MINDFULNESS AND EMOTION REGULATION IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: COMMON AND DISTINCT MECHANISMS OF ACTION: Research Article: Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The current study seeks to investigate the mechanisms through which mindfulness is related to mental health in a clinical sample of adults by examining (1) whether specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, reappraisal, worry, and nonacceptance) mediate associations between mindfulness and depression and anxiety, respectively, and (2) whether these emotion regulation strategies operate uniquely or transdiagnostically in relation to depression and anxiety. METHODS: Participants were 187 adults seeking treatment at a mood and anxiety disorders clinic in Connecticut. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures that included assessments of depression and anxiety (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire), and emotion regulation (Ruminative Response Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale). RESULTS: Simple mediation analyses indicated that rumination and worry significantly mediated associations between mindfulness and anxiety symptoms, whereas rumination and reappraisal significantly mediated associations between mindfulness and depressive symptoms. Multiple mediation analyses showed that worry significantly mediated associations between mindfulness and anxiety symptoms and rumination and reappraisal significantly mediated associations between mindfulness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that mindfulness operates through distinct and common mechanisms depending on clinical context.
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Rumination may be a contributor to anxiety, particularly due to repetitive thoughts about future negative events.
“Rumination may be a contributor to anxiety, particularly due to repetitive thoughts about future negative events.”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion distinguishes the two forms of repetitive thinking: worry concerns future negative outcomes, whereas rumination concerns present and past negative events. Although the paper links rumination with anxiety in simple mediation analysis, it does not attribute that link to thoughts about future events; in multiple mediation analysis, worry rather than rumination was the significant mediator for anxiety. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReappraisal could work specifically with depressive and anxiety symptoms.
“However, reappraisal could work specifically with depressive and anxiety symptoms.3”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The Depression and Anxiety section reports that reappraisal significantly mediated depressive symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. The Conclusion likewise says reappraisal may operate with specificity to depression, so the claim is supported for depressive symptoms but not for anxiety symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCultivating a more accepting and flexible emotion regulation approach may protect against depression and anxiety through reappraisal, acceptance, and problem-solving.
“The second pathway includes cultivating a more accepting and flexible emotion regulation approach that may protect against depression and anxiety through reappraisal, acceptance, and problem-solving [23, 34, 75–78].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
The Results report that reappraisal mediated the association between mindfulness and depression symptoms, but not anxiety symptoms; nonacceptance did not significantly mediate either association. The paper discusses accepting emotions, but the passages do not establish problem-solving as a pathway, so it does not support all three proposed mechanisms for both conditions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese findings emphasize diverse routes through which symptoms are alleviated in individuals with depression and anxiety disorders and contribute to expanding literature that underscores the fundamental role of emotion regulation for mindfulness.
“These findings emphasize the diverse routes through which symptoms are alleviated in individuals with depression and anxiety disorders and contribute to the expanding literature that underscores the fundamental role of emotion regulation for mindfulness [23, 36, 119].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe finding that individuals reported increases in interoceptive awareness (measured by MAIA) is in line with broader theoretical mindfulness frameworks that suggest MT helps individuals learn to become more aware of and observe unpleasant emotions with awareness imbued with curiosity.
“These results and the finding that individuals reported increases in interoceptive awareness (measured by the MAIA) are in line with broader theoretical mindfulness frameworks that suggest that MT helps individuals learn to become more aware of and observe unpleasant emotions with awareness imbued with curiosity [72].”
From Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
DM has consistently been associated with fewer depressive symptoms and anxiety in clinical populations, such as people with depressive disorders, general anxiety disorders, bipolar affective disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
“DM has consistently been associated with fewer depressive symptoms and anxiety in clinical populations, such as people with depressive disorders,21–23 general anxiety disorders,21,22 bipolar affective disorder23–25 and post-traumatic stress disorder.21,22,26,27”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
The Results report negative associations between mindfulness and depressive and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample; the Procedure identifies generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder among its most prevalent diagnoses. The paper does not establish the claimed association specifically for bipolar disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder, and a single study does not establish that it has been found consistently across those populations. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral mediation analyses and longitudinal studies have revealed that rumination significantly mediates associations between DM and symptoms of anxiety and depression in both community populations and patients with depression, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders.
