Doctor–patient communication and the quality of care

Bensing, Jozien

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90047-g

Cited by 409Patient-Provider Communication in HealthcarePatient Satisfaction in HealthcarePrimary Care and Health Outcomes

Doctor–patient communication and the quality of care

Open access

Bensing, Jozien·1991·Social Science & Medicine

DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90047-g

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this article a comparison is made between three independent sources of assessment of medical consultations. A panel of 12 experienced general practitioners rated 103 consultations with hypertensive patients on the quality of psychosocial care. There was a wide consensus between the judges, resulting in a high reliability score. Two contrasting groups were formed: consultations that were rated high and those rated low in quality of psychosocial care. A comparison was made between this general assessment of the quality of psychosocial care and a more detailed assessment of the same consultations on nine much used communication variables made by trained psychologists. Knowledge about doctor-patient communication proved to predict very well as to which quality group the consultations belonged. A very high percentage (95%) was predicted accurately, solely on the basis of these nine communication variables. Affective behaviour, and especially nonverbal affective behaviour had the strongest predictive power. In the last part of the study a third source of assessment, i.e. patients' satisfaction was compared with both other sources. Much lower relationships were found, although most were in the predicted direction. Affective behavior seems to be the most important in determining patient's satisfaction. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90047-g

Cites

70 of 70 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Communication between patient and physician has a strong influence on the patient's satisfaction and compliance.
“The communication between patient and physician has a strong influence on the patient's satisfaction and compliance.(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)20)”
From Socio-economic status of the patient and doctor–patient communication: does it make a difference? (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
Both verbal and non-verbal behaviour of physicians during consultation seem to correlate positively with patient satisfaction.
“When looking at the impact of components of physicians' behaviour during consultation, both verbal behaviour and non-verbal behaviour seem to correlate positively with patient satisfaction.(13,14,15,16)”
From Socio-economic status of the patient and doctor–patient communication: does it make a difference? (2005) · cites this paper as [15]

Client-Centered Therapy
Meany, J. O., Rogers, C. R., Dorfman, E., Gordon, T., & Hobbes, N. (1951) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3707825 · Cited by 4,192 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of correlates of provider behavior in medical encounters
Hall, J. A., Roter, D. L., & Katz, N. R. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00002 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Gaps in Doctor-Patient Communication
Francis, V., KORSCH, B. M., & Morris, M. J. (1969) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196903062801004 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Doctor-Patient Communication
KORSCH, B. M., & Negrete, V. F. (1972) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0872-66 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
The Doctor, His Patient, and the Illness
Bálint, M. (1957) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-195711000-00016 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Methods For Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Specific Medical Encounters
Ware, J., & Hays, R. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198804000-00008 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Recent Evidence Supporting Psychologic and Social Risk Factors for Coronary Disease
Jenkins, C. D. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197605062941904 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Physicians’ communication style and patient satisfaction
Buller, M. K., & Buller, D. B. (1987) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136791 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Doctors talking to patients
Gray, D. P. (1984) · PubMed Central · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Theoretical and methodological issues in sociological studies of consumer satisfaction with medical care
Locker, D., & Dunt, D. R. (1978) · Social Science & Medicine Part A Medical Sociology · doi:10.1016/0271-7123(78)90067-6 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Recent Evidence Supporting Psychologic and Social Risk Factors for Coronary Disease
Jenkins, C. D. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197604292941806 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Studies on medical and population subjects.
Adelstein, A. M. (1976) · Cited by 408 · see citing works
What is a successful doctor-patient interview? a study of interactions and outcomes
Stewart, M. (1984) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(84)90284-3 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Relations Between Physicians?? Behaviors and Analogue Patients?? Satisfaction, Recall, and Impressions
ROTER, D. L., Hall, J. A., & Katz, N. R. (1987) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198705000-00007 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Variations in patients' compliance with doctors' advice: an empirical analysis of patterns o communication.
