Use of fluorescence imaging to investigate the structure and function of intestinal M cells
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging technology can be applied to many aspects of cell biology ranging from the analysis of specific markers in cells and tissues to the biological actions and distribution of fluorescent proteins or particles in living cells. In this review, we examine the role of fluorescence imaging, in conjunction with other microscopical techniques, to study sites of uptake of material across the gastrointestinal epithelium. We will focus primarily on intestinal M cells, specialised antigen-sampling cells in the epithelium of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), including Peyer's patches. In addition to their importance as sites for uptake of inert material, and hence their potential as a route of delivery of vaccines, etc., M cells are also a major site of infection by a range of microbial pathogens. The application of new fluorescence imaging technologies has expanded our knowledge on the structure, development and function of these fascinating cells.
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The proportion of M cells in follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches can be high in rabbits and mini-pigs, but is much lower in rodents (10%) and humans (<5%).
“Although the proportion of M cells in follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches can be high in rabbits and mini-pigs, the occurrence in rodents (10%) and humans (<5%) is much lower [29].”
From Use of lectin-functionalized particles for oral immunotherapy (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
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“Even if particles could pass through the epithelial cells, further movement would be restricted by the basement membrane for anything of diameter > approx 15 nm and entry into cells is mostly controlled by receptor-mediated biological mechanisms of endocytosis (Buda et al., 2005).”
BackgroundIntestinal M cells: The fallible sentinels?
Miller, H. (2007) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i10.1477 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
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Distribution and translocation of micro- and nanoplastics in fish
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“It is known that M cells exist in the Peyer patch, which is an important part of the intestinal mucosa and its surface is covered with a layer of M cells, of mammals and are involved in the transport of macromolecules, microorganisms and plastic particles (Buda et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSun, M., Zhai, X., Xue, K., Hu, L., Yang, X., Gao, L., & Si, L. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.011 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Delivery systems and adjuvants for oral vaccines
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“This capacity of M cells to endocytose and transport protein antigens and inert particles from the lumen into the pocket [21], where macrophages, DC and lymphocytes are located, provides an opportunity for mucosal vaccine delivery.”
BackgroundChemical Modification of Chitosan for Efficient Vaccine Delivery
Xing, L., Fan, Y., Zhou, T., Gong, J., Cui, L.-H., Cho, K., Choi, Y., Jiang, H., & Cho, C. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23020229 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the proportion of M cells in the FAE is species-dependent [48].”
BackgroundKang, S. H., Hong, S. J., Lee, Y.-K., & Cho, S. (2018) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym10090948 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“However, their low numbers in the PP of rodents (~10%) and humans (~5%) impacts the ability to achieve significant vaccine targeting [43,44].”
BackgroundSalmonella translocates across an in vitro M cell model independently of SPI-1 and SPI-2
Martínez‐Argudo, I., & Jepson, M. A. (2008) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.2008/021162-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Most studies that have addressed cellular roles for SPI-1 and SPI-2 have concentrated on non-polarized cell lines, whereas the principal site of infection is the polarized epithelium lining the intestinal tract, which has features not readily modelled in conventional cell culture experiments (Buda et al., 2005).”
BackgroundLipid nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability
Gangavarapu, A., Tapia-Lopez, L. V., Sarkar, B., Pena‐Zacarias, J., Badruddoza, A. Z. M., & Nurunnabi, M. (2024) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d4nr01487a · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Microplastics detected in haemolymph of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata
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Breaking the barricade of oral chemotherapy through polysaccharide nanocarrier
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Nanocarriers based oral lymphatic drug targeting: Strategic bioavailability enhancement approaches
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Generation of improved mucosal vaccines by induction of innate immunity
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Use of lectin-functionalized particles for oral immunotherapy
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Silica nanoparticles on the oral delivery of insulin
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“cells and less than 1% of intestinal epithelial cells [92], and thus the nonspecific absorption of particles can be confined.”
