Caffeine intake (200 mg) in the morning affects human sleep and EEG power spectra at night
Abstract
Adenosine has been implicated in the physiological regulation of sleep propensity. The adenosine-receptor-antagonist, caffeine (100 mg), administered immediately prior to a nocturnal sleep episode, has previously been shown to lower sleep propensity as indexed by a reduced sleep efficiency, a reduced EEG power density in low delta frequencies and enhanced power density in the frequency range of sleep spindles. To further investigate the role of adenosine in sleep regulation we administered 200 mg of caffeine at 07.10 h and analyzed the sleep stages and EEG power spectra during the subsequent night in nine healthy men. Caffeine levels in saliva decreased from a maximum of 17 mumol/l one hour after intake, to 3 mumol/l immediately prior to the sleep episode starting at 23.00 h. Compared to placebo, sleep efficiency and total sleep time were significantly reduced. EEG power density in nonREM sleep was suppressed in the 0.25-0.5 Hz band and enhanced in the frequency range of sleep spindles (11.25-12.0 Hz and 13.25-14.0 Hz). In REM sleep EEG power density was suppressed in the frequency range of 0.75-4.5 and 5.25-6.0 Hz. The data indicate that a saliva level of caffeine as low as 3 mumol/l directly affects sleep propensity or, alternatively, that the presence of caffeine in the central nervous system during the waking episode reduces the progressive increase of sleep propensity associated with wakefulness.
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Three additional studies were deemed to be of some concern due to absence of appropriate randomisation.
“Three additional studies [30,34,40] were deemed to be of some concern with the absence of appropriate randomisation of interventions with all participants exposed to the control condition followed by the caffeine condition.”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Landolt, H.-P., Werth, E., Borbély, A. A., & Dijk, D.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Dijk, Derk-Jan
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 675
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 67-74
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000445057
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (31.32574.91)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Keywords
- caffeine, adenosine, sleep propensity, sleep efficiency, EEG power spectra, sleep spindles, NREM sleep, REM sleep, sleep stages, adenosine receptors, sleep regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Caffeine, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Half-Life, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Saliva, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Polysomnography
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