Well-Being
Renshaw, T. L., Weeks, S. N., Roberson, A. J., Upton, S. R., Barr, J., Phan, M. L., & Farley, C. D. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003013778-11 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Persa, N., Anderson, C. G., Martinez, R., Collins, M., Anderson-Coto, M. J., & Squire, K. D. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3490169 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., Dar, O., Amir, I., Braver, T. S., & Bernstein, A. (2026) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Teng, J., Massar, S. A. A., & Lim, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06342-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAltmann, T., & Roth, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281738 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shaif, N. A. S., Doshi, K., & Lim, J. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13700 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThomas, E. M., Freeman, T. P., Poplutz, P., Howden, K., Hindocha, C., Bloomfield, M., & Kamboj, S. K. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881121991835 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Measuring mindfulness: A systematic review and evaluation of self-report mindfulness scales
Chems-Maarif, R., Cavanagh, K., Baer, R., Gu, J., & Strauss, C. (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102719 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Heapy, C., Norman, P., Emerson, L., Murphy, R., Bögels, S. M., & Thompson, A. R. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01733-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Limited Validity of Breath‐Counting as a Measure of Mindfulness in Ruminative Adolescents
Treves, I. N., Tierney, A. O., Goldberg, S. B., Rouleau, N., Carson, N. J., Schuman‐Olivier, Z., & Webb, C. A. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70071 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lim, J., & Doshi, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_48-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationHadash, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2018) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/z237a · Cited by 6 · see citing works
From Confound to Clinical Tool: Mindfulness and the Observer Effect in Research and Therapy
Bauer, C. C. C., Atad, D. A., Farb, N. A. S., & Brewer, J. A. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Somaraju, L. H., Temple, E. C., Cocks, B., & Bizo, L. A. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231152391 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The influence of mindfulness meditation on mind wandering and its mechanism
Hongtao, S. H. A. O., Guiqin, R. E. N., Xiaoqian, D. I. N. G., Mengmeng, S. H. I., Ruiyan, L. I., & Li, Y. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.02368 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., Dou, Z., Guo, T., Wang, Y., & Zeng, X. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02548-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhuang, W., Michaelson, L., Dimidjian, S., & Munakata, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1644127 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Its Role in Youth Mental Health in Schools
Albertova, S. M. (2024) · Advances in mental health and addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54295-4_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Swanson, D. J., & Apr, E. D. (2020) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bakou, A. E., Hardy, L., Shuai, R., Wright, K. A., & Hogarth, L. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02315-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effects of one-session mindfulness meditation on mind wandering
Shao, H., Ren, G., Li, Y., Wang, M., Shen, Y., Li, R., & Ding, X. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07041-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lim, J., & Doshi, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_48 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurements Used in Studying Mindfulness-Based Programs
Lo, H. H. M. (2024) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51943-7_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Achtsamkeit und pädagogische Professionalität in der Lehrer*innenbildung
Weghaupt, D. (2024) · Achtsamkeit - Bildung - Medien · doi:10.1515/9783839470022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Šumec, R., Filip, P., Vyhnálek, M., Katina, S., Dorjee, D., Hort, J., & Sheardová, K. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02500-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pain-Induced Alcohol Urge and Intention to Drink: the Role of Dispositional Mindfulness
Moskal, D., Víta, M., & Maisto, S. A. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01272-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mindfulness Is in the Eye of the Machine
Lachaud, L., Tissier, G., & Ballenghein, U. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55245-8_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meditation attenuates Default-mode activity: a pilot study using ultra-high strength MRIPreprint
Ganesan, S., Moffat, B. A., Dam, N. T. V., Lorenzetti, V., & Zalesky, A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.02.522524 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Refining Flow: The Re-conceptualization And Measurement Of Flow As Deep Effortless Concentration
Marty-Dugas, J. (2020) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
Hadash, Y., Dar, O., Amir, I., & Bernstein, A. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/s34nh
Mishra, J., Ramanathan, D., Grennan, G., Nan, J., Jaiswal, S., Purpura, S. R., Manchanda, J. K., Maric, V., & Balasubramani, P. P. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304836/v1
Mishra, J., Ramanathan, D., Grennan, G., Nan, J., Jaiswal, S., Purpura, S. R., Manchanda, J. K., Maric, V., & Balasubramani, P. P. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3813664/v1
Weghaupt, D. (2024) · Achtsamkeit - Bildung - Medien · doi:10.1515/9783839470022-042
Breath-Counting Task Enhances the Sensitivity of Fear Acquisition
Li, X., Yang, Y., Wang, R., Zhou, L., & Zheng, X. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15030263
Vergara, R. C., Khoury, B., & Langer, A. I. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02532-9
Messungen, die in achtsamkeitsbasierten Programmen verwendet werden
Lo, H. H. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83285-7_3
Mesure de la conscience du corps et de l'impact sur la cognition de l'information corporelle
Verdonk, C. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/abc55e86zddc9z4a4ezaba1z2cc93cac3fb9
La pleine conscience : un outil d’aide à la désautomatisation des processus cognitifs
Lachaud, L. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f982031az5b77z4f9fz817fz4170222f6fa6
Treves, I. N., Shaffer, C., Decker, A. L., Jaffe, N., Tierney, A. O., Auerbach, R. P., & Webb, C. A. (2026) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-026-01467-5
Noonan, M. A., Mosher, C. E., Seçinti, E., Lewson, A. B., & Johns, S. A. (2026) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951526103083
Doshi, K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90465-4_201-1
- Authors
- F. Wong, K., A. A. Massar, S., Chee, M. W. L., & Lim, J.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Julian
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2018-01-22
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1402-1410
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- PMC
- PMC6153891
- OpenAlex
- W2790063809
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 8.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Far East Organization
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- psychometric properties, test-retest reliability, attentional lapses, mind wandering, task errors, reset, sustained attention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