“Several mediation analyses and longitudinal studies have revealed that rumination significantly mediates associations between DM and symptoms of anxiety and depression in both community populations29,31–34 and patients with depression,22,35 anxiety disorders22,35 and substance use disorders.36”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness influences depression and anxiety symptoms through emotional regulatory mechanisms (rumination, reappraisal, worry, and non-acceptance), with emotional regulation as a path through which mindfulness stimulates mental health.
“One study used multiple simple mediation analyses to propose that mindfulness influences depression and anxiety symptoms through emotional regulatory mechanisms (rumination, reappraisal, worry, and non-acceptance) by considering emotional regulation a path through which mindfulness stimulates mental health.”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results report mediation by rumination and reappraisal for depression and by worry for anxiety. The discussion explicitly says nonacceptance did not mediate either association. The Limitations section also cautions that the cross-sectional design precludes a causal interpretation, so the claim overstates mindfulness’s demonstrated influence on mental health. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness helps reduce rumination in depressive and anxiety disorders.
“Moreover, mindfulness improves concrete thinking abilities, focusing on internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment and helping to reduce rumination in depressive and anxiety disorders.3,24”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion (page not supplied) says mindfulness may help people disengage from rumination, and simple mediation analyses linked rumination with both depression and anxiety symptoms. But the paper's multiple mediation analyses found rumination specifically relevant to depression; worry, not rumination, mediated the mindfulness–anxiety association. Its clinical study also does not establish that mindfulness reduces rumination in people with either disorder. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese findings corroborate that mindfulness affects symptoms of depression and anxiety via different pathways [37].
“Even though these effects were rather small, these findings corroborate that mindfulness affects symptoms of depression and anxiety via different pathways [37].”
From The serenity of the meditating mind: A cross-cultural psychometric study on a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness, its effects, and mechanisms related to mental health among experienced meditators (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
The Conclusion says the mediation analyses suggest distinct pathways: reappraisal for depression symptoms and worry for anxiety symptoms, alongside rumination as a common pathway. But the Limitations state that the cross-sectional design precludes causal interpretations, so the claim that mindfulness *affects* symptoms via those pathways is stronger than the evidence supports. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPast empirical studies indicate a link between trait mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in both clinical and nonclinical populations.
“Although past empirical studies indicate a link between trait mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in both clinical [22, 23] and nonclinical populations [35–38]”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Conceptual models of psychopathology and prominent perspectives on MBIs have consistently proposed key underlying psychological processes such as emotion regulation and mindfulness skills.
“Conceptual models of psychopathology and prominent perspectives on MBIs have consistently proposed certain key underlying psychological processes, such as emotion regulation and mindfulness skills [5,24,42,43,44,45,48,50,63,64,65,66].”
A link has been found between difficulties with emotional regulation and psychopathology, primarily among people with mood and anxiety disorders.
“A link has been found between difficulties with emotional regulation and psychopathology, primarily among people with mood and anxiety disorders.3”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The mechanisms behind mindfulness and its association with symptoms of depression and anxiety are still not well known.
“While studies have observed the efficacy of mindfulness, the mechanisms behind mindfulness and its association with symptoms of depression and anxiety are still not well known.3”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
For depression, rumination may involve repetitive thoughts about present and past negative consequences.
“For depression, rumination may involve repetitive thoughts about present and past negative consequences.”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Mindfulness improves concrete thinking abilities.
“Moreover, mindfulness improves concrete thinking abilities, focusing on internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment and helping to reduce rumination in depressive and anxiety disorders.3,24”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Rumination was found to be associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression.
“In this study on emotional regulation difficulties and psychopathology, rumination was found to be associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression.3”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
The association between emotional regulation difficulties and psychopathology has primarily been found in mood and anxiety disorders.
“The association between emotional regulation difficulties and psychopathology has primarily been found in mood and anxiety disorders.”
From Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
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“Worry and rumination share considerable conceptual overlap and are significantly correlated with each other;[60] both constructs can be considered forms of repetitive thinking involving overengagement with cognitions, but worry involves repetitive thinking and apprehensiveness about future negative outcomes, whereas r…”
BackgroundModinos, G., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq006 · Cited by 233 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Findings for depression are consistent with previous studies indicating that reappraisal may mediate the influence of mindfulness on psychological distress[24] and with neuroimaging studies showing positive correlations between dispositional mindfulness and regions of the brain activated through reappraisal.[66] The c…”
ResultTull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.006 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Neuroticism and Ruminative Response Style as Predictors of Change in Depressive Symptomatology
Nolan, S. A., Roberts, J. E., & Gotlib, I. H. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018769531641 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Changes in mindfulness and emotion regulation in an exposure-based cognitive therapy for depression
Kumar, S., Feldman, G., & Hayes, A. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9190-1 · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several studies of clinical and community samples have shown that increases in trait mindfulness are associated with decreases in nonacceptance of aversive emotion.[22, 29, 30] Participants who underwent a mindfulness manipulation (versus unfocused attention) also showed greater wiliness to view upsetting images, sugg…”
BackgroundShahar, B., Britton, W. B., Sbarra, D. A., Figueredo, A. J., & Bootzin, R. R. (2010) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2010.3.4.402 · Cited by 185 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[32] Furthermore, following a trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), reductions in rumination and increases in mindfulness mediated treatment effects on depressive symptoms in a community sample with remitted major depressive disorder.[33] Similarly, completing a course of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduct…”
BackgroundArch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.02.005 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Campbell, T. S., Labelle, L. E., Bacon, S. L., Faris, P., & Carlson, L. E. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9357-1 · Cited by 173 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[33] Similarly, completing a course of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) appears to increase levels of trait mindfulness and decrease levels of rumination in community samples,[34, 35] changes that may be inversely correlated with sufficient statistical power.”
BackgroundEvolving Conceptions of Mindfulness in Clinical Settings
Carmody, J. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.270 · Cited by 162 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This nonevaluative, nonjudgmental reappraisal or reframing may then lead to improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms.[20, 26, 27].”
BackgroundDelgado, L. C., Guerra, P., Perakakis, P., Vera, M. N., Reyes del Paso, G., & Vila, J. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.012 · Cited by 156 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[36] Higher levels of self-reported trait mindfulness have been associated with less worry in community samples,[37] and increases in mindfulness following mindfulness training have been associated with decreases in frequency and duration of worry,[38, 39] as well as with physiological indices of worry such as respira…”
BackgroundThe healthy quality of mindful breathing: associations with rumination and depression
Burg, J. M., & Michalak, J. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9343-x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Depressive rumination: Investigating mechanisms to improve cognitive behavioural treatments
Watkins, E. R. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902980695 · Cited by 108 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[32, 59] In addition, recent studies show that improving concrete thinking abilities and increasing experiential absorption in present experiences are critical for reducing rumination.[59] Mindfulness involves both of these processes in that it encourages individuals to observe and describe experiences in the present…”
BackgroundShared decision making in cancer care
Butow, P. N., & Tattersall, M. (2005) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284200500221078 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Garland, E. L., Farb, N. A., R. Goldin, P., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1064294 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Relation between Emotion Regulation and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis Review
Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Mistry, R., Ran, G., & Wang, X. (2014) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/03.20.pr0.114k22w4 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
The structure of common emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic examination
Naragon-Gainey, K., McMahon, T. P., & Chacko, T. P. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000093 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Dryman, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.004 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in parenthood
Rutherford, H. J. V., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Mindfulness and emotion regulation
Roemer, L., Williston, S. K., & Rollins, L. G. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.006 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Riepenhausen, A., Wackerhagen, C., Reppmann, Z. C., Deter, H., Kalisch, R., Veer, I. M., & Walter, H. (2022) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739221114642 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“In addition, PCR acts as a mediator in the relation between different assumed resilience factors, such as mindfulness (Aliche & Onyishi, 2019; Desrosiers et al., 2013; McKee et al., 2019; Parmentier et al., 2019), secure attachment style (Karreman & Vingerhoets, 2012), perceived social support…”
BackgroundState Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal
Garland, E. L., Hanley, A., Farb, N. A., & Froeliger, B. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0250-6 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“…mediates the association between dispositional mindfulness and depressive symptoms among treatment-seeking patients with psychiatric disorders (Desrosiers et al. 2013) and mediates the association between mindfulness and craving among persons with substance dependence (Garland et al. 2013).”