Davis, M. S. (1968) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.58.2.274 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Predicting Patient Satisfaction from Physicians??? Nonverbal Communication Skills
DiMatteo, M. R., Taranta, A., Friedman, H. S., & Prince, L. M. (1980) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198004000-00003 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Dimensions of Patient Attitudes Regarding Doctors and Medical Care Services
Ware, J. E., & Snyder, M. K. (1975) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-197508000-00006 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Problems in the conceptual framework of patient satisfaction research: an empirical exploration.
Fitzpatrick, R., & Hopkins, A. (1983) · Sociology of Health and Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep10491836 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Patient-physician communication: A descriptive summary of the literature
Roter, D., Hall, J. A., & Katz, N. (1988) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/0738-3991(88)90057-2 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Affective and Instrumental Components in the Physician-Patient Relationship: An Additional Dimension of Interaction Theory
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1980) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136736 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
The Function of the Professional's Affective Behavior in Client Satisfaction: A Revised Approach to Social Interaction Theory
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1976) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136462 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Patient satisfaction with the clinical encounter: Social psychological determinants
Like, R., & Zyzanski, S. J. (1987) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(87)90153-5 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Physician behaviors that correlate with patient satisfaction
Comstock, L. M., Hooper, E. M., Goodwin, J. M., & Goodwin, J. S. (1982) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-198202000-00005 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The effects of doctor-patient communication on satisfaction and outcome of care
Woolley, F. R., Kane, R. L., Hughes, C. C., & Wright, D. D. (1978) · Social Science & Medicine Part A Medical Sociology · doi:10.1016/0271-7123(78)90039-1 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Interaction Exchange Structure and Patient Satisfaction with Medical Interviews
Stiles, W. B., Putnam, S. M., Wolf, M. H., & James, S. A. (1979) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-197906000-00010 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Problems and Prospects for Health Services Research on Provider-Patient Communication
Inui, T. S., & Carter, W. B. (1985) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198505000-00013 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Outcome-Based Doctor-Patient Interaction Analysis
Inui, T. S., Carter, W. B., Kukull, W. A., & Haigh, V. H. (1982) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198206000-00001 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Building an effective doctor-patient relationship: From patient satisfaction to patient participation
Speedling, E. J., & Rose, D. N. (1985) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(85)90079-6 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A Social‐Psychological Analysis of Physician‐Patient Rapport: Toward a Science of the Art of Medicine
DiMatteo, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979.tb00787.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Topics in health psychology
Maes, S. (1988) · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Consumer Assessments of the Quality of Medical Care
Lebow, J. L. (1974) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-197404000-00004 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Outcome-Based Doctor-Patient Interaction Analysis
Carter, W. B., Inui, T. S., Kukull, W. A., & Haigh, V. H. (1982) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198206000-00002 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
How perceptions of a simulated physician-patient interaction influence intended satisfaction and compliance
Willson, P., & McNamara, J. R. (1982) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(82)90095-8 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Improving the psychiatric skills of the general practice trainee: an evaluation of a group training course
Gask, L. L., Goldberg, D. P., Lesser, A. L., & Millar, T. (1988) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00423.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Scale for the Measurement of "Satisfaction" with Medical Care: Modifications in Content, Format and Scoring
Zyzanski, S. J., Hulka, B. S., & Cassel, J. C. (1974) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-197407000-00007 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Hypertension labeling and sense of well-being.
Bloom, J. R., & Monterossa, S. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.11.1228 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The Task of Medicine
Wh, G. (1973) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0473-13 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Improving the psychiatric skills of established general practitioners: evaluation of group teaching
Gask, L. L., McGrath, G., Goldberg, D., & Millar, T. (1987) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00377.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Patient question asking in physician-patient interaction.
