The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

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Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

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A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

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Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination

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Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces

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C-C chemokine receptor 6-regulated entry of TH-17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE

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The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

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Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye.

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Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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CNS immune privilege: hiding in plain sight

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What is immune privilege (not)?

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Evidence for a ‘Paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space

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Capture, crawl, cross: the T cell code to breach the blood–brain barriers

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Effector T cell interactions with meningeal vascular structures in nascent autoimmune CNS lesions.

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Recruitment of Beneficial M2 Macrophages to Injured Spinal Cord Is Orchestrated by Remote Brain Choroid Plexus

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SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease: Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid‐β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease

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Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration

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Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology

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Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: a new view

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Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence

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The cortical angiome: an interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow

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Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Brain barriers: Crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions

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Human cerebrospinal fluid central memory CD4 + T cells: Evidence for trafficking through choroid plexus and meninges via P-selectin

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CSF drains directly from the subarachnoid space into nasal lymphatics in the rat. Anatomy, histology and immunological significance

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Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum.

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Drainage of Brain Extracellular Fluid into Blood and Deep Cervical Lymph and its Immunological Significance

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A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: Focus on adult humans

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T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system

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Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system

Engelhardt, B., Carare, R. O., Bechmann, I., Flügel, A., Laman, J. D., & Weller, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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α4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein–independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels

Vajkoczy, P., Laschinger, M., & Engelhardt, B. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci12440 · Cited by 357 · see citing works

Drainage of interstitial fluid from different regions of rat brain

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Perivascular Spaces and the Two Steps to Neuroinflammation

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Environmental cues, dendritic cells and the programming of tissue-selective lymphocyte trafficking

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The acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in cns parenchyma differs from that in other body tissues

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Mechanisms to explain the reverse perivascular transport of solutes out of the brain

Schley, D., Carare-Nnadi, R., Please, C. P., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2006) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.07.005 · Cited by 293 · see citing works

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain

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The fate of allogeneic and xenogeneic neuronal tissue transplanted into the third ventricle of rodents

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Glymphatic solute transport does not require bulk flow

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Interstitial fluid drainage is impaired in ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease mouse models

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The Cranial Arachnoid and Pia Mater in Man: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Observations

Alcolado, R., Weller, R. O., Parrish, E. P., & Garrod, D. R. (1988) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1988.tb00862.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works

Live imaging of effector cell trafficking and autoantigen recognition within the unfolding autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesion

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CXCL12 Limits Inflammation by Localizing Mononuclear Infiltrates to the Perivascular Space during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

McCandless, E. E., Wang, Q., Woerner, B. M., Harper, J. M., & Klein, R. S. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8053 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Immune cell trafficking across the barriers of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis and stroke

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ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 are expressed on choroid plexus epithelium but not endothelium and mediate binding of lymphocytes in vitro.

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Capillary and arterial cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: defining the perivascular route for the elimination of amyloid β from the human brain

Preston, S., Steart, P. V., Wilkinson, A., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Weller, R. O. (2003) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00424.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works

Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function

Klein, R. S., Garber, C., & Howard, N. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3656 · Cited by 235 · see citing works

Anatomical relationships of the pia mater to cerebral blood vessels in man

Hutchings, M., & Weller, R. O. (1986) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1986.65.3.0316 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia of the human brain: their relationship to lacunes

POLLOCK, H., HUTCHINGS, M., WELLER, R. O., & ZHANG, E. (1997) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19130337.x · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Focal MMP-2 and MMP-9 Activity at the Blood-Brain Barrier Promotes Chemokine-Induced Leukocyte Migration

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Overlapping Roles of P-Selectin and α4 Integrin to Recruit Leukocytes to the Central Nervous System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Kerfoot, S. M., & Kubes, P. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.1000 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Review: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, prion angiopathy, <scp>CADASIL</scp> and the spectrum of protein elimination failure angiopathies (<scp>PEFA</scp>) in neurodegenerative disease with a focus on therapy

Carare, R. O., Hawkes, C. A., Jeffrey, M., Kalaria, R. N., & Weller, R. O. (2013) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12042 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

Directional and compartmentalised drainage of interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid from the rat brain

Zhang, E. T., Richards, H. K., Kida, S., & Weller, R. O. (1992) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00296784 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

CNS-specific T cells shape brain function via the choroid plexus

Baruch, K., & Schwartz, M. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.002 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

Oligodendrocyte death results in immune-mediated CNS demyelination

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Sodium fluorescein–guided resection under the YELLOW 560 nm surgical microscope filter in malignant brain tumor surgery—a feasibility study

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Antigen-Dependent Intrathecal Antibody Synthesis in the Normal Rat Brain: Tissue Entry and Local Retention of Antigen-Specific B Cells

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The Activation Status of Neuroantigen-specific T Cells in the Target Organ Determines the Clinical Outcome of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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T cells traffic from brain to cervical lymph nodes via the cribroid plate and the nasal mucosa

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How Do Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Drain the CNS?

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The fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges

Nicholas, D. S., & Weller, R. O. (1988) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1988.69.2.0276 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Microscopic morphology and histology of the human meninges

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Studies on the problem of corneal homografts

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The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid granulations

Upton, M. L., & Weller, R. O. (1985) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0867 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces.

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Ultrastructure of the human spinal arachnoid mater and dura mater.

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Mechanism of Cerebral β-Amyloid Angiopathy: Murine and Cellular Models

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How to drain without lymphatics? Dendritic cells migrate from the cerebrospinal fluid to the B-cell follicles of cervical lymph nodes

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Rejection of fetal neocortical neural transplants by H-2 incompatible mice.

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Surgical excision of CNS‐draining lymph nodes reduces relapse severity in chronic‐relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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A combination of fluorescent NFAT and H2B sensors uncovers dynamics of T cell activation in real time during CNS autoimmunity

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Primary oligodendrocyte death does not elicit anti-CNS immunity

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Drug transporters on arachnoid barrier cells contribute to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

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Amyloid β‐proteins 1—40 and 1—42(43) in the soluble fraction of extra‐ and intracranial blood vessels

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Intravascular Inflammation Triggers Intracerebral Activated Microglia and Contributes to Secondary Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (eSAH)

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Extensive grey matter pathology in the cerebellum in multiple sclerosis is linked to inflammation in the subarachnoid space

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Afferent and efferent immunological pathways of the brain. Anatomy, Function and Failure

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The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease

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Ultrastructural localization of adhesion molecules in the healthy

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Migration of monocytes after intracerebral injection at entorhinal cortex lesion site

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Cortical Perfusion Measurement by Indocyanine-Green Videoangiography in Patients Undergoing Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Stroke

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Cholinergic deafferentation of the rabbit cortex: a new animal model of Aβ deposition

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Evidence for lymphatic Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's transgenic mice

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The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease

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A prospective comparative study of microscope-integrated intraoperative fluorescein and indocyanine videoangiography for clip ligation of complex cerebral aneurysms

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Up-regulation of thymidine phosphorylase expression is associated with a discrete pattern of angiogenesis in ductal carcinomasin situ of the breast

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