Metformin: Mechanisms in Human Obesity and Weight Loss

Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years

Collaborators, T. G. 2. O. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1614362 · Cited by 7,918 · see citing works

10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes

Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751 · see citing works

The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., Harrison, S. A., Brunt, E. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29367 · Cited by 7,239 · see citing works

Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action

Zhou, G., Myers, R., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Shen, X., Fenyk-Melody, J., Wu, M., Ventre, J., Doebber, T., Fujii, N., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13505 · Cited by 5,652 · see citing works

Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

Morrison, D. J., & Preston, T. (2016) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1134082 · Cited by 3,781 · see citing works

Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control

Karlsson, F. H., Tremaroli, V., Nookaew, I., Bergström, G., Behre, C. J., Fagerberg, B., Nielsen, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12198 · Cited by 3,115 · see citing works

Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy

Kahn, S. E., Haffner, S. M., Heise, M. A., Herman, W. H., Holman, R. R., Jones, N. P., Kravitz, B. G., Lachin, J. M., O'Neill, M. C., Zinman, B., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066224 · Cited by 2,962 · see citing works

The Scientific World Journal

(2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/tswj · Cited by 2,600 · see citing works

Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

OWEN, M. R., DORAN, E., & HALESTRAP, A. P. (2000) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3480607 · Cited by 2,157 · see citing works

The Kinase LKB1 Mediates Glucose Homeostasis in Liver and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin

Shaw, R. J., Lamia, K. A., Vasquez, D., Koo, S.-H., Bardeesy, N., DePinho, R. A., Montminy, M., & Cantley, L. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120781 · Cited by 1,950 · see citing works

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Comprehensive Clinical Practice Guidelines For Medical Care of Patients with Obesity

Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works

mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease

Johnson, S. C., Rabinovitch, P. S., & Kaeberlein, M. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11861 · Cited by 1,676 · see citing works

Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

Wu, H., Esteve, E., Tremaroli, V., Khan, M. T., Caesar, R., Mannerås-Holm, L., Ståhlman, M., Olsson, L. M., Serino, M., Planas-Fèlix, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4345 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works

An increase in the <i>Akkermansia</i> spp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice

Shin, N.-R., Lee, J.-C., Lee, H.-Y., Kim, M.-S., Whon, T. W., Lee, M.-S., & Bae, J.-W. (2014) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303839 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works

Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I

El-Mir, M.-Y., Nogueira, V., Fontaine, E., Avéret, N., Rigoulet, M., & Leverve, X. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.1.223 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works

Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

DeFronzo, R. A., & Goodman, A. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330902 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works

Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., Ryan, D. H., & Still, C. D. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3415 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works

Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

Madiraju, A. K., Erion, D. M., Rahimi, Y., Zhang, X.-M., Braddock, D. T., Albright, R. A., Prigaro, B. J., Wood, J. L., Bhanot, S., MacDonald, M. J., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13270 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works

Metformin Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Mice Independently of the LKB1/AMPK Pathway via a Decrease in Hepatic Energy State

Foretz, M., Hébrard, S., Leclerc, J., Zarrinpashneh, E., Soty, M., Mithieux, G., Sakamoto, K., Andreelli, F., & Viollet, B. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci40671 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works

Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Stumvoll, M., Nurjhan, N., Perriello, G., Dailey, G., & Gerich, J. E. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330903 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works

Metformin as a tool to target aging

Barzilai, N., Crandall, J. P., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Espeland, M. A. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works

Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice.

Vaisse, C., Halaas, J. L., Horvath, C. M., Darnell, J. E., Stoffel, M., & Friedman, J. M. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0996-95 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works

Metformin: historical overview

Bailey, C. J. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4318-z · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works

Next-Generation Beneficial Microbes: The Case of Akkermansia muciniphila

Cani, P. D., & de Vos, W. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01765 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works

Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.