BackgroundParmentier, F. B. R., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P., & Gili, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00506 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Our data are also in line with previous findings of a positive association between mindfulness and reappraisal (Garland et al., 2011; Hölzel et al., 2011; Froeliger et al., 2012; Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPsychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale across demographic groups.
Ritschel, L. A., Tone, E. B., Schoemann, A. M., & Lim, N. E. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000099 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Curtiss, J., & Klemanski, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.024 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential associations of specific depressive and anxiety disorders with somatic symptoms
Bekhuis, E., Boschloo, L., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Schoevers, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.007 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“In addition, several treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy [59,60] andmindfulness [61–63] have shown to be effective for depressive and anxiety disorders as well as somatic symptoms.”
BackgroundDysregulation of Inflammation, Neurobiology, and Cognitive Function in PTSD: An Integrative Review
Quinones, M., Gallegos, A. M., Lin, F., & Heffner, K. (2020) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00782-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Relationship between mindfulness, depression, anxiety and stress: Mediating role of self-efficacy
Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111363 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Pearson, M. R., Lawless, A. K., Brown, D. B., & Bravo, A. J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.009 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
de Manincor, M., Bensoussan, A., Smith, C. A., Barr, K., Schweickle, M. M., Donoghoe, L.-L., Bourchier, S., & Fahey, P. P. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22502 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Campo, R. A., Bluth, K., Santacroce, S. J., Knapik, S., Tan, J., Gold, S., Philips, K., Gaylord, S., & Asher, G. N. (2017) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-017-3586-y · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“First, mindfulness, one of the three components of self-compassion, can reduce excessive worrying and rumination that leads to anxiety and depressive symptoms [11].”
BackgroundZhang, J.-X., Liu, X.-H., Xie, X.-H., Zhao, D., Shan, M.-S., Zhang, X.-L., Kong, X.-M., & Cui, H. (2015) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2015.02.005 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Iani, L., Lauriola, M., Chiesa, A., & Cafaro, V. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0981-5 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness co-varies with self-reported positive reappraisal
Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.014 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“reappraisal statistically mediates the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and diverse outcomes, such as depression (Desrosiers et al., 2013), alcohol and drug cravings (Garland et al.”
BackgroundTang, M., Huang, H., Li, S., Zhou, M., Liu, Z., Huang, R., Liao, W., Xie, P., & Zhou, J. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0605-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tran, U. S., Cebolla, A., Glück, T. M., Soler, J., Garcia-Campayo, J., & von Moy, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110192 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“though these effects were rather small, these findings corroborate that mindfulness affects symptoms of depression and anxiety via different pathways [37].”
BackgroundResultMindfulness Facets and Depression in Adolescents: Rumination as a Mediator
Royuela-Colomer, E., & Calvete, E. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0547-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Drüge, M., & Fritsche, L. (2020) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_17 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Fang, Y., Huang, H., Lv, W., Wang, X., Yang, T., Yuan, J., Gao, Y., Qian, R., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13265 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Current research has shown that mindfulness improves the abilities of concrete thinking and increases the absorption of current experience, thus reducing the effects of rumination on anxiety and depression (Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodNoone, C., Bunting, B. P., & Hogan, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02043 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“…such as increased life satisfaction (Kong et al., 2014), better emotional regulation (Goodall et al., 2012), lower depression and anxiety symptoms (Desrosiers et al., 2013), less negative and more positive affect (Short et al., 2015), and increased self-esteem (Rasmussen and Pidgeon, 2011).”
BackgroundMechanisms of mindfulness: Rumination and self-compassion
Svendsen, J. L., Kvernenes, K. V., Wiker, A. S., & Dundas, I. (2017) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2016.1171730 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“In the context of depressive symptoms in particular, rumination seems to play a key role (Desrosiers et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFreudenthaler, L., Turba, J. D., & Tran, U. S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0709-y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Chu, C.-S., Stubbs, B., Chen, T.-Y., Tang, C.-H., Li, D.-J., Yang, W.-C., Wu, C.-K., Carvalho, A. F., Vieta, E., Miklowitz, D. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.025 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“…by which mindfulness could reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety might be explained, at least in part, by emotional regulation (Aldao et al., 2010) Major emotional regulation strategies related to mindfulness include reappraisal, rumination, worry, and non-acceptance (Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialMaintaining an even keel: An affect-mediated model of mindfulness and hostile work behavior.
