The DOI matches its Crossref record; 378 of the 389 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Extracellular matrix structure
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis. ECM is a highly dynamic structural network that continuously undergoes remodeling mediated by several matrix-degrading enzymes during normal and pathological conditions. Deregulation of ECM composition and structure is associated with the development and progression of several pathologic conditions. This article emphasizes in the complex ECM structure as to provide a better understanding of its dynamic structural and functional multipotency. Where relevant, the implication of the various families of ECM macromolecules in health and disease is also presented.
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In the citing paper
“The ECM's functional characteristics and structural components, such as collagen and proteoglycans, play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting angiogenesis.”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“ECM glycoproteins, like laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin or collagen, mediate stem cell adhesion, pluripotency maintenance, lineage commitment, migration, and neural differentiation through integrin signaling and biomechanical cues (Watt and Huck, 2013; Theocharis et al., 2016; Hagbard et al., 2018).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Theocharis et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Neuronal cells, particularly those derived from stem cells, require a supportive ECM environment that mimics their natural niche to maintain their viability, morphology, and function, which is why additional ECM components are used as coating during cultivation to enhance cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation (Friedl and Brocker, 2000; Theocharis et al., 2016; Nicolas et al., 2020).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Theocharis et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Neuronal cells, particularly those derived from stem cells, require a supportive ECM environment that mimics their natural niche to maintain their viability, morphology, and function, which is why additional ECM components are used as coating during cultivation to enhance cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation (Friedl and Brocker, 2000; Theocharis et al., 2016; Nicolas et al., 2020).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Theocharis et al., 2016
Citations
Cites
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The extracellular matrix at a glance
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Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling
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Collagen Structure and Stability
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Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis
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11 of the 389 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Items 1,001–1,004 of 1,004
You, P., Sun, H., Chen, H., Li, C., Mao, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, H., & Dong, H. (2024) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214017 · Cited by 14
Engineering Biomimetic Microenvironment for Organoid
Chen, S., Wang, L., Yang, L., Rana, A. S., & He, C. (2023) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202300223 · Cited by 10
Multimodal mechanoregulation strategies towards tissue regeneration
Yu, Q., Duan, Y., Zhu, Z., Ji, W., Zhu, C., & Li, B. (2025) · Mechanobiology in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mbm.2025.100159 · Cited by 8
Spänle, J. V., Haiber, L. M., & Seeger, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1800157 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Theocharis, A. D., Skandalis, S. S., Gialeli, C., & Karamanos, N. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Patras (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Karamanos, Nikos K.
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 97
- Pages
- 4-27
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2187985754
- Cited by
- 2,598
- References
- 389
- Citations by year
- 2026: 270 · 2025: 343 · 2024: 332 · 2023: 332 · 2022: 319 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 269 · 2019: 167 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 39
- FWCI
- 8.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Union
- Greek National Funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) Research Funding Program: Thales
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- extracellular matrix, collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, cell adhesion receptors, extracellular matrix remodeling, matrix-degrading enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Receptors, Cell Surface, Extracellular Matrix Proteins
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