Hundal, R. S., Krssak, M., Dufour, S., Laurent, D., Lebon, V, Chandramouli, V, Inzucchi, S. E., Schumann, W. C., Petersen, K. F., Landau, B. R., et al. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2063 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works

Metformin retards aging in C. elegans by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism

Cabreiro, F., Au, C., Leung, K.-Y., Vergara-Irigaray, N., Cochemé, H. M., Noori, T., Weinkove, D., Schuster, E., Greene, N. D. E., & Gems, D. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.035 · Cited by 967 · see citing works

Metformin, independent of AMPK, inhibits mTORC1 in a rag GTPase-dependent manner

Kalender, A., Selvaraj, A., Kim, S. Y., Gulati, P., Brûlé, S., Viollet, B., Kemp, B. E., Bardeesy, N., Dennis, P., Schlager, J. J., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.014 · Cited by 889 · see citing works

Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP

Miller, R., Chu, Q., Xie, J., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11808 · Cited by 828 · see citing works

Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Inzucchi, S. E., Maggs, D. G., Spollett, G. R., Page, S. L., Rife, F. S., Walton, V., & Shulman, G. I. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199803263381303 · Cited by 794 · see citing works

Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract

McCreight, L. J., Bailey, C. J., & Pearson, E. R. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3844-9 · Cited by 733 · see citing works

Metformin Induces a Dietary Restriction-Like State and the Oxidative Stress Response to Extend C. elegans Healthspan via AMPK, LKB1 and SKN-1

Onken, B., & Driscoll, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008758 · Cited by 671 · see citing works

Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats

Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Xu, J., Xue, Z., Zhang, M., Pang, X., Zhang, X., & Zhao, L. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep14405 · Cited by 630 · see citing works

Risk of fracture in women with type 2 diabetes: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Bonds, D., Larson, J. C., Schwartz, A., Strotmeyer, E., Robbins, J. A., Rodríguez, B., Johnson, K. C., & Margolis, K. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0614 · Cited by 602 · see citing works

Age-dependent deterioration of nuclear pore complexes causes a loss of nuclear integrity in postmitotic cells.

D'Angelo, M. A., Raices, M., Panowski, S. H., & Hetzer, M. W. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.037 · Cited by 565 · see citing works

Bone mineral density and fracture risk in type-2 diabetes mellitus: the Rotterdam Study.

de Liefde, I. I., van der Klift, M., Laet, C. E. D. H. D., van Daele, P. L. A., Albert Hofman, D., & Pols, H. A. P. (2005) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1909-1 · Cited by 555 · see citing works

<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019</i> Abridged for Primary Care Providers

American Diabetes Association (2019) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd18-0105 · Cited by 539 · see citing works

AMPK is essential for energy homeostasis regulation and glucose sensing by POMC and AgRP neurons

Claret, M., Smith, M. A., Batterham, R. L., Selman, C., Choudhury, A. I., Fryer, L. G. D., Clements, M., Al‐Qassab, H., Heffron, H., Xu, A. W., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31516 · Cited by 511 · see citing works

Long-Term Safety, Tolerability, and Weight Loss Associated With Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1299 · Cited by 494 · see citing works

The Human Microbiome and Obesity: Moving beyond Associations

Maruvada, P., Leone, V., Kaplan, L. M., & Chang, E. B. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.005 · Cited by 468 · see citing works

Metformin Action: Concentrations Matter

He, L., & Wondisford, F. E. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.003 · Cited by 448 · see citing works

Long-term Effects of Metformin on Metabolism and Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Kooy, A., de Jager, J., Lehert, P., Bets, D., Wulffelé, M. G., Donker, A. J. M., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.20 · Cited by 440 · see citing works

Accumulation of Metformin by Tissues of the Normal and Diabetic Mouse

Wilcock, C., & Bailey, C. J. (1994) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.3109/00498259409043220 · Cited by 418 · see citing works

Quantification of metformin by the HPLC method in brain regions, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide

Łabuzek, K., Suchy, D., Gabryel, B., Bielecka, A., Liber, S., & Okopień, B. (2010) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70357-1 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Metformin Activates a Duodenal Ampk-Dependent Pathway to Lower Hepatic Glucose Production in Rats

