Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 45

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Functional Overreaching in Endurance Athletes: A Necessity or Cause for Concern?

Bellinger, Phillip·2020·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s40279-020-01269-w
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40279-020-01269-w

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 85

  1. Skovgaard C, Almquist NW, Bangsbo J. Effect of increased and maintained frequency of speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations in runners. J Appl Physiol. 2017;122(1):48–59. · DOI
  2. Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG. Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2002;34(11):1801–7. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Bellinger P, Sabapathy S, Craven J, Arnold B, Minahan C. Overreaching attenuates training-induced improvements in muscle oxidative capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002095(Epub ahead of print). · DOI
  4. Le Meur Y, Pichon A, Schaal K, Schmitt L, Louis J, Gueneron J, et al. Evidence of parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(11):2061–71. · DOI
  5. Le Meur Y, Louis J, Aubry A, Guéneron J, Pichon A, Schaal K, et al. Maximal exercise limitation in functionally overreached triathletes: role of cardiac adrenergic stimulation. J Appl Physiol. 2014;117(3):214–22. · DOI
  6. Coutts AJ, Wallace LK, Slattery KM. Monitoring changes in performance, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology during overreaching and recovery in triathletes. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28(02):125–34. · DOI · Paper page
  7. Clark B, Costa VP, O’Brien BJ, Guglielmo LG, Paton CD. Effects of a seven day overload-period of high-intensity training on performance and physiology of competitive cyclists. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115308. · DOI
  8. Woods AL, Rice AJ, Garvican-Lewis LA, Wallett AM, Lundy B, Rogers MA, et al. The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0191644. · DOI
  9. Woods AL, Garvican-Lewis LA, Lundy B, Rice AJ, Thompson KG. New approaches to determine fatigue in elite athletes during intensified training: resting metabolic rate and pacing profile. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173807. · DOI
  10. Aubry A, Hausswirth C, Louis J, Coutts AJ, Buchheit M, Le Meur Y. The development of functional overreaching is associated with a faster heart rate recovery in endurance athletes. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139754. · DOI
  11. Hausswirth C, Louis J, Aubry A, Bonnet G, Duffield R, Le Muer Y. Evidence of disturbed sleep patterns and increased illness in functionally overreached endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(5):1036–45. · DOI · Paper page
  12. Aubry A, Hausswirth C, Louis J, Coutts AJ, Le Meur Y. Functional overreaching: the key to peak performance during the taper? Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2014;46(9):1769–77. · DOI
  13. Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Natta F, Couturier A, Bignet F, Vidal PP. A multidisciplinary approach to overreaching detection in endurance trained athletes. J Appl Physiol. 2013;114(3):411–20. · DOI
  14. Nelson MJ, Bellenger CR, Thomson RL, Robertson EY, Davison K, Olstad DS, et al. Maximal rate of heart rate increase correlates with fatigue/recovery status in female cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(12):2425–31. · DOI
  15. Bourdillon N, Nilchian M, Millet GP. Photoplethysmography detection of overreaching. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(4):701–7. · DOI
  16. Bourdillon N, Yazdani S, Nilchian M, Mariano A, Vesin J-M, Millet GP. Overload blunts baroreflex only in overreached athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(9):941–9. · DOI
  17. Bellenger CR, Karavirta L, Thomson RL, Robertson EY, Davison K, Buckley JD. Contextualizing parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes with perceptions of training tolerance. Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2016;11(5):685–92. · DOI
  18. Bellenger CR, Thomson RL, Robertson EY, Davison K, Nelson MJ, Karavirta L, et al. The effect of functional overreaching on parameters of autonomic heart rate regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(3):541–50. · DOI
  19. Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, Thewlis D, Arnold J, Thomson RL, Tsiros MD, et al. Tracking performance changes with running-stride variability when athletes are functionally overreached. Int J Sports Physiol. 2017;12(3):357–63. · DOI
