Cited by 758EEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural dynamics and brain functionMuscle activation and electromyography studies

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Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement

Pfurtscheller, G, Aranibar, A·1979·Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(79)90063-4

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Abstract

A method of accurate storage and on-line preprocessing of an EEG signal, preceding and following a trigger signal, elicited by button pressing, is described. The method was used to study the changes occurring in the power of the rhythmic activity within the alpha band in central areas, during voluntary, self-paced movement in 10 normal humans. A short-lasting decrease or phasic event-related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha power, representing mu activity, was observed in all 10 subjects. During the 2 sec period preceding movement the phasic ERD was mostly bilateral, but larger prior to right than to left thumb movement. At onset and during the first second of execution of movement, the phasic ERD was mostly bilateral but predominant in ipsilateral areas. Preceding or during movement, maximum ERD was observed in most cases in central-vertex regions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0013-4694(79)90063-4

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Self-citation
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BackgroundInfluential
Advances in Electrophysiological Research
Kamarajan, C. (2015) · Alcohol Research: Current Reviews · doi:10.35946/arcr.v37.1.05 · Cited by 72
“ERD/ERS is a valuable technique to unravel time–frequency– space dynamics of cortical oscillations across brain regions during cognitive and motor processing (Klimesch et al. 1997; Krause 2006; Pfurtscheller 1999, 2001; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar 1979).”
Method
Magnetoencephalographic evidence for the modulation of cortical swallowing processing by transcranial direct current stimulation
Suntrup‐Krueger, S., Teismann, I. K., Wollbrink, A., Winkels, M., Warnecke, T., Flöel, A., Pantev, C., & Dziewas, R. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.055 · Cited by 72
Calculation of event-related coherence?A new method to study short-lasting coupling between brain areas
Rappelsberger, P., Pfurtscheller, G., & Filz, O. (1994) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01186770 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Postmovement Beta Synchronization in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Pfurtscheller, G., Schmid‐Zalaudek, K., Ortmayr, B., Diez, J., & Reisecker (1998) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199805000-00008 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
The influence of physiobiomechanical parameters, technical aspects of shooting, and psychophysiological factors on biathlon performance: A review
Laaksonen, M. S., Finkenzeller, T., Holmberg, H.-C., & Sattlecker, G. (2018) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.003 · Cited by 71
“Increases and decreases are referred to as event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD), respectively.(98) Applying this approach to the entire scalp, Del Percio et al.”
Method
Shallow Convolutional Network Excel for Classifying Motor Imagery EEG in BCI Applications
Hermosilla, D. M., Codorniú, R. T., Baracaldo, R. L., Zamora, R. S., Delisle-Rodríguez, D., Albuerne, Y. L., & Álvarez, J. R. N. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3091399 · Cited by 78
“For instance, some studies [20]–[22] found that when a person executes a real or imagined uni-lateral movement, is attenuated or enhanced the amplitude of mu (from 8 to 12 Hz) and beta (from 13 to 30 Hz) rhythms over the primary motor cortex on both contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres,…”
BackgroundMethod
Eye closure causes widespread low-frequency power increase and focal gamma attenuation in the human electrocorticogram
Geller, A. S., Burke, J. F., Sperling, M. R., Sharan, A. D., Litt, B., Baltuch, G. H., Lucas, T. H., & Kahana, M. J. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.021 · Cited by 73
“…and Lopes Da Silva, 1999), is often observed during the active component of many behaviors including movement and other motor functions (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Pfurtscheller and Neuper, 1992; Crone et al., 1998; Crone et al., 1998; Graimann et al., 2002; Miller et al.,…”
Background
Spatiotemporal study of bereitschaftspotential and Event-Related Desynchronization during voluntary movement in Parkinson's disease
Defebvre, L., Bourriez, J., Dujardin, K., Derambure, P., Dest�e, A., & Guieu, J. (1994) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01187715 · Cited by 71
Continuous detection of the self-initiated walking pre-movement state from EEG correlates without session-to-session recalibration
Sburlea, A., Montesano, L., & Minguez, J. (2015) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/3/036007 · Cited by 76
Human cortical responses during one-bit short-term memory. A high-resolution EEG study on delayed choice reaction time tasks
Babiloni, C., Babiloni, F., Carducci, F., Cappa, S. F., Cincotti, F., Percio, C. D., Miniussi, C., Moretti, D. V., Rossi, S., Sosta, K., et al. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00286-4 · Cited by 69
“To quantify the event-related changes of EEG power, a popular procedure was used, namely the computation of event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Pfurtscheller and Neuper, 1994; Pfurtscheller et al., 1997).”
Method
Impairment of a cortical event-related desynchronisation during a bimanual load-lifting task in children with autistic disorder
Martineau, J., Schmitz, C., Assaiante, C., Blanc, R., & Barthélémy, C. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.06.018 · Cited by 76