Duca, F. A., Côté, C. D., Rasmussen, B. A., Zadeh-Tahmasebi, M., Rutter, G. A., Filippi, B. M., & Lam, T. K. T. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3787 · Cited by 402 · see citing works

Osteoarthritis, obesity and weight loss: evidence, hypotheses and horizons - a scoping review

Bliddal, H., Leeds, A. R., & Christensen, R. (2014) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12173 · Cited by 380 · see citing works

The blooming of the French lilac

Witters, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14178 · Cited by 370 · see citing works

Mechanisms of thrombosis in obesity

Blokhin, I. O., & Lentz, S. R. (2013) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e3283634443 · Cited by 352 · see citing works

The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-Term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies

Buse, J. B., DeFronzo, R. A., Rosenstock, J., Kim, T., Burns, C., Skare, S., Baron, A., & Fineman, M. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0488 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

Metformin Decreases Food Consumption and Induces Weight Loss in Subjects with Obesity with Type II Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes

Lee, A., & Morley, J. E. (1998) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00314.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works

Sarcopenic/Obesity and Physical Capacity in Older Men and Women: Data From the Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging (NuAge)—the Quebec Longitudinal Study

Bouchard, D. R., Dionne, I. J., & Brochu, M. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.109 · Cited by 314 · see citing works

Metformin protects against apoptosis and senescence in nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorates disc degeneration in vivo

Chen, D., Xia, D., Pan, Z., Xu, D., Zhou, Y., Wu, Y., Cai, N., Tang, Q., Wang, C., Yan, M., et al. (2016) · Cell Death &amp; Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.334 · Cited by 314 · see citing works

Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

Mäkimattila, S., Nikkilä, K., & Yki‐Järvinen, H. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051172 · Cited by 313 · see citing works

Metformin inhibits gluconeogenesis via a redox-dependent mechanism in vivo

Madiraju, A. K., Qiu, Y., Perry, R. J., Rahimi, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Camporez, J. P., Cline, G. W., Butrico, G. M., Kemp, B. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0125-4 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

Metformin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

LI, Y., LIU, L., WANG, B., WANG, J., & CHEN, D. (2013) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2012.18 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Novel Gut-Based Pharmacology of Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Napolitano, A., Miller, S. L., Nicholls, A. W., Baker, D., Horn, S. V., Thomas, E., Rajpal, D. K., Spivak, A., Brown, J. R., & Nunez, D. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100778 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

Association of Organic Cation Transporter 1 With Intolerance to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A GoDARTS Study

Dujić, T., Zhou, K., Donnelly, L. A., Tavendale, R., Palmer, C. N. A., & Pearson, E. R. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1388 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

The Effect of Metformin on the Metabolic Abnormalities Associated With Upper-Body Fat Distribution. BIGPRO Study Group

Fontbonne, A., Charles, M.-A. A., Juhan-Vague, I., Bard, J., André, P., Isnard, F., Cohen, J. M., Grandmottet, P., Vague, P., Safar, M. E., et al. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.9.920 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

Metformin alters upper small intestinal microbiota that impact a glucose-SGLT1-sensing glucoregulatory pathway

Bauer, P. V., Duca, F. A., Waise, T. M. Z., Rasmussen, B. A., Abraham, M. A., Dranse, H. J., Puri, A., O’Brien, C. A., & Lam, T. K. T. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.019 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Bile acids are important direct and indirect regulators of the secretion of appetite- and metabolism-regulating hormones from the gut and pancreas

Kuhre, R. E., Albrechtsen, N. J. W., Larsen, O., Jepsen, S. L., Balk-Møller, E., Andersen, D. B., Deacon, C. F., Schoonjans, K., Reimann, F. M., Gribble, F. M., et al. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.007 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Metformin in prevention and treatment of antipsychotic induced weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

de Silva, V. A., Suraweera, C., Ratnatunga, S. S., Dayabandara, M., Wanniarachchi, N., & Hanwella, R. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1049-5 · Cited by 227 · see citing works