Krishnakumar, S., & Robinson, M. D. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000060 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Measures of emotion reactivity and emotion regulation: Convergent and discriminant validity
Zelkowitz, R. L., & Cole, D. A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.045 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Garland, E. L., Kiken, L. G., Faurot, K., Palsson, O., & Gaylord, S. A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9768-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“For example, cross-sectional research shows that dispositional mindfulness is significantly associated with reappraisal among healthy individuals and those with psychiatric, medical, and substance use disorders (Desrosiers et al. 2013; Garland et al. 2014c; Hanley and Garland 2014).”
BackgroundAdolescent mindfulness and psychopathology: The role of emotion regulation
Pepping, C. A., Duvenage, M., Cronin, T. J., & Lyons, A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.089 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Crescentini, C., Chittaro, L., Capurso, V., Sioni, R., & Fabbro, F. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.031 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cheung, R. Y. M., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1069-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Role of yoga and mindfulness in severe mental illnesses: A narrative review
Sathyanarayanan, G., Vengadavaradan, A., & Bharadwaj, B. (2018) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_65_17 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Another mechanism could be the development of non‐judgemental, observing stance to the ruminations, thereby facilitating the ruminators to disengage and mitigate the maintaining effect of ruminations in depression.[65] Recent literature cautions the use of meditative practices in patients with psychosis as it might ex…”
BackgroundMoreira, H., Gouveia, M. J., & Canavarro, M. C. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00602-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Khaddouma, A. M., Gordon, K. C., & Bolden, J. (2014) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2014.992408 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
F. Wong, K., A. A. Massar, S., Chee, M. W. L., & Lim, J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0880-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“…these increases correlate with desirable outcomes such as decreased burnout and stress (Roeser et al. 2013), lower depression and anxiety scores (Desrosiers et al. 2013), better executive functioning (Black et al. 2011), and more optimized patterns of brain functional connectivity (Mooneyham et…”
BackgroundAssessing the Relationship between Mindful Awareness and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents
Gámez‐Guadix, M., & Calvete, E. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0566-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Similarly, recent studies indicate that trait mindfulness is associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in rumination (e.g., Desrosiers et al. 2013).”
Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature
Rodrigues, M. F., Nardi, A. E., & Levitan, M. (2017) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0051 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“2017;39(3) – 213 Mindfulness in mood and anxiety disorders - Rodrigues et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialMehrsafar, A. H., Strahler, J., Gazerani, P., Khabiri, M., Sánchez, J. C. J., Moosakhani, A., & Zadeh, A. M. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112655 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Alzahrani, A. M., Hakami, A., AlHadi, A. N., Batais, M. A., Alrasheed, A. A., & Almigbal, T. H. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231088 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“The proposed mechanisms are a decrease in rumination and worry and an increase in positive reappraisal [29, 30].”
BackgroundMindfulness and emotion regulation: promoting well-being during the transition to college
Finkelstein-Fox, L., Park, C. L., & Riley, K. E. (2018) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1518635 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“…moment (Coffey et al., 2010; Jimenez et al., 2010), positive reappraisal (Garland et al., 2011), or decreases in ruminative cognitions (Riley, 2015), all of which have been closely linked to depression (Chambers et al., 2009; Desrosiers et al., 2013, 2014) and may help to explain these effects.”
BackgroundMindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults
Prakash, R. S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A., & Schirda, B. L. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1100158 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Although previous studies have reported associations with reappraisal (Desrosiers et al., 2013; Jermann et al., 2009; Hanley & Garland, 2014), the majority of these studies have employed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003) to assess strategy use.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBarcaccia, B., Baiocco, R., Pozza, A., Pallini, S., Mancini, F., & Salvati, M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.012 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“However, correlational research has produced mixed findings about the relation between trait mindfulness and rumination: some studies indicate that trait mindfulness, particularly Non-reacting, Acting-with-awareness, and Non-judging, are associated with less rumination (Coffey, Hartman, & Fredrickson, 2010; Desrosiers…”
BackgroundResultMindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP): Stage 1 single-arm clinical trial
Loucks, E. B., Nardi, W. R., Gutman, R., Kronish, I. M., Saadeh, F. B., Li, Y., Wentz, A. E., Webb, J., Vago, D. R., Harrison, A., et al. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223095 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“While the DERS has not been widely evaluated in mindfulness interventions to date, preliminary clinical trials suggest that mindfulness interventions may influence the DERS.”
ResultMindful Parenting and Emotion Socialization Practices: Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations
McKee, L. G., Parent, J. M., Zachary, C., & Forehand, R. (2017) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12329 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Henje, E., Duncan, L. G., Ho, T. C., Connolly, C. G., LeWinn, K. Z., Chesney, M. A., Hecht, F. M., & Yang, T. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00630 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The TARA model has been influenced by practice modalities found in MBSR and MBCT based on evidence of their efficacy for the relevant domains of function as previously outlined (Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
MethodBiobehavioral Mechanisms of Mindfulness as a Treatment for Chronic Stress: An RDoC Perspective
Garland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Baker, A. K., & Howard, M. O. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017711912 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Examining trait mindfulness, emotion dysregulation, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis.
Schirda, B., Nicholas, J. A., & Prakash, R. S. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000215 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sanilevici, M., Reuveni, O., Lev-Ari, S., Golland, Y., & Levit-Binnun, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720965 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…present study’s and others’ findings, it is expected that neural mechanisms would be associated with emotion control and regulation (Grueschow et al., 2020, 2021; Kaldewaij et al., 2021) as well as overlapping the neural mechanisms underlying face-to-face MBIs (e.g., Farb et al., 2007, 2013).”
BackgroundMindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xuan, R., Li, X., Qiao, Y., Guo, Q., Liu, X., Deng, W., Hu, Q., Wang, K., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113116 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Christie, A. M., Atkins, P. W. B., & Donald, J. N. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0606-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Dubey, N., Podder, P., & Pandey, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589365 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Rheumatoid Arthritis
DiRenzo, D., Crespo-Bosque, M., Gould, N. F., Finan, P. H., Nanavati, J., & Bingham, C. O. (2018) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-018-0787-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The conditional process model of mindfulness and emotion regulation: An empirical test
Curtiss, J., Klemanski, D. H., Andrews, L., Ito, M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.027 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion Regulation as a Mediator of Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms in Recurrent Depression
Bakker, A. M., Cox, D. W., Hubley, A. M., & Owens, R. L. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1072-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Raphiphatthana, B., Jose, P. E., & Kielpikowski, M. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pepping, C. A., O’Donovan, A., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Hanisch, M. (2014) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12050 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cheung, R. Y. M., & Lau, E. N.-S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591103 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“These findings add to the growing evidence of the mechanisms between mindfulness and psychological adjustment (Brown and Ryan, 2003; Desrosiers et al., 2013; Cheung and Ng, 2019; Cheung et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSchulte‐Frankenfeld, P. M., & Trautwein, F. (2022) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12328 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Other studies primarily investigated the mediative role of reappraisal on clinical outcomes such as symptoms of anxiety and depression (Desrosiers et al., 2013; Freudenthaler et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSmoski, M. J., Keng, S.-L., Ji, J. L., Moore, T., Minkel, J., & Dichter, G. S. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Cross-sectional (Jermann et al. , 2009; Desrosiers et al. , 2013) and intervention-based (Bormann and Carrico, 2009; M.J. Smoski, J.G. Brantley, M.M. Llabre, T.R. Lynch, E.C. Suarez, R.Q. Wolever and J.M. Greeson, submitted for publication) studies suggest that reappraisal use mediates the…”
Jaiswal, S., Tsai, S., Juan, C.-H., Liang, W., & Muggleton, N. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00627 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“From previous correlational studies (Coffey and Hartman, 2008; Desrosiers et al., 2013), it was expected that individuals with HMLA or LMHA would be more common than individuals with high mindfulness, high anxiety or low mindfulness, low anxiety in a normal sample of the population.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTumminia, M. J., Colaianne, B. A., Roeser, R. W., & Galla, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01238-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Drissi, N., Ouhbi, S., Idrissi, M. A. J., & Ghogho, M. (2020) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Interventions for music performance anxiety: Results from a systematic literature review.