Hippocampal, amygdala, and neocortical synchronization of theta rhythms is related to an immediate recall during rey auditory verbal learning test
Babiloni, C., Vecchio, F., Mirabella, G., Buttiglione, M., Sebastiano, F., Picardi, A., Gennaro, G. D., Quarato, P. P., Grammaldo, L. G., Buffo, P., et al. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20648 · Cited by 69
Brain-computer interfaces for communication
Vansteensel, M. J., & Jarosiewicz, B. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63934-9.00007-x · Cited by 72
“It is most prominent in awake, relaxed individua ls with eyes open, and is usually reduced, or desynchronized, by contralateral movement (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979) or the imagination of that movement (McFarland et al., 2000).”
Background
Extracting features from phase space of EEG signals in brain–computer interfaces
Yonghui Fang, B., Chen, M., & Zheng, X. (2014) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2014.10.038 · Cited by 68
“Processing of motor commands or somatosensory stimuli causes an attenuation of the rhythmic activity termed ERD, while an increase in the rhythmic activity is termed ERS [7].”
BackgroundInfluential
A novel self-guided approach to alpha activity training
Boxtel, G. J. M. V., Denissen, A. J. M., Jäger, M., Vernon, D. J., Dekker, M. K. J., Mihajlović, V., & Sitskoorn, M. M. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.004 · Cited by 68
“Functionally, it is thought to be similar to the alpha rhythm in that it blocks in response to motor action, just as the alpha rhythm blocks in response to visual input (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979).”
Background
Modulation of Motor Learning Capacity by Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation
Sugata, H., Yagi, K., Yazawa, S., Nagase, Y., Tsuruta, K., Ikeda, T., Matsushita, K., Hara, M., Kawakami, K., & Kawakami, K. (2018) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.013 · Cited by 71
Alpha and beta oscillatory activity during a sequence of two movements
Alegre, M., de Gurtubay, I. G., Labarga, A., Iriarte, J., Malanda, A., & Artieda, J. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00311-0 · Cited by 68
“In the alpha band, a decrease in energy begins about 1 s before the movement (alpha eventrelated desynchronisation, ERD), is sustained until the end of it, and is followed by a slow increase after movement (alpha event-related synchronisation, ERS) (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Derambure et al., 1993).”
Background
Prediction of the side of hand movements from single-trial multi-channel EEG data using neural networks
Pfurtscheller, G., Flotzinger, D., Mohl, W., & Peltoranta, M. (1992) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(92)90112-u · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Oscillatory changes related to the forced termination of a movement
Alegre, M., Alvarez-Gerriko, I., Valencia, M., Iriarte, J., & Artieda, J. (2008) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.017 · Cited by 67
“In the alpha band, a decrease in energy begins up to 2 s before the movement, and lasts up to 2–3 s after its end (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Derambure et al., 1993).”
Background
Improving performance in motor imagery BCI-based control applications via virtually embodied feedback
Choi, J. W., Huh, S., & Jo, S. (2020) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104079 · Cited by 66
“…activated regions within the sensorimotor cortex, exhibit themselves in two distinct patterns: event-related desynchronization (ERD), or a blocking of oscillatory neural activity, and event-related synchronization (ERS), a recovery of oscillatory activity shortly after desynchronization [9 – 11].”
Background
Embodying the camera: An EEG study on the effect of camera movements on film spectators´ sensorimotor cortex activation
Heimann, K. S., Uithol, S., Calbi, M., Umiltà, M. A., Guerra, M., Fingerhut, J., & Gallese, V. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211026 · Cited by 71
Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute
Ahmed, A. A. A., Alegret, N., Almeida, B., Álvarez‐Puebla, R. A., Andrews, A. M., Ballerini, L., Barrios‐Capuchino, J. J., Becker, C., Blick, R. H., Bonakdar, S., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c10525 · Cited by 71
Movement related desynchronisation pattern preceding voluntary movement in untreated Parkinson's disease.
Defebvre, L., Bourriez, J. L., Destée, A., & Guieu, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.3.307 · Cited by 65
Detecting intention to walk in stroke patients from pre-movement EEG correlates
Sburlea, A. I., Montesano, L., Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda, R., Diego, I. M. A., Miangolarra‐Page, J. C., & Mínguez, J. (2015) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-015-0087-4 · Cited by 65
“Neural correlates of movement intention, as measured by EEG, are the motor-related cortical potential (MRCP) [7, 8] and the event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/S) [9].”
Background
Prediction of gait intention from pre-movement EEG signals: a feasibility study
Shafiul Hasan, S. M., Siddiquee, M. R., Atri, R., Ramon, R., Marquez, J. S., & Bai, O. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00675-5 · Cited by 63
“Abbreviations EEG: Electroencephalography; BCI: Brain computer interface; SVM: Support vector machine; TPR: True positive rate; EMG: Electromyography; BMI: Brainmachine interfaces; ERP: Event-related potentials; MRCP: Movement-related cortical potential; ERD/ERS: Event-related synchronization/ desynchronization; BP: B…”
BackgroundInfluential
The brain dynamics of architectural affordances during transition
Djebbara, Z., Fich, L. B., & Gramann, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82504-w · Cited by 61