An Ancient, Unified Mechanism for Metformin Growth Inhibition in C. Elegans and Cancer

Wu, L., Zhou, B., Oshiro-Rapley, N., Li, M., Paulo, J. A., Webster, C. M., Mou, F., Kacergis, M. C., Talkowski, M. E., Carr, C. E., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.055 · Cited by 227 · see citing works

Metformin and body weight

Golay, A. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803695 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Differential engagement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex by goal-directed and habitual behavior toward food pictures in humans

de Wit, S., Corlett, P. R., Aitken, M. R., Dickinson, A., & Fletcher, P. C. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1639-09.2009 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INFLAMMATION: Metabolic Acidosis and Malnutrition‐Inflammation Complex Syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure

Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Mehrotra, R., Fouque, D. P., & Kopple, J. D. (2004) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17606.x · Cited by 197 · see citing works

High and typical 18F-FDG bowel uptake in patients treated with metformin

Gontier, E., Fourme, E., Wartski, M., Blondet, C., Bonardel, G., Stanc, E. L., Mantzarides, M., Foehrenbach, H., Pecking, A.-P., & Alberini, J. (2007) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0563-6 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

Metformin reduces weight, centripetal obesity, insulin, leptin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in nondiabetic, morbidly obese subjects with body mass index greater than 30

Glueck, C. J., Fontaine, R. N., Wang, P., Subbiah, M. T. R., Weber, K., Illig, E., Streicher, P., Sieve-Smith, L., Tracy, T. M., Lang, J. E., et al. (2001) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2001.24192 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Influence of medications on taste and smell

Schiffman, S. S. (2018) · World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

An energetic tale of AMPK-independent effects of metformin

Miller, R., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci43661 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Mechanisms Underlying Metformin-Induced Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 from the Intestinal L Cell

Mulherin, A. J., Oh, A., Kim, H., Grieco, A. J., Lauffer, L. M., & Brubaker, P. L. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1485 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Metformin interferes with bile acid homeostasis through AMPK-FXR crosstalk

Lien, F., Berthier, A., Bouchaert, E., Gheeraert, C., Alexandre, J., Porez, G., Prawitt, J., Dehondt, H., Ploton, M., Colin, S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci68815 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

CCXIV.—The preparation of methylguanidine, and of ββ-dimethylguanidine by the interaction of dicyanodiamide, and methylammonium and dimethylammonium chlorides respectively

Werner, E. A., & Bell, J. (1922) · Journal of the Chemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1039/ct9222101790 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Metformin Restores Leptin Sensitivity in High-Fat–Fed Obese Rats With Leptin Resistance

Kim, Y., Kim, J., Park, Y.-H., Park, S., Won, K. C., Choi, K. H., Huh, J.-Y., & Moon, K. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0917 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Effect of metformin on food intake in obese subjects

Paolisso, G., Amato, Eccellente, Gambardella, A., Tagliamonte, Varricchio, Carella, Giugliano, D., & Donofrio (1998) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00304.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Organic cation transporter 1 variants and gastrointestinal side effects of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Dujić, T., Causevic, A., Bego, T., Malenica, M., Velija-Ašimi, Z., Pearson, E. R., & Semiz, S. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13040 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Neural bases of food perception: Coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies in multiple modalities

Huerta, C., Sarkar, P. R., Duong, T. Q., Laird, A. R., & Fox, P. T. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20659 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Once-daily delayed-release metformin lowers plasma glucose and enhances fasting and postprandial GLP-1 and PYY: results from two randomised trials

DeFronzo, R. A., Buse, J. B., Kim, T., Burns, C. M., Skare, S., Baron, A., & Fineman, M. S. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3992-6 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Effect of metformin on glucose metabolism in the splanchnic bed

Bailey, C. J., Wilcock, C., & Day, C. (1992) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09093.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Metformin Uniquely Prevents Thrombosis by Inhibiting Platelet Activation and mtDNA Release