  20. Thomson RL, Bellenger CR, Howe PR, Karavirta L, Buckley JD. Improved heart rate recovery despite reduced exercise performance following heavy training: a within-subject analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(3):255–9. · DOI
  21. Halson SL. Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Med. 2014;44(2):139–47. · DOI · Paper page
  22. Halson SL, Jeukendrup AE. Does overtraining exist? Sports Med. 2004;34(14):967–81. · DOI · Paper page
  23. Thomas L, Busso T. A theoretical study of taper characteristics to optimize performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(9):1615–21. · DOI
  24. Meeusen R, Duclos M, Gleeson M, Rietjens G, Steinacker J, Urhausen A. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome. Eur J Sport Sci. 2006;6(1):1–14. · DOI · Paper page
  25. Kreider R, Fry A, O’Toole M. Overtraining in sport: terms, definitions, and prevalence. Overtraining in sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1998. p. vii–ix.
  26. Coutts AJ, Slattery KM, Wallace LK. Practical tests for monitoring performance, fatigue and recovery in triathletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10(6):372–81. · DOI
  27. Faude O, Meyer T, Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Recovery training in cyclists: ergometric, hormonal and psychometric findings. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(3):433–41. · DOI
  28. Hawley AJ, Myburgh KH, Noakes TD, Dennis SC. Training techniques to improve fatigue resistance and enhance endurance performance. J Sports Sci. 1997;15(3):325–33. · DOI
  29. Greenham G, Buckley JD, Garrett J, Eston R, Norton K. Biomarkers of physiological responses to periods of intensified, non-resistance-based exercise training in well-trained male athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(11):2517–48. · DOI
  30. Cadegiani FA, Kater CE. Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9(1):1–15. · DOI · Paper page
  31. Urhausen A, Gabriel H, Kindermann W. Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Med. 1995;20(4):251–76. · DOI · Paper page
  32. Kuipers H, Keizer HA. Overtraining in elite athletes. Sports Med. 1988;6(2):79–92. · DOI · Paper page
  33. Mujika I, Padilla S. Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I. Sports Med. 2000;30(2):79–87. · DOI · Paper page
  34. Haaf TT, Staveren SV, Oudenhoven E, Piacentini MF, Meeusen R, Roelands B, et al. Prediction of functional overreaching from subjective fatigue and readiness to train after only 3 days of cycling. Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2017;12(Suppl 2):S2-87–94. · DOI
  35. Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Med. 2008;38(4):297–316. · DOI · Paper page
  36. Coates AM, Incognito AV, Seed JD, Doherty CJ, Millar PJ, Burr JF. Three weeks of overload training increases resting muscle sympathetic activity. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2017;50(5):928–37. · DOI
  37. Coates AM, Millar PJ, Burr JF. Blunted cardiac output from overtraining is related to increased arterial stiffness. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2018;50(12):2459–64. · DOI
  38. Nieman DC, Luo B, Dréau D, Henson DA, Shanely RA, Dew D, et al. Immune and inflammation responses to a 3-day period of intensified running versus cycling. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;39:180–5. · DOI
  39. Svendsen IS, Killer SC, Carter JM, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Impact of intensified training and carbohydrate supplementation on immunity and markers of overreaching in highly trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(5):867–77. · DOI
  40. Witard OC, Turner JE, Jackman SR, Kies AK, Jeukendrup AE, Bosch JA, et al. High dietary protein restores overreaching induced impairments in leukocyte trafficking and reduces the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in elite cyclists. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;39:211–9. · DOI · Paper page
  41. Lastella M, Vincent GE, Duffield R, Roach GD, Halson SL, Heales LJ, et al. Can sleep be used as an indicator of overreaching and overtraining in athletes? Front Physiol. 2018;9:436. · DOI
  42. Killer SC, Svendsen IS, Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Evidence of disturbed sleep and mood state in well-trained athletes during short-term intensified training with and without a high carbohydrate nutritional intervention. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(14):1402–10. · DOI
  43. Bosquet L, Merkari S, Arvisais D, Aubert AE. Is heart rate a convenient tool to monitor over-reaching? A systematic review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(9):709–14. · DOI