ROTER, D. L. (1984) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.3.5.395 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Satisfaction With Medical Care: Replications and Theoretic Reevaluation
Zastowny, T. R., Roghmann, K. J., & Hengst, A. (1983) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198303000-00004 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nonverbal Communication Between Patients and Medical Practitioners
Friedman, H. S. (1979) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979.tb00790.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Going to see the doctor
Stimson, G. V. (1975) · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Patient Exposition and Physician Explanation in Initial Medical Interviews and Outcomes of Clinic Visits
Putnam, S. M., Stiles, W. B., Jacob, M. C., & James, S. A. (1985) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198501000-00008 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Empathy in the doctor-patient relationship
Fine, V., & Therrien, M. E. (1977) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-197709000-00005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Evaluation of an interview training course for general practitioners
Bensing, J. M., & Sluijs, E. M. (1985) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(85)90064-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sources of Assessment of Physician Performance: A Study of Comparative Reliability and Patterns of Intercorrelation
DiMatteo, M. R., & DiNicola, D. D. (1981) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198108000-00003 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Chronic illness, stress and coping
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1984) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(84)90098-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The impact of clinical encounter events on patient and physician satisfaction
Weinberger, M., Greene, J. Y., & Mamlin, J. J. (1981) · Social Science & Medicine Part E Medical Psychology · doi:10.1016/0271-5384(81)90019-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lay evaluation of medical treatment and competence development of a model of the function of the physician's affective behavior
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1982) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(82)90370-7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Detection of Psychologic Complaints by General Practitioners
Verhaak, P. F. M. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198810000-00009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Comparison of questionnaires determining patient satisfaction with medical care.
Roberts, J., & Tugwell, P. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Medical Communication Behavior System
Wolraich, M. L., Albanese, M. A., Stone, G. C., Nesbitt, D., Thomson, E. A., Shymansky, J. A., Bartley, J. A., & Hanson, J. W. (1986) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198610000-00003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Task of Medicine: Dialogue at Wickenburg
Davies, N. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420140135043 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Physician Perception of Patient Satisfaction
Merkel, W. T. (1984) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198405000-00009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Survey and evaluation of approaches to physician performance measurement
Barro, A. R. (1973) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-197311000-00017 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A longitudinal study on the significance of environmental and individual factors associated with the development of essential hypertension.
Lindgärde, F., Furu, M., & Ljung, B. (1987) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.41.3.220 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Stress Potential and Esotericity of Health Problems
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1982) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198204000-00006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Physician behaviors that correlate with patient satisfaction
Hoyt, C. T. (1983) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0039-6257(83)90134-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Doctor-patient relationship in the light of patients' experiences
Vuori, H., Aaku, T., Aine, E., Erkko, R., & Johansson, R. (1972) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/0037-7856(72)90044-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Doctor-Patient Communication
deCastro, F. J. (1972) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992287201100212 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Variations in the diagnosis of psychosocial disorders: A general practice observation study
Verhaak, P. F. M. (1986) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(86)90153-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Evaluating the interview in primary care medicine
BARSKY, A. J., Kazis, L. E., Freiden, R. B., Goroll, A. H., Hatem, C. J., & Lawrence, R. S. (1980) · Social Science & Medicine Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology · doi:10.1016/s0271-7123(80)80075-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Type A behaviour and prevalent heart disease in the Caerphilly study: increase in risk or symptom reporting?
Gallacher, J., YARNELL, J. W. G., & Butland, B. K. (1988) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.42.3.226 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A model for communication skills development for family practice residents.
Jl, H., & Payne, F. E. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The primary medical care practitioner's attitudes toward psychiatry
Link, B. G., Levav, I., & Cohen, A. (1982) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(82)90136-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
What sort of doctor
Longmore, M. (1985) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The stress‐resolving component in primary medical care
Ben‐Sira, Z. (1986) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460020410 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Interpretatie en behandeling van psychosociale klachten in de huisartspraktijk : een onderzoek naar verschillen tussen huisartsen
Verhaak, P. F. M., & Dokter, H. J. (1986) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Muir Glacier, Alaska
Baldwin, S. P. (1892) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican04091892-227 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Methodisch werken: de ontwikkelingen sinds 1976.
