Sputtered Iridium Oxide Films as Charge Injection Material for Functional Electrostimulation
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The paper reports on the deposition of iridium oxide thin films by dc reactive magnetron sputtering and their characterization by surface analysis methods (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic square waves). The sputtering process was investigated by applying the method of generic curves. An optimal combination of sputtering parameters has been established [40 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) argon/8-12 sccm oxygen/40% effective pump power/100 W dc power/"cold" sputtering] that yields stable microporous amorphous films with a highly extended surface. These films have shown an excellent electrochemical reversibility in physiological saline solution with a "safe" potential range of −1.2 to 1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a charge delivery capacity of 90-95 mC/cm 2 , a constant impedance of 70-80 Ω in the frequency range of 100 kHz down to 0.5-1.0 Hz, and a quick response to bipolar current pulses with a safe charge per phase of 2 mC/cm 2 /ph. The demonstrated remarkable electrochemical characteristics combined with their established long-term mechanical stability and corrosion resistance allow one to recommend the use of sputtered iridium oxide films as an ideal electrode material for neural stimulation. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Slavcheva, E., Vitushinsky, R., Mokwa, W., & Schnakenberg, U.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- E226
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035650671
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- iridium oxide thin films, charge injection, electrical stimulation, neural stimulation electrodes, reactive DC magnetron sputtering, electrochemical reversibility, sputtering parameter optimization, corrosion resistance, normal saline
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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