  44. Le Meur Y, Buchheit M, Aubry A, Coutts AJ, Hausswirth C. Assessing overreaching with heart-rate recovery: what is the minimal exercise intensity required? Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2017;12(4):569–73. · DOI
  45. Freeman R. Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117(4):716–30. · DOI · Paper page
  46. Hedelin R, Kenttä G, Wiklund U, Bjerle P, Henriksson-Larsén K. Short-term overtraining: effects on performance, circulatory responses, and heart rate variability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(8):1480–4. · DOI
  47. Dupuy O, Lussier M, Fraser S, Bherer L, Audiffren M, Bosquet L. Effect of overreaching on cognitive performance and related cardiac autonomic control. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(1):234–42. · DOI
  48. Coates AM, Hammond S, Burr JF. Investigating the use of pre-training measures of autonomic regulation for assessing functional overreaching in endurance athletes. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(7):965–74. · DOI
  49. Plews DJ, Laursen PB, Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Kilding AE, Buchheit M. Monitoring training with heart-rate variability: how much compliance is needed for valid assessment? Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2014;9(5):783–90. · DOI
  50. Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Nieman DC, Dhabhar FS, Shephard RJ, et al. Position statement part two: maintaining immune health. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2011;17:64–103.
  51. Robson-Ansley PJ, Blannin A, Gleeson M. Elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels in trained male triathletes following an acute period of intense interval training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(4):353–60. · DOI
  52. Meyer T, Faude O, Urhausen A, Scharhag J, Kindermann W. Different effects of two regeneration regimens on immunological parameters in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(10):1743–9. · DOI
  53. Fry RW, Morton AR, Garcia-Webb P, Crawford GPM, Keast D. Biological responses to overload training in endurance sports. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;64(4):335–44. · DOI
  54. Halson SL, Lancaster GI, Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Immunological responses to overreaching in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(5):854–61. · DOI
  55. Hloogeveen AR, Zonderland ML. Relationships between testosterone, cortisol and performance in professional cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 1996;17(06):423–8. · DOI
  56. Uusitalo ALT, Huttunen P, Hanin Y, Uusitalo AJ, Rusko HK. Hormonal responses to endurance training and overtraining in female athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 1998;8(3):178–86. · DOI
  57. Urhausen A, Gabriel HH, Kindermann W. Impaired pituitary hormonal response to exhaustive exercise in overtrained endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(3):407–14. · DOI
  58. Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SHS, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrates for training and competition. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(sup1):S17–27. · DOI · Paper page
  59. Poffé C, Ramaekers M, Van Thienen R, Hespel P. Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload. J Physiol. 2019;597(12):3009–27. · DOI
  60. Nicoll JX, Hatfield DL, Melanson KJ, Nasin CS. Thyroid hormones and commonly cited symptoms of overtraining in collegiate female endurance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018;118(1):65–73. · DOI
  61. Samuels C. Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics. Neurol Clin. 2008;26(1):169–80. · DOI · Paper page
  62. Lastella M, Roach GD, Halson SL, Martin DT, West NP, Sargent C. The impact of a simulated grand tour on sleep, mood, and well-being of competitive cyclists. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(12):1555–64.
  63. Wall SP, Mattacola CG, Swanik CB, Levenstein S. Sleep efficiency and overreaching in swimmers. J Sport Rehabil. 2003;12(1):1–12. · DOI
  64. Leeder J, Glaister M, Pizzoferro K, Dawson J, Pedlar C. Sleep duration and quality in elite athletes measured using wristwatch actigraphy. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(6):541–5. · DOI · Paper page
  65. Caia J, Thornton HR, Kelly VG, Scott TJ, Halson SL, Cupples B, et al. Does self-perceived sleep reflect sleep estimated via activity monitors in professional rugby league athletes? J Sports Sci. 2018;36(13):1492–6. · DOI