Sluijs, E. M., & van der Leden, J. (1988) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 71 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Doctor-patient communication: a review of the literature
Ong, L. M. L., de Haes, J. C. J. M., Hoos, A. M., & Lammes, F. B. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00155-m · Cited by 2,430 · see citing works
The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients
van Ryn, M., & Burke, J. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00338-x · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
The measurement of satisfaction with healthcare: implications for practice from a systematic review of the literature.
Crow, R., Gage, H., Hampson, S., Hart, J., Kimber, A., Storey, L., & Thomas, H. (2002) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta6320 · Cited by 1,298 · see citing works
Socio-economic status of the patient and doctor–patient communication: does it make a difference?
Willems, S., De Maesschalck, S., Deveugele, M., Derese, A., & De Maeseneer, J. (2005) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2004.02.011 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
BEME Guide No. 2: Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine-a review with quality grading of articles
Aspegren, K. (1999) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421599978979 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
The Expression of Emotion Through Nonverbal Behavior in Medical Visits. Mechanisms and Outcomes
ROTER, D. L., Frankel, R. M., Hall, J. A., & Sluyter, D. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00306.x · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Surgeons' tone of voice: A clue to malpractice history
Ambady, N., LaPlante, D. A., Nguyen, T. T., Rosenthal, R., Chaumeton, N. R., & Levinson, W. S. (2002) · Surgery · doi:10.1067/msy.2002.124733 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Doctor-patient communication and cancer patients' quality of life and satisfaction.
Ong, L., Visser, M. R., Lammes, F., & de Haes, J. C. (2000) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00108-1 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Endpoints in medical communication research, proposing a framework of functions and outcomes
de Haes, J. C. J. M., & Bensing, J. M. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.12.006 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citation
Doctor-patient interactions in oncology
Ford, S., Fallowfield, L. J., & Lewis, S. W. (1996) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00265-0 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
The relation between patient-centeredness and patient empowerment: A discussion on concepts
Holmström, I. K., & Röing, M. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.08.008 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Why do providers contribute to disparities and what can be done about it?
Burgess, D. J., Fu, S. S., & Ryn, M. (2004) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30227.x · Cited by 310 · see citing works
The social gradient in doctor-patient communication
Verlinde, E., De Laender, N., De Maesschalck, S., Deveugele, M., & Willems, S. (2012) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-12 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Nonverbal behavior in clinician—patient interaction
Hall, J. A., Harrigan, J. A., & Rosenthal, R. (1995) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80049-6 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
The effects of two continuing medical education programs on communication skills of practicing primary care physicians
Levinson, W., & Roter, D. (1993) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02600146 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A history of patient education by health professionals in Europe and North America: From authority to shared decision making education
Hoving, C., Visser, A. P., Mullen, P. D., & van den Borne, B. H. P. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.015 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Teaching clinically experienced physicians communication skills. A review of evaluation studies
Hulsman, R. L., Ros, W. J. G., Winnubst, J. A. M., & Bensing, J. M. (1999) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00519.x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citation
Language barriers between nurses and asylum seekers: their impact on symptom reporting and referral
Bischoff, A., BOVIER, P. A., Isah, R., Gariazzo, F., Eytan, A., & Louis, L. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00376-3 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Getting Down to Business Talk, Gaze, and Body Orientation During Openings of Doctor-Patient Consultations
Robinson, J. D. (1998) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1998.tb00438.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Quality of Care and Patient Satisfaction: A Review of Measuring Instruments
van Campen, C., Sixma, H., Friele, R. D., Kerssens, J. J., & Peters, L. (1995) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/107755879505200107 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
A patient-doctor relationship questionnaire (PDRQ-9) in primary care: development and psychometric evaluation
Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., van Oppen, P., van Marwijk, H., de Beurs, E., & van Dyck, R. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2003.08.010 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Correlates of Physicians' Prevention-Related Practices: Findings From the Women Physicians' Health Study
Frank, E. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.4.359 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Patient-physician communication assessment instruments:
Boon, H. S., & Stewart, M. (1998) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(98)00063-9 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Measuring the involvement of patients in shared decision-making: a systematic review of instruments
Elwyn, G. J., Edwards, A., Mowle, S., Wensing, M., Wilkinson, C., Kinnersley, P., & Grol, R. P. T. M. (2001) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(00)00149-x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
House staff nonverbal communication skills and standardized patient satisfaction
Griffith, C. H. I., Wilson, J. F., Langer, S., & Haist, S. (2003) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.10506.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The role of provider–patient communication and trust in online sources in Internet use for health-related activities
Hou, J., & Shim, M. (2010) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2010.522691 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Physical therapists' nonverbal communication predicts geriatric patients' health outcomes.