Xin, G., Wei, Z.-L., Ji, C.-J., Zheng, H., Gu, J., Ma, L., Huang, W., Morris-Natschke, S., Yeh, J., Zhang, R., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36222 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Beneficial effects of metformin on energy metabolism and visceral fat volume through a possible mechanism of fatty acid oxidation in human subjects and rats

Tokubuchi, I., Tajiri, Y., Iwata, S., Hara, K., Wada, N., Hashinaga, T., Nakayama, H., Mifune, H., & Yamada, K. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171293 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

The effect of metformin on food intake and its potential role in hypothalamic regulation in obese diabetic rats

Lv, W., Wen, J., Li, L., Sun, R., Wang, J., Xian, Y., Cao, C., Wang, Y., & Gao, Y. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.028 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Metformin Inhibits Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Kinase Activation and Prevents Increases in Neuropeptide Y Expression in Cultured Hypothalamic Neurons

Chau-Van, C., Gamba, M., Salvi, R., Gaillard, R. C., & Pralong, F. P. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1237 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Metformin as Treatment for Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review

Levri, K. M. (2005) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.343 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Potential involvement of lactate and interleukin-6 in the appetite-regulatory hormonal response to an acute exercise bout

Islam, H., Townsend, L. K., McKie, G. L., Medeiros, P. J., Gurd, B. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00218.2017 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

The anti-diabetic drug metformin does not affect bone mass in vivo or fracture healing

Jeyabalan, J., Viollet, B., Smitham, P. J., Ellis, S. A., Zaman, G., Bardin, C., Goodship, A. E., Roux, J. P., Meneton, P., & Chenu, C. (2013) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2371-0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Combination COX-2 inhibitor and metformin attenuate rate of joint replacement in osteoarthritis with diabetes: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan

Lu, C., Chung, C., Lee, C.-H., Hsieh, C., Hung, Y., Lin, F., Tsao, C., Hsieh, P., & Chien, W. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191242 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

AMPK and the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and energy expenditure

Stark, R., Ashley, S. E., & Andrews, Z. B. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

The anorexigenic effects of metformin involve increases in hypothalamic leptin receptor expression

Aubert, G., Mansuy‐Aubert, V., Voirol, M., Pellerin, L., & Pralong, F. P. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.02.007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Taste of a Pill

Lee, N., Duan, H., Hébert, M. F., Liang, C., Rice, K. M., & Wang, J. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.570564 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Central lactate metabolism regulates food intake

Lam, C., Chari, M., Wang, P. Y. T., & Lam, T. K. T. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90481.2008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents: clinical outcomes

Schwartz, A. V. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4283-6 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Effects of metformin on intestinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release and on 5-HT3 receptors

Cubeddu, L. X., Bönisch, H., Göthert, M., Molderings, G. J., Racké, K., Ramadori, G. P., Miller, K. J., & Schwörer, H. (2000) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002109900152 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Metformin reduces the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes

Kim, H. J., Lee, S., Chun, K. H., Jeon, J. Y., Han, S. J., Kim, D. J., Kim, Y. S., Woo, J., Nam, M., Baik, S. H., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010036 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Activation of central lactate metabolism lowers glucose production in uncontrolled diabetes and diet-induced insulin resistance.

Chari, M., Lam, C. K. L., Wang, P. Y. T., & Lam, T. K. T. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1464 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Intracerebroventricular Administration of Metformin Inhibits Ghrelin-Induced Hypothalamic AMP-Kinase Signalling and Food Intake

Stevanović, D., Janjetović, K., Misirkic-Marjanovic, M., Vucicevic, L. M., Šumarac-Dumanović, M., Micić, D., Starcevic, V. P., & Trajković, V. (2012) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000333963 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Metformin to Augment Strength Training Effective Response in Seniors (MASTERS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Long, D. E., Peck, B. D., Martz, J. L., Tuggle, S. C., Bush, H., McGwin, G. G., Kern, P. A., Bamman, M. M., & Peterson, C. A. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1932-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Metformin Prevents Weight Gain by Reducing Dietary Intake During Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

rvinen, H. Y.-J., Nikkil, K., & ̈kimattila, S. M. (1999) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199958001-00012 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Metformin: Restraining Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling to Fight Cancer and Aging