The effect of multimodal and enriched feedback on SMR-BCI performance
Sollfrank, T., Ramsay, A., Perdikis, S., Williamson, J. H., Murray‐Smith, R., Leeb, R., Millán, J. D. R., & Kübler, A. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.06.004 · Cited by 63
“SMR decreases or desynchronizes (event related desynchronisation, ERD) with movement or movement imagery in the contralateral sensorimotor areas (Halder et al., 2011; Lotze et al., 1999; Neuper et al., 2005; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Schnitzler et al., 1997).”
Background
Wireless EEG with individualized channel layout enables efficient motor imagery training
Zich, C., Vos, M. D., Kranczioch, C., & Debener, S. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.07.007 · Cited by 63
“The modulation of SMRs can be induced by voluntary internal drives, such as the execution or imagination of movements (Jasper and Penfield, 1949; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Pfurtscheller et al., 1997; Pfurtscheller et al., 2006).”
Background
Analysis of sensorimotor rhythms for the implementation of a brain switch for healthy subjects
Solis‐Escalante, T., Muller-Putz, G. R., Brunner, C., Kaiser, V., & Pfurtscheller, G. (2009) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2009.09.002 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Time–frequency spectral analysis of TMS-evoked EEG oscillations by means of Hilbert–Huang transform
Pigorini, A., Casali, A. G., Casarotto, S., Ferrarelli, F., Baselli, G., Mariotti, M., Massimini, M., & Rosanova, M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.013 · Cited by 62
EEG Analysis During Active and Assisted Repetitive Movements: Evidence for Differences in Neural Engagement
Tacchino, G., Gandolla, M., Coelli, S., Barbieri, R., Pedrocchi, A., & Bianchi, A. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2016.2597157 · Cited by 62
Alpha and beta changes in cortical oscillatory activity in a go/no go randomly-delayed-response choice reaction time paradigm
Alegre, M., Imirizaldu, L., Valencia, M., Iriarte, J., Arcocha, J., & Artieda, J. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.08.030 · Cited by 62
“In the alpha band, a decrease in energy begins up to 2 s before the movement, and lasts till 2–3 s after its end (Derambure et al., 1993; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979).”
Background
A general framework for dynamic cortical function: the function-through-biased-oscillations (FBO) hypothesis
Schalk, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00352 · Cited by 57
Event‐Related desynchronization to contingent negative variation and Self‐Paced movement paradigms in Parkinson's disease
Magnani, G., Cursi, M., Leocani, L., Volonté, M. A., Locatelli, T., Elia, A., & Comi, G. (1998) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870130408 · Cited by 61
Longitudinal Electroencephalography Analysis in Subacute Stroke Patients During Intervention of Brain–Computer Interface With Exoskeleton Feedback
Chen, S., Cao, L., Shu, X., Wang, H., Ding, L., Wang, S., & Jia, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00809 · Cited by 60
Implantable brain–computer interface for neuroprosthetic-enabled volitional hand grasp restoration in spinal cord injury
Cajigas, I., Davis, K., Meschede-Krasa, B., Prins, N. W., Gallo, S., Naeem, J., Palermo, A. E., Wilson, A., Guerra, S., Parks, B. A., et al. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab248 · Cited by 65
Motor imagery brain–computer interface rehabilitation system enhances upper limb performance and improves brain activity in stroke patients: A clinical study
Liao, W., Li, J., Zhang, X., & Li, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1117670 · Cited by 60
“For the analysis of EEG, previous studies have shown that patients with stroke can elicit ERD/ERS during motor imagining (Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Neuper et al., 2006).”
Result
Intracerebral recording of cortical activity related to self-paced voluntary movements: a Bereitschaftspotential and event-related desynchronization/synchronization. SEEG study
Sochůrková, D., Rektor, I., Jurák, P., & Stančák, A. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0407-9 · Cited by 60
“The amplitude decrease and increase of cortical rhythms related to an external or internal event is known as event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS), respectively (Pfurtscheller 1992; Pfurtscheller and Aranibar 1977, 1979).”
BackgroundResult
Task induced modulation of neural oscillations in electrophysiological brain networks
Brookes, M. J., Liddle, E. B., Hale, J. R., Woolrich, M. W., Luckhoo, H., Liddle, P. F., & Morris, P. G. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.012 · Cited by 60
“…γ (30–200 Hz) and a great deal of previous work has begun to characterise the nature of these oscillations and their response to sensory (for examples see Pfurtscheller and Aranibar, 1979; Pfurtscheller, 1992; Tesche and Hari, 1993; Salmelin and Hari, 1994a,b; Jensen and Vanni, 2002; Hall et al.,…”
Background

Authors: Pfurtscheller, G., & Aranibar, A.
Affiliations: University of Graz (AT)
Venue: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1979-02
Volume: 46
Issue: 2
Pages: 138-146
ISSN: 0013-4694 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(79)90063-4
OpenAlex: W2052684349
Cited by: 758
References: 6
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 1.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords: event-related desynchronization, mu rhythm, alpha band, EEG preprocessing, thumb movement, motor cortex
MeSH terms: Adult, Alpha Rhythm, Brain, Computers, Cortical Synchronization, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Movement

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Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement

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