Equation of the growth rate of frost forming on cooled surfaces
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Numerous correlations for frost thickness have been proposed, including those by Schneider [29] for average thickness and by Kim et al. [30] for local and average thicknesses.
“Numerous correlations for frost thickness have been proposed, including those by Schneider [29] for average thickness and by Kim et al. [30] for the local and average thicknesses.”
There is no conclusive evidence on the effect of air velocity on frost growth.
“However, as for the effect of air velocity, there is no conclusive evidence.”
From Studies of an air cooler under frost condition (2019) · cites this paper as Schneider (1978)
Schneider's and Kim et al.'s average frost thickness correlations for cold cylinders are both functions of frosting duration, cold surface temperature, air temperature, and air moisture content or partial water vapor pressure.
“The similarity between Schneider ' s and Kim et al. ' s correlations was that both of them were the functions of frosting duration, cold surface tem perature, air temperature and air moisture content or partial water”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Only Schneider and Kim et al. presented average frost thickness correlations for cold cylinders.
“As can be seen from Table 2, only Schneider [30] and Kim et al. [31] presented average frost thickness correlations for cold cylinders.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
The effect of Reynolds number on average frost thickness on a cylinder is not unified in the related studies.
“It should be noted that the effect of Reynolds number on average frost thickness on a cylinder was not unified in the related studies.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Schneider suggested that the effect of Reynolds number on average frost thickness on a cylinder is negligible.
“By contrast, Schneider [30] suggested that the effect of Reynolds number on average frost thickness was negligible.”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Cites
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Volmer, M. (1939) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 859 · see citing works
(1967) · ASHRAE winter conference papers · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Measurement and Correlation of Water Frost Thermal Conductivity and Density
Biguria, G., & Wenzel, L. A. (1970) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals · doi:10.1021/i160033a021 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN A FROST LAYER FORMED ON A CYLINDRICAL TUBE IN CROSS FLOW
SCHNEIDER, H. W. (1971) · Heat Transfer · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-016597-4.50048-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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A fundamental understanding of factors affecting frost nucleation
Na, B., & Webb, R. L. (2003) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/s0017-9310(03)00194-7 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics
Song, M., & Dang, C. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.094 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
New model for frost growth rate
Na, B., & Webb, R. L. (2004) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.09.001 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Seker, D., Karatas, H., & Egrican, N. (2004) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2003.12.003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Dimensionless correlations of frost properties on a cold plate
Yang, D.-K., & Lee, K.-S. (2004) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/s0140-7007(03)00118-x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Mass transfer on and within a frost layer
Na, B., & Webb, R. L. (2004) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.08.023 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Frost growth parameters in a forced air stream
Östin, R., & Andersson, S. (1991) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/0017-9310(91)90012-4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Modeling for predicting frosting behavior of a fin–tube heat exchanger
Yang, D.-K., Lee, K.-S., & Song, S. (2006) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.09.022 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
<i>Review Article:</i> A Critical Review of Properties and Models for Frost Formation Analysis
Iragorry, J., Tao, Y.-X., & Jia, S. (2004) · HVAC&R Research · doi:10.1080/10789669.2004.10391111 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Fin spacing optimization of a fin-tube heat exchanger under frosting conditions
Yang, D.-K., Lee, K.-S., & Song, S. (2006) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.01.016 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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A semi-empirical correlation for the frost density
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The behavior of frost layer growth under conditions favorable for desublimation
Lee, J., & Lee, K.-S. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.039 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Modeling non-uniform frost growth on a fin-and-tube heat exchanger
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An experimental study on frosting of laminar air flow on a cold surface with local cooling
Kwon, J.-T., Lim, H. J., Kwon, Y.-C., Koyama, S., Kim, D.-H., & Kondou, C. (2006) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.12.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Characteristics of frost formation on two-dimensional fins and its empirical correlations
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Local frost behaviors of a scaled-up louvered fin heat exchanger
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Juhola, V., Mikkola, V., Inkeri, E., Kabelac, S., & Tynjälä, T. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127396 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Studies of an air cooler under frost condition
Cheng, Y. C. (2019) · doi:10.32657/10356/6557
“Schneider (1978), Yonko and Sepsy (1967) and Brian et al. (1969) did not find that the air velocity had any effect on frost growth.”
Background
- Authors
- Schneider, H. W.
- Corresponding author
- Schneider, H.W.
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1978-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1019-1024
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064775343
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Keywords
- frost growth, frost thickness, supersaturation, enthalpy of sublimation, heat conduction, crystal growth, mass transfer, vapor pressure difference, Reynolds number
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