Morphologic changes after prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat's cortex at defined charge densities
Abstract
Experiments were conducted correlating neuronal activity, changes in ionic concentrations in the cerebral extracellular compartment, and neural damage during 4-h continuous electrical stimulations of the cat's sensorimotor cortex. Here we describe histological evaluations with the light and electron microscope of cortical tissue subjected to charge-balanced, biphasic, constant-current pulses delivered through subdurally implanted electrodes. Three combinations of charge density and pulse repetition rate were used. The results indicated a positive correlation of neural damage with both charge density and total charge. With electrical stimulation of low charge density [20 microC/cm2 . ph, 50 pulses per second (pps)] a transient increase in [K+]0 was observed with no histologically demonstrable neural damage. The most intense electrical stimulation studied (100 microC/cm2 . ph, 50 pps) resulted in a tonic increase and episodic fluctuations of [K+]0 and a marked decrease in [Ca2+]0 accompanied by moderate neural damage in the form of shrunken neurons, widespread extracellular edema, and swollen axons and dendrites.
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A large part of the literature and of our knowledge about neural stimulation is based on animal studies mostly conducted in the 1980s and 1990s.
“Consequently, a large part of the literature and of our knowledge about neural stimulation is based on animal studies mostly conducted in the 1980s and 1990s [43–45, 62–64, 75, 92, 94, 96, 99, 100].”
From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Agnew, W. F., Yuen, T. G. H., & McCreery, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Agnew, William F.
- ORCID
- McCreery, Douglas B.
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-02
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-411
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070110201
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- electrical brain stimulation, sensorimotor cortex, charge density, nerve injury, extracellular potassium, extracellular calcium, extracellular edema, axonal swellings, dendritic swelling, biphasic current pulses, subdural electrodes, cats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Cats, Electric Stimulation, Female, Male, Neurons, Potassium, Somatosensory Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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