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Training-Induced Changes in Mitochondrial Content and Respiratory Function in Human Skeletal Muscle
Open accessAbstract
A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to a number of metabolic disorders that have been associated with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics and an increased risk of premature death. Endurance training can induce an increase in mitochondrial content and/or mitochondrial functional qualities, which are associated with improved health and well-being and longer life expectancy. It is therefore important to better define how manipulating key parameters of an endurance training intervention can influence the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool. This review focuses on mitochondrial changes taking place following a series of exercise sessions (training-induced mitochondrial adaptations), providing an in-depth analysis of the effects of exercise intensity and training volume on changes in mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function. We provide evidence that manipulation of different exercise training variables promotes specific and diverse mitochondrial adaptations. Specifically, we report that training volume may be a critical factor affecting changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is an important determinant of changes in mitochondrial respiratory function. As a consequence, a dissociation between training-induced changes in mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function is often observed. We also provide evidence that exercise-induced changes are not necessarily predictive of training-induced adaptations, we propose possible explanations for the above discrepancies and suggestions for future research.
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“Training volume plays a crucial role in influencing changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is a key factor in determining alterations in mitochondrial respiratory function [68].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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Self-citationExercise twice‐a‐day potentiates markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in men
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Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis
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Eight Weeks of Physical Training Decreases 2 Years of DNA Methylation Age of Sedentary Women
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“Training intervention can influence the changes in the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool (Granata et al., 2018).”
BackgroundExercise—A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights
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“Several studies have shown increased mitochondrial content and function in response to various forms of ET (Granata et al., 2018; Jacobs et al., 2013; MacInnis & Gibala, 2017).”
BackgroundBotella, J., Perri, E., Caruana, N. J., López-Calcerrada, S., Brischigliaro, M., Jamnick, N. A., Oorschot, V. M. J., Saner, N. J., Díaz‐Lara, J., Taylor, D. F., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66625-8 · Cited by 26
“The mosttime-ef fi cient form of HIIE is termed sprint-interval exercise (SIE) and requires as little as four to six 30-s all-out sprints 23 , making it an attractive exercise prescription given the time constraints of modern society 24,25 .”
Self-citationRønnestad, B. R., Bjerkrheim, K. A., Hansen, J., & Mølmen, K. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.948127 · Cited by 19
“There seems to be growing evidence for the importance of accumulated time ≥90% of V̇O2max to maximally stress cardiorespiratory parameters in well-trained endurance athletes (20–22), which also is an intensity domain known to induce a large muscular stimulus eventually leading to favourable muscular adaptations such a…”
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“Training at high-intensity intervals (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy that significantly induces biogenesis and serves as a potential remodeling technique [3,12-14].”
BackgroundPhysiological adaptations to interval training to promote endurance
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Localized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation
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“While mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity often track together, this is not always the case [51].”
BackgroundDelfan, M., Vahed, A., Bishop, D. J., Juybari, R. A., Laher, I., Saeidi, A., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.927969 · Cited by 18
Self-citationWesterlund, E., Marelsson, S. E., Karlsson, M., Sjövall, F., Chamkha, I., Frostner, E. Å., Lundgren, J., Fellman, V., Eklund, E. A., Steding‐Ehrenborg, K., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26745 · Cited by 16
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Self-citationSpaas, J., Goulding, R. P., Keytsman, C., Fonteyn, L., van Horssen, J., Jaspers, R. T., Eijnde, B. O., & Wüst, R. C. I. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13050 · Cited by 17
Football and team handball training postpone cellular aging in women
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“302 Some studies have suggested that VO2max and aerobic capacity are not only limited by 303 cardiorespiratory factors, but also by the mitochondria (32, 36).”
BackgroundA Simple Model for Diagnosis of Maladaptations to Exercise Training
Flockhart, M., Nilsson, L. C., Ekblom, B. T., & Larsen, F. J. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00523-x · Cited by 15
“[11] to assess oxidative capacity has previously been validated against mitochondrial respiratory capacity [12], which is related to mitochondrial content and training volume [13].”
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“Studies have shown, that although related, these aspects of mitochondrial adaptation may be independent, especially in exercise adaptations [35].”
BackgroundInfluentialSmall peptides: Could they have a big role in metabolism and the response to exercise?
Atakan, M. M., Türkel, İ., Özerkliğ, B., Koşar, Ş. N., Taylor, D. F., Yan, X., & Bishop, D. J. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp283214 · Cited by 13
“…adaptations in humans, including elevated abundance of mitochondrial proteins, increased mitochondrial content and greater mitochondrial respiratory function (Daussin et al., 2008; Granata et al., 2016a, b; Montero & Lundby, 2017; for a comprehensive review, please see Granata et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of Lactate Administration on Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Takahashi, K., Tamura, Y., Kitaoka, Y., Matsunaga, Y., & Hatta, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.920034 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Granata, C., Jamnick, N. A., & Bishop, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Victoria University (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Granata, Cesare
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2018-06-22
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1809-1828
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- OpenAlex
- W2809197837
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- vuir.vu.edu.au
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory function, endurance training, skeletal muscle, exercise intensity, training volume, mitochondrial translation, sedentary lifestyle, training effects
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Exercise Test, Humans, Mitochondria, Muscle, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Respiration, Physical Conditioning, Human
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