Castillo-Quan, J. I., & Blackwell, T. K. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.058 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Lavrentaki, A., Ali, A., Cooper, B. G., & Tahrani, A. A. (2018) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-18-0411 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

The effect of metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Nordklint, A. K., Almdal, T., Vestergaard, P., Lundby‐Christensen, L., Boesgaard, T. W., Breum, L., Gade-Rasmussen, B., Sneppen, S. B., Gluud, C. N., Hemmingsen, B., et al. (2018) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4637-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Metformin inhibits food intake and neuropeptide Y gene expression in the hypothalamus.

Duan, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, M., Sun, L., Dong, S., Wang, G., Zhang, J., & Zhao, Z. Y. (2013) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.25.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced risk of deep vein thrombosis: a non-randomized, pair-matched cohort study

Lu, D., Huang, C., Huang, P., Chung, C., Lin, S., Chen, J., Chan, W., & Leu, H. (2014) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-187 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Effects of Metformin on the Cerebral Metabolic Changes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Huang, Y., Hsu, C.-C., Lin, W., Yin, T.-K., Huang, C., Wang, P., Chang, H.-H., & Chiu, N.-T. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/694326 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

The Relationship between Metformin and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Lin, D., Rein, L., Tarima, S. S., et al. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works

Anti-diabetic drugs and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes

Lazzaroni, E., Ben Nasr, M., Loretelli, C., Pastore, I., Plebani, L., Lunati, M. E., Vallone, L., Bolla, A. M., Rossi, A., Montefusco, L., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105782 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease?

Huttasch, M., Roden, M., & Kahl, S. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155937 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Metformin and Aging: A Review

Glossmann, H. H., & Lutz, O. M. D. (2019) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000502257 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Impaired Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands Contribute to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Shi, Z., Lei, H., Chen, G., Yuan, P., Cao, Z., Ser, H.-L., Zhu, X., Wu, F., Liu, C., Dong, M., et al. (2021) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00985-20 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

GDF-15 as a Weight Watcher for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People Treated With Metformin

Ouyang, J., Isnard, S., Lin, J., Fombuena, B., Peng, X., Chen, Y., & Routy, J.-P. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.581839 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Optimizing metformin therapy in practice: Tailoring therapy in specific patient groups to improve tolerability, efficacy and outcomes

Silverii, G. A. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15749 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Weight maintenance on cost‐effective antiobesity medications after 1 year of <scp>GLP‐1</scp> receptor agonist therapy: a real‐world study

Paddu, N. U., Lawrence, B., Wong, S., Poon, S. J., & Srivastava, G. (2024) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24177 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Recent progress in the pharmacotherapy for obesity

Lu, J., Liu, P., Cai, M., Lv, T., Zhang, M., Yin, K., Cheng, J., & Zhang, G. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177850 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Clinical interventions to break the obesity and cancer link: a narrative review

Bhardwaj, N. J., Chae, K., Sheng, J. Y., & Yeh, H.-C. (2022) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-022-10055-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A review of phenformin, metformin, and imeglimin

Yendapally, R., Sikazwe, D., Kim, S. S., Ramsinghani, S., Fraser‐Spears, R., Witte, A. P., & Viola, B. L. (2020) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.21636 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Role of metformin in treatment of diabetes mellitus

Vigneri, R., & Goldfine, I. D. (1987) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.10.1.118 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Metformin: Focus on Melanoma

Jaune, E., & Rocchi, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00472 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Metformin: a new oral biguanide

Campbell, R. K., White, J. R., & Saulie, B. A. (1996) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(96)80017-8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Cardiovascular protective effects of metformin

Liu, N. (2011) · Zhongguo linchuang yaolixue yu zhiliaoxue