Burin, A. B., & Osório, F. D. L. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/0101-60830000000097 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Jaiswal, S., Tsai, S., Juan, C.-H., Muggleton, N. G., & Liang, W. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“There is empirical evidence from mediational (Coffey and Hartman, 2008; Arch and Craske, 2010; Desrosiers et al., 2013), behavioral (Jaiswal et al.”
BackgroundParks, A. C., Williams, A. L., Kackloudis, G. M., Stafford, J. L., Boucher, E. M., & Honomichl, R. D. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16211 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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“Emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [31], and as a maintenance factor in psychological disorder [32], but has not previously been examined as a potential predictor of adherence to online interventions [21] and warrants further research.”
BackgroundMindfulness and anxiety among university students: Moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation
Malik, S., & Perveen, A. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01906-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mindfulness improves verbal learning and memory through enhanced encoding
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An Affective Cognitive Neuroscience-Based Approach to PTSD Psychotherapy: The TARGET Model
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“Desrosiers et al. (2013) claimed that the non-judgmental, observing stance of mindfulness is antithetical to being self-critical and help individuals disengage from it, thus reducing the effects of rumination on the maintenance of depressive symptoms.”
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Does Rumination Function as a Longitudinal Mediator Between Mindfulness and Depression?
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Mindfulness moderates the relation between trauma and anxiety symptoms in college students
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Facets of mindfulness mediate behavioral inhibition systems and emotion dysregulation
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“The FFMQ has demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Baer et al. 2006) and construct validity (Desrosiers et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013).”
BackgroundReport of the 2016-2017 Student Affairs Standing Committee
Chesnut, R. J., Atcha, I. I., Do, D. P., Harrell, K., Holland, A. A., Miller, M. L., Shields, K. M., Sousa, K. M., Broek, R. A. V. D., Zeeman, J. M., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpes12 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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“…involving the three positive components of self-compassion are inconsistent with the one study which demonstrated that mindfulness was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms via rumination in a sample of adults seeking treatment for anxiety and mood disorders (Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
A network approach to the five-facet model of mindfulness
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Mindfulness Moderates Depression and Quality of Prenatal Attachment in Expectant Parents
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Self-Acceptance of Negative Emotions: The Positive Relationship With Effective Cognitive Reappraisal
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“, 2009) and other findings showing that reappraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and decreased stress and depression (Desrosiers et al., 2013; Garland et al., 2011).”
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“…1 ) 7 Depression and Anxiety between trait mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in both clinical [22, 23] and nonclinical populations [35 – 38], longitudinal studies examining changes in emotion regulation as a mediator between increases in…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMindfulness: An effective coaching tool for improving physical and mental health
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“Several mindfulness based interventions have proven effective in reducing depressive symptoms and promoting mental health (Desrosiers et al., 2013; Hofmann, Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010).”
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“reducing excessive worry and rumination, anxiety and depression symptoms may be reduced (Desrosiers et al., 2013; Kuyken et al., 2017), an important effect for a population of which a third experiences clinically significant distress.”
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“Mindfulness has been consistently shown to have an inverse relationship with depression and anxiety, as demonstrated by cross-sectional studies (Barcaccia et al., 2019; Desrosiers et al., 2013; Prieto-Fidalgo et al., 2022), intensive longitudinal studies (e.”
Result
- Authors
- Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Department of Psychology; Yale University; New Haven; Connecticut
- Corresponding author
- Desrosiers, Alethea
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2013-04-16
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 654-661
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4012253
- OpenAlex
- W1512345889
- Semantic Scholar
- ad8626a0d99a6cdea5179a01a2c06f84a72c1a75
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 23.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA019426)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- mindfulness, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, worry, mediation, transdiagnostic mechanisms, mood and anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mood Disorders, Mindfulness
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