Ambady, N., Koo, J., Rosenthal, R., & Winograd, C. H. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.3.443 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Association between nonverbal communication during clinical interactions and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Henry, S. G., Fuhrel-Forbis, A., Rogers, M. A. M., & Eggly, S. S. (2011) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.006 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Tailoring Health Messages
Kreuter, M. W., Farrell, D. W., Brennan, L. K., & Olevitch, L. R. (1999) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410603319 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Oh, by the way …
WHITE, J. C., Levinson, W. S., & ROTER, D. L. (1994) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02599139 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Evaluation of Communication Training Programs in Nursing Care: A Review of the Literature
Kruijver, I. P. M., Kerkstra, A., Francke, A. L., Bensing, J. M., & van de Wiel, H. B. M. (2000) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00096-8 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effect of communication skills training on patient outcomes in cancer care: a systematic review of the literature
Uitterhoeve, R., Bensing, J. M., Grol, R. P. T. M., deMulder, P., & van Achterberg, T. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01082.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessment of general practitioners by video observation of communicative and medical performance in daily practice: issues of validity, reliability and feasibility
Ram, Grol, Rethans, Schouten, Vleuten, & Kester (1999) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00348.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The Effects of Patient-Centered Communication: Exploring the Mediating Role of Trust in Healthcare Providers
Hong, H., & Oh, H. J. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1570427 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Prediction of adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A one-year longitudinal study
Godin, G., Côté, J., Naccache, H., Lambert, L., & Trottier, S. (2005) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120412331291715 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Older patient satisfaction with communication during an initial medical encounter
Greene, M. G., Adelman, R. D., Friedmann, E., & Charon, R. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90191-0 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Verbal and non-verbal communication skills including empathy during history taking of undergraduate medical students
Vogel, D., Meyer, M., & Harendza, S. (2018) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-018-1260-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Effect of facemasks on empathy and relational continuity: a randomised controlled trial in primary care
Wong, C. K. M., Yip, B. H. K., Mercer, S. W., Griffiths, S. M., Kung, K., Wong, M. C. S., Chor, J. S. Y., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2013) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-200 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine: a review with quality grading of articles
Aspegren, K. (1999) · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Effects of parent-provider communication during infant hospitalization in the NICU on parents: A systematic review with meta-synthesis and narrative synthesis
Labrie, N. H. M., van Veenendaal, N. R., Ludolph, R. A., Ket, J. C. F., van der Schoor, S. R. D., & van Kempen, A. A. M. W. (2021) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2021.04.023 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Children's Contributions to Pediatric Outpatient Encounters
van Dulmen, A. M. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.102.3.563 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Shifts in doctor-patient communication between 1986 and 2002: a study of videotaped General Practice consultations with hypertension patients
Bensing, J. M., Tromp, F., van Dulmen, S., van den Brink-Muinen, A., Verheul, W., & Schellevis, F. (2006) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-7-62 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Integrating measurement of control and affiliation in studies of physician–patient interaction: the interpersonal circumplex
Kiesler, D. J., & Auerbach, S. M. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00558-0 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Instrumental and Affective Aspects of Physician Behavior
Bensing, J., & Dronkers, J. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199204000-00001 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
Patient-directed gaze as a tool for discovering and handling psychosocial problems in general practice
Bensing, J., Kerssens, J., & van der Pasch, M. (1995) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf02173082 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
Structure, process or outcome: which contributes most to patients' overall assessment of healthcare quality?
