Dose-related sleep disturbances induced by coffee and caffeine
Abstract
In a 13-night sleep laboratory study, each of 18 normal young adult males twice received 1 cup of warm water, 1-, 2-, and 4-cup equivalents of regular coffee, a 4-cup equivalent of decaffeinated coffee, and a 4-cup equivalent of caffeine. All beverages were administered 30 min before bedtime according to a balanced Latin-square design. Regular coffee produced dose-related changes in most standard electroencephalogram-electrooculogram (EEG-EOG) sleep parameters, and the 4-cup equivalents of regular coffee and caffeine produced equivalent effects. Decaffeinated coffee had no effect. Regular coffee and caffeine caused rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to shift to the early part of the night and stages 3 and 4 sleep to shift to the later part. Coffee also produced dose-related changes in several subjects estimates of sleep characteristics. These results suggest that coffee and caffeine may be used in normal subjects to induce symptoms mimicking those of insomnia. Such a tool should promote further understanding of insomnia.
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Three high-risk studies did not implement a washout period, with conditions administered across consecutive nights.
“and three of these studies [26,43,53] did not implement a washout period with conditions administered across consecutive nights.”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Of the five studies investigating the dose-response relationship, four reported heightened perceptions of sleep disruption with larger caffeine doses.
“Of the fi ve studies [25,26,31,35,37] investigating the dose-response relationship, four [25,26,31,35] reported heightened perceptions of sleep disruption with larger caffeine doses.”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
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Diet and sleep health: a scoping review of intervention studies in adults
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Clinical and Physiological Correlates of Caffeine and Caffeine Metabolites in Primary Insomnia
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- Authors
- Karacan, I., Thornby, J. I., Anch, A. M., Booth, G. H., Williams, R. L., & Salis, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1976-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 682-689
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- OpenAlex
- W2419532383
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- coffee, caffeine, sleep disorders, insomnia, dose-response relationship, REM sleep, sleep stage distribution, decaffeinated coffee
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Caffeine, Clinical Trials as Topic, Coffee, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electroencephalography, Electrooculography, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM, Time Factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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