Review Article: A Critical Review of Properties and Models for Frost Formation Analysis
Abstract
There has been a continuing effort to advance the understanding and modeling of frost formation on refrigerated surfaces during the last two decades for better design of air-to-refrigerant heat transfer equipment and effective and energy-saving control of defrosting processes. A review and comparative analysis of the available literature concerning frost properties, correlations, and mathematical models are presented in this study to provide an overview of the analytical tools for researchers, product developers, and designers. The frost research can be divided into two general groups—experimental correlations and mathematical models. In general, the properties correlated are the frost thermal conductivity, the frost average density, and air-frost heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number). A limited operational range of these relations is observed. The mathematical models include both differential and integral approaches, which are, in general, solved numerically. These models are classified based on the geometrical configuration of cold surface. A comprehensive comparison of the models is given to assist the reader in making their decisions for design analysis. The existing gaps in the frost research are identified and recommendations are made.
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All previously mentioned ambient and surface conditions may affect the frost formation process.
“In fact, all previously mentioned ambient and surface conditions may affect the frost formation process. This has been extensively explored on surfaces of plates, heat exchangers, and refrigeration systems [4].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Tao et al. divided the entire frost formation process under natural convection into three periods: dropwise condensation (DWC), solidified liquid tip growth (STG), and densification and bulk growth (DBG).
“In this study, the entire frost formation process, namely the frost nucleation and growth process, was also divided into three periods according to the growth timeline, namely (1) the dropwise condensation (DWC) period, (2) the solidified liquid tip growth (STG) period, and (3) the densification and bulk growth (DBG) period [4].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
To model a complete frost formation process from an initial room-temperature condition, one needs to understand the interrelated heat, mass, and momentum transport phenomena within the frost and at the air-frost interface.
“Additionally, to model a complete frost formation process from an initial roomtemperature condition, one needs to understand the interrelated heat, mass, and momentum transport phenomena within the frost and at the air-frost interface [4].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
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FROSTING IN MEMBRANE ENERGY EXCHANGERS
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Design of High-Performance Surfaces for Controlling Phase Transformation
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Capacitance Sensing of Frost Growth Dynamics on Aluminum Surfaces with Different WettabilitiesPreprint
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Measurement and calculation of frost characteristics on cold surfaces
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- Authors
- Iragorry, J., Tao, Y.-X., & Jia, S.
- Affiliations
- a Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Florida International University , Miami, Fla
- b Heatcraft Refrigeration Products, Inc. , Stone Mountain, Ga
- Venue
- HVAC&R Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 393-420
- ISSN
- 1078-9669 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5587
- OpenAlex
- W2047404157
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science and Technology for the Built Environment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Keywords
- frost formation, frost density, Nusselt number correlation, thawing
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