Rademakers, J. J. D. J. M., Delnoij, D. M. J., & de Boer, D. (2011) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.042358 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Communication skills of nurses during interactions with simulated cancer patients
Kruijver, I. P. M., Kerkstra, A., Bensing, J. M., & van de Wiel, H. B. M. (2001) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01807.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationship between outpatients' perceptions of physicians' communication styles and patients' anxiety levels in a Japanese oncology setting.
Takayama, T., Yamazaki, Y., & Katsumata, N. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00413-5 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Analyzing Communication in Medical Consultations
Street, R. L. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199211000-00002 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The role of communications in nursing care for elderly people: a review of the literature
Caris-Verhallen, W. M. C. M., Kerkstra, A., & Bensing, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025915.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gender Differences in Fatigue
Bensing, J. M., Hulsman, R. L., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (1999) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199910000-00011 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Operational efficiency and patient‐centered health care: A view from online physician reviews
Ko, D., Mai, F., Shan, Z., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1002/joom.1028 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Teaching and assessing communication skills in Maastricht: the first twenty years
van Dalen, J., Bartholomeus, P., Kerkhofs, E., Lulofs, R., van Thiel, J., Rethans, J., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2001) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590120042991 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Spirituality, religion, and healing in palliative care
Puchalski, C. M., Dorff, E. N., & Hendi, I. Y. (2004) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2004.07.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Impoverished diabetic patients whose doctors facilitate their participation in medical decision making are more satisfied with their care
Golin, C., Dimatteo, M., Duan, N.-H., Leake, B., & Gelberg, L. (2002) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.20120.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Allogeneic blood transfusion, hospital charges, and length of hospitalization: a study of 487 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection.
Vamvakas, E. C., & Carven, J. H. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Racial Differences in How Patients Perceive Physician Communication Regarding Cardiac Testing
Collins, T. C., Clark, J. A., Petersen, L. A., & Kressin, N. R. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200201001-00004 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Factors in Client–Clinician Interaction That Influence Hearing Aid Adoption
Poost-Foroosh, L., Jennings, M. B., Shaw, L. E., Meston, C. N., & Cheesman, M. F. (2011) · Trends in Amplification · doi:10.1177/1084713811430217 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Nurse–patient communication in cancer care: does responding to patient's cues predict patient satisfaction with communication
Uitterhoeve, R., Bensing, J. M., Dilven, E., Donders, R., deMulder, P., & van Achterberg, T. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1434 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of snoezelen, integrated in 24h dementia care, on nurse–patient communication during morning care
van Weert, J. C. M., van Dulmen, A. M., Spreeuwenberg, P. M. M., Ribbe, M. W., & Bensing, J. M. (2004) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2004.07.013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physician–patient communication and patient satisfaction in Japanese cancer consultations
Ishikawa, H., Takayama, T., Yamazaki, Y., Seki, Y., & Katsumata, N. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00173-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Patient–doctor interaction in rehabilitation: The relationship between perceived interaction quality and long-term treatment results
Dibbelt, S., Schaidhammer-Placke, M., Fleischer, C., & Greitemann, B. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.031 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Assessing patients' priorities and perceptions of the quality of health care: the development of the QUOTE-Rheumatic-Patients instrument
van Campen, C. (1998) · British journal of rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/37.4.362 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Effect of psychiatric consultation models in primary care. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., Os, T. W. D. P. V., van Marwijk, H., & Leentjens, A. F. G. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.012 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Communication in End-Stage Cancer: Review of the Literature and Future Research
Trice, E. D., & Prigerson, H. G. (2009) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730902806786 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Doctor-patient communication in different European health care systems: relevance and performance from the patients' perspective.
van den Brink-Muinen, A., Verhaak, P., Bensing, J., Bahrs, O., Deveugele, M., Gask, L., Leiva, F., Mead, N., Messerli, V., Oppizzi, L., et al. (2000) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00098-1 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of Telemedicine on Patient Satisfaction and Perceptions of Care Quality in Radiation Oncology
Shaverdian, N., Gillespie, E. F., Cha, E., Kim, S. Y., Benvengo, S., Chino, F. L., Kang, J. J., Li, Y., Atkinson, T. M., Lee, N. Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.7687 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
End-of-life communication in the intensive care unit
Levin, T. T., Moreno, B., Silvester, W., & Kissane, D. W. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.04.007 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review.
