Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 971

The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Review of Current Practices for Evaluating Causal Models in Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management Research

Gina J. Medsker, Larry J. Williams, Patricia J. Holahan·1994·Journal of Management
DOI 10.1016/0149-2063(94)90022-1
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This paper reviews the literature on structural model evaluation. It discusses the use of fit indices, the influential work of James, Mulaik, and Brett (19821, with emphasis on their prescriptions for model assessment, and recent developments in model evaluation presented since James et al. It then analyzes current modeling practices to determine how well evaluation techniques are being applied. Although modeling practices have improved since an earlier review (James & James, 19891, several problems remain. Suggestions are made for improving model evaluation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

OpenAlex · 10.1016/0149-2063(94)90022-1

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 59

  1. 10.1007/BF02294170 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.638 · DOI
  3. 10.2307/3151716 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Bentler, P. M., 1985, Theory and implementation of EQS: A structural equations program
  5. Bentler, P. M., 1989, E&S structural equations program manual
  6. 10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1177/0049124189017003004 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256 · Paper page
  9. Boomsma, A., 1982, Systems under indirect observation: Causality, structure, prediction, 149
  10. 10.1007/BF02294248 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Carmines, E. G., 1981, Social measurement: Current issues, 65
  12. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2501_13 · DOI · Paper page
  13. 10.1207/s15327906mbr1801_7 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1177/014662169001400207 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.317 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.317 · Paper page
  16. Cuttance, P., 1987, Structural modeling by example
  17. 10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.81 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.81 · Paper page
  18. 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1989.tb00677.x · DOI
  19. 10.1177/0049124192021002002 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2802_3 · DOI
  21. 10.1037/0021-9010.73.1.20 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.1.20
  22. 10.1177/014920639001600206 · DOI
  23. 10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.350 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.350 · Paper page
  24. 10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.307 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.307 · Paper page
  25. James, L. R., 1989, International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 371
  26. James, L. R., 1982, Causal analysis: Assumptions, models, and data
  27. 10.1007/BF02289343 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Joreskog, K. G., 1989, Lisrel7: A guide to the program and applications
  29. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_4 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2403_2 · DOI
  31. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_1 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.2307/3172556 · DOI
  33. 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.625 · DOI
  34. 10.4135/9781412983778 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.4135/9781412983822 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1037/0033-2909.100.1.107 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.533 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.490 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Marsh, H. W., 1989, Educational research methodology, measurement, and evaluation: An international handbook
  40. 10.1177/014662169101500106 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Paper page
  42. 10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562 · Paper page
  43. 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.247 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.247 · Paper page
  44. 10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.508 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.508
  45. 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 · DOI · Paper page
  46. 10.2307/255948 · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2302_14 · DOI
  48. 10.1007/BF02294104 · DOI · Paper page
  49. 10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00834.x · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1007/BF02291170 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1177/0049124192021001003 · DOI
  52. 10.1177/0049124187016001005 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Wheaton, B., 1977, Sociological methodology 1977
  54. 10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.323 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.323 · Paper page
  55. Williams, L. J., 1992, A comparison of two approaches to reverse coding effects with role stress measures
  56. Williams, L. J., Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
  57. Williams, L. J., Organizational behavior: Z’he state of the science
  58. Williams, L. J., 1989, Research in organizational behavior, 247
  59. 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb01563.x · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb01563.x

Cited by

See all 971

Metadata

Authors
Medsker, G. J., Williams, L. J., & Holahan, P. J.
Venue
Journal of Management
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1994-04
Volume
20
Issue
2
Pages
439-464
ISSN
  • 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1211
DOI
10.1016/0149-2063(94)90022-1
OpenAlex
W2157839339
Cited by
971
References
13
FWCI
16.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Review of Current Practices for Evaluating Causal Models in Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management Research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0149-2063(94)90022-1
The paper
Medsker, G. J., Williams, L. J., & Holahan, P. J. (1994). A Review of Current Practices for Evaluating Causal Models in Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management Research. Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-2063(94)90022-1

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.