BackgroundMehrdadi, S. (2023) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.2024.016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“95 Some studies demonstrated nanoparticles transportation through intestinal villi and contradicting the recent debates over the rate of particle absorption.”
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“Moreover, caution must be expressed in terms of predictions of particle uptake by M cells in vivo since the estimate of M cells in the human FAE is <5% [18].”
BackgroundMucosal vaccines to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a new perspective
Renukaradhya, G. J., Dwivedi, V., Manickam, C., Binjawadagi, B., & Benfield, D. A. (2012) · Animal Health Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s1466252312000023 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“(Buda et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSoni, J., Baird, A. W., O’Brien, L., McElroy, M., Callanan, J. J., Bassett, H. F., Campion, D. P., & Brayden, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.06.021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
From in vitro to in vivo: A comprehensive guide to IVIVC development for long-acting therapeutics
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“in rodents, and 5 % in humans [8].”
BackgroundM Cells Prefer Archaeosomes: An In Vitro/In Vivo Snapshot Upon Oral Gavage in Rats
Morilla, M. J., Gómez, D. L. M., Cabral, P., Cabrera, M., Balter, H. S., Tesoriero, M. V. D., Higa, L. H., Roncaglia, D. I., & Romero, E. L. (2011) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/156720111795256138 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“These results obtained in rodents, where PP are composed of at least 10% of M cells, can not be straightly extrapolated to humans, that posses less than 5% of M cells, between other differences [17, 74].”
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“They possess a high transcytotic capacity, wherein the uptake of nanoparticles has been proven to occur through adsorptive endocytosis by mediated clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, fluid-phase endocytosis, and phagocytosis [39].”
BackgroundApplications of Cell Imaging in Salmonella Research
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Effects of Lactobacillus plant arum on genes expression pattern in mice jejunal Peyer’s patches
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Nanotechnology in Oral Drug Delivery: Salient Aspects, State of Art, and Applications
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Biological Barriers: Transdermal, Oral, Mucosal, Blood Brain Barrier, and the Blood Eye Barrier
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Mucosa-Adherent Lactobacilli: Commensal and Pathogenic Characteristics
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“However, the intestinal enterocytes also have the ability to translocate particles although to a lesser extent attributable to their low endocytic activity.(63,64) The unique morphological features of the M cells including lack of a thick filamentous brush border glycocalyx, a thinner mucous gel layer, and presence of…”
BackgroundFactors affecting the pharmacokinetics of the liposomal drugs
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Tyrosine-based photoluminescent diketopiperazine supramolecular aggregates
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Rapid evaluation of the efficacy of microbial cell removal from fabrics
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“Recent advances in Xuorescent bio-imaging [ 4 , 5] have enabled the visualization of particles with 10 m in diameter existing at a depth of 1 mm [5].”
BackgroundOrally Delivered Peptides for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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“Uptake of particles, microorganisms and macromolecules by M cells occurs through adsorptive endocytosis by way of clathrincoated pits and vesicles, fluid phase endocytosis, and phagocytosis (Buda et al 2005).”
BackgroundNanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery and Targeting
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Emerging Nanovaccine Technology: Defense Against Infection by Oral Administration
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A Multi Time-Scale Approach of the Lipid Bilayer Dynamics
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Layer-by-Layer Functionalization for Oral Liposomal Formulations in Anti-aging Medicine
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Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery and Targeting
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Automatic Mapping of Viable Microbial Cells Distributed in the Surface Layer of Cotton Fabrics
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“, 1999), and other methods (Burton, 2003; Buda et al., 2005) have been proposed and in fact some models based on these prin-”
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Designing oligoarginine-associated PECA nanoparticles for enhanced cellular uptake
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- Authors
- BUDA, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- BUDA, A
- ORCID
- BUDA, A
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-134
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992521891
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- fluorescence imaging, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, Peyer's patches, antigen sampling, gastrointestinal epithelium, oral vaccine delivery, microbial infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Molecular Biology, Peyer's Patches, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Microscopy, Confocal
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