Oliveira, V. C., Refshauge, K., Ferreira, M., Pinto, R., Beckenkamp, P., Negrão, R., & Ferreira, P. (2012) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s1836-9553(12)70123-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Collective AIDS activism and individuals' perceived self-advocacy in physician-patient communication
Brashers, E., Haas, M. J., Klingle, S., & Neidig, L. (2000) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00762.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Reconstructing Topical Sensitivity: Aspects of Face-Work in Talks Between Midwives and Expectant Mothers
Bredmar, P. L. M. (1996) · Research on Language and Social Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327973rlsi2904_3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Consulting room computers and their effect on general practitioner-patient communication
Noordman, J., Verhaak, P., van Beljouw, I., & van Dulmen, S. (2010) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmq058 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Shifts in doctor-patient communication during a series of outpatient consultations in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
van Dulmen, A. M., Verhaak, P. F. M., & Bilo, H. J. G. (1997) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(96)00965-2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Doctors'non-verbal behaviour in consultations: look at the patient before you look at the computer
Silverman, J., & Kinnersley, P. (2010) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp10x482293 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A Study of Doctors' and Patients' Communication During a Primary Care Consultation: Implications for Communication Training
Cegala, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/108107397127743 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Facilitation of Patient Involvement in Care: Development and Validation of a Scale
Martin, L. R., Matteo, M. R. D., & Lepper, H. S. (2001) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964280109595777 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Communication in general practice: differences between European countries
van den Brink-Muinen, A., Verhaak, P., Bensing, J. M., Bahrs, O., Deveugele, M. I., Gask, L. L., Mead, N., Leiva-Fernández, F., Perez, A. R., Messerli, V., et al. (2003) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmg426 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
How do paediatricians communicate with children and parents?
Wassmer, E., Minnaar, G., Aal, N. A., Atkinson, M., Gupta, E., Yuen, S. C.-S., & Rylance, G. (2004) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02637.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The enigma of doctor-patient relationship
Gowda, M., Harbishettar, V., Krishna, K. R., & Srinivasa, P. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_96_19 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Task and socioemotional behaviors of physicians: a test of reciprocity and social interaction theories in analogue physician-patient encounters.
Roberts, C. A., & Aruguete, M. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00245-2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cancer Genetic Counseling: Communication and Counselees’ Post-Visit Satisfaction, Cognitions, Anxiety, and Needs Fulfillment
Pieterse, A., van Dulmen, A., Beemer, F., Bensing, J., & Ausems, M. (2007) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-006-9048-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
When do cancer patients regret their treatment decision? A path analysis of the influence of clinicians’ communication styles and the match of decision-making styles on decision regret
Nicolai, J., Buchholz, A., Seefried, N., Reuter, K., Härter, M. C., Eich, W., & Bieber, C. S. (2015) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.019 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Dynamic modeling of patient and physician eye gaze to understand the effects of electronic health records on doctor–patient communication and attention
Montague, E. N. H., & Asan, O. (2013) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.11.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The impact of matching the patient's vocabulary: a randomized control trial
Williams, N. (2004) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmh610 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effects of video interaction analysis training on nurse–patient communication in the care of the elderly
Caris-Verhallen, W. M. C. M., Kerkstra, A., Bensing, J. M., & Grypdonck, M. H. F. (2000) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00094-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physician communication in different phases of a consultation at an oncology outpatient clinic related to patient satisfaction
Eide, H., Graugaard, P. K., Holgersen, K., & Finset, A. (2003) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00225-2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The impact of assessing simulated bad news consultations on medical students’ stress response and communication performance
van Dulmen, S., Tromp, F., Grosfeld, F. J. M., ten Cate, O., & Bensing, J. M. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.06.016 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evaluating medical students' non‐verbal communication during the objective structured clinical examination