  66. Rushall BS. A tool for measuring stress tolerance in elite athletes. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1990;2(1):51–66. · DOI
  67. Kellmann M, Kallus KW. Recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes: User manual. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2001.
  68. Siegl A, Kösel ME, Tam N, Koschnick S, Langerak NG, Skorski S, et al. Submaximal markers of fatigue and overreaching; implications for monitoring athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38(09):675–82. · DOI
  69. Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, Thewlis D, Arnold J, Thomson RL, Tsiros MD, et al. Tracking performance changes with running-stride variability when athletes are functionally overreached. Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2017;12(3):357–63. · DOI
  70. Ferraresso RLP, Buscariolli de Oliveira R, Macedo DV, Alessandro Soares Nunes L, Brenzikofer R, Damas D, et al. Interaction between overtraining and the interindividual variability may (not) trigger muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012; 935483. · DOI
  71. Halson SL, Lancaster GI, Achten J, Gleeson M, Jeukendrup AE. Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on performance and carbohydrate oxidation after intensified cycling training. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97(4):1245–53. · DOI · Paper page
  72. Achten J, Halson SL, Moseley L, Rayson MP, Casey A, Jeukendrup AE. Higher dietary carbohydrate content during intensified running training results in better maintenance of performance and mood state. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96(4):1331–40. · DOI · Paper page
  73. Snyder AC, Kuipers H, Cheng B, Servais R, Fransen E. Overtraining following intensified training with normal muscle glycogen. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(7):1063–70. · DOI
  74. Melin A, Tornberg ÅB, Skouby S, Møller SS, Sundgot-Borgen J, Faber J, et al. Energy availability and the female athlete triad in elite endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(5):610–22. · DOI · Paper page
  75. Simpson N, Gibbs E, Matheson G. Optimizing sleep to maximize performance: implications and recommendations for elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(3):266–74. · DOI · Paper page
  76. O’Donnell S, Driller MW. Sleep-hygiene education improves sleep indices in elite female athletes. Int J Exerc Sci. 2017;10(4):522.
  77. Halson S, Bartram J, West N, Stephens J, Argus C, Driller M, et al. Does hydrotherapy help or hinder adaptation to training in competitive cyclists? Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2014;46(8):1631–9. · DOI
  78. Borresen J, Lambert MI. The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance. Sports Med. 2009;39(9):779–95. · DOI · Paper page
  79. Sanders D, Heijboer M, Hesselink MKC, Myers T, Akubat I. Analysing a cycling grand tour: can we monitor fatigue with intensity or load ratios? J Sports Sci. 2018;36(12):1385–91. · DOI
  80. Lucia A, Hoyos J, Santalla A, Earnest C, Chicharro J. Tour de France versus Vuelta a Espana: which is harder? Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2003;35(5):872–8. · DOI · Paper page
  81. Lucía A, Díaz B, Hoyos J, Fernández C, Villa G, Bandrés F, et al. Hormone levels of world class cyclists during the Tour of Spain stage race. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(6):424–30. · DOI
  82. Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa JG, Pernía R, Foster C. Decrement in professional cyclists’ performance after a grand tour. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(10):1348–55. · DOI
  83. Bonifazi M, Sardella F, Lupo C. Preparatory versus main competitions: differences in performances, lactate responses and pre-competition plasma cortisol concentrations in elite male swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;82(5):368–73. · DOI
  84. Smith DJ, Norris SR. Changes in glutamine and glutamate concentrations for tracking training tolerance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(3):684–9. · DOI
  85. Mackinnon LT, Hooper SL, Jones S, Gordon RD, Bachmann AW. Hormonal, immunological, and hematological responses to intensified training in elite swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(12):1637–45. · DOI

Cited by

See all 45

Metadata

Authors
Bellinger, P.
ORCID
Bellinger, Phillip
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-02-17
Volume
50
Issue
6
Pages
1059-1073
ISSN
  • 0112-1642
  • 1179-2035
DOI
10.1007/s40279-020-01269-w
Cited by
45
References
8
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.