Ishikawa, H., Hashimoto, H., Kinoshita, M., Fujimori, S., Shimizu, T., & Yano, E. (2006) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02628.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Patient risk profiles and practice variation in nonadherence to antidepressants, antihypertensives and oral hypoglycemics
van Dijk, L., Heerdink, E. R., Somai, D., van Dulmen, S., Sluijs, E. M., de Ridder, D. T. D., Griens, A. M. G. F., & Bensing, J. M. (2007) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-51 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dentist—Patient Communication: A Review of Relevant Models
Sondell, K., & Söderfeldt, B. (1997) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016359709115403 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Fears, Uncertainties, and Hopes: Patient-Initiated Actions and Doctors’ Responses During Oncology Interviews
Beach, W. A., & Dozier, D. M. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1018644 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Encounters with Anna Thompson: The consumer's experience of neuropsychological assessment
Bennett–Levy, J., Klein-boonschate, M. A., Batchelor, J., McCarter, R. J., & Walton, N. (1994) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049408401559 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Meeting patient's expectations in primary care consultations in Lithuania.
Žėbienė, E., Razgauskas, E., Basys, V., Baubinienė, A., Gurevičius, R., Padaiga, Ž., & Švab, I. (2004) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzh006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Effects of continuing paediatric education in interpersonal communication skills
van Dulmen, A. M., & Holl, R. A. (2000) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s004310051316 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Physician characteristics and the physician-patient relationship. Impact of sex, year of graduation, and specialty.
Barnsley, J. M., Williams, A. P., Cockerill, R. W., & Tanner, J. K. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cure-oriented versus care-oriented attitudes in medicine
Valck, C. D., Bensing, J. M., Bruynooghe, R., & Batenburg, V. (2001) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(00)00201-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
Joking or Decision-Making? Affective and Instrumental Behaviour in Doctor-Parent-Child Communication
Tates, K., Meeuwesen, L., Bensing, J. M., & Elbers, E. (2002) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440290029548 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Nurse-elderly patient communication in home care and institutional care: an explorative study
Caris-Verhallen, W. M. C. M., Kerkstra, A., van der Heijden, P. G. M., & Bensing, J. M. (1998) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7489(97)00039-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
QUOTE-HIV: an instrument for assessing quality of HIV care from the patients' perspective
Hekkink, C. F. (2003) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qhc.12.3.188 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Quality of rheumatoid arthritis care: the patient's perspective
Jacobi, C. E. (2004) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzh009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

The role of the general practitioner's affective behaviour in medical encounters
Bensing, J., Schreurs, K., & de Rijk, A. (1996) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449608400278 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Doctor-patient communication and cancer patients' quality of life and satisfaction.
Ong, L., Visser, M. R., Lammes, F., & de Haes, J. C. (2000) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00108-1 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Doctor and patient perceptions of the level of doctor explanation and quality of patient–doctor communication
Hagihara, A., & Tarumi, K. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00420.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Quality doctor-patient communication for better patient satisfaction in primary care practice
Lee, P. Y. (2022) · Malaysian Family Physician · doi:10.51866/ed0005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Measuring the quality of patient–physician communication
Cuffy, C., Hagiwara, N., Vrana, S. R., & McInnes, B. T. (2020) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103589 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Authors: Bensing, J.
Corresponding author: Bensing, Jozien
Venue: Social Science & Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991-01
Volume: 32
Issue: 11
Pages: 1301-1310
ISSN: 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90047-g
OpenAlex: W2153769200
Cited by: 407
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 19.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.nivel.nl
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Keywords: physician-patient communication, quality of care, psychosocial care, hypertension, affective behaviour, nonverbal communication, patient satisfaction, general practitioners, communication variables, inter-rater reliability
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Aged, Communication, Consumer Behavior, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality of Health Care, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Doctor–patient communication and the quality of care

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks