Surgical mask filter and fit performance
Open accessAbstract
Background Surgical masks have been used since the early 1900s to minimize infection of surgical wounds from wearer-generated bacteria. There is ongoing debate, however, whether surgical masks can meet the expectations of respiratory protection devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate the filter performance and facial fit of a sample of surgical masks. Methods Filter penetration was measured for at least 3 replicates of 9 surgical masks using monodisperse latex sphere aerosols (0.895, 2.0, and 3.1 microm) at 6 L/min and 0.075-microm sodium chloride particles at 84 L/min. Facial fit was measured on 20 subjects for the 5 masks with lowest particle penetration, using both qualitative and quantitative fit tests. Results Masks typically used in dental settings collected particles with significantly lower efficiency than those typically used in hospital settings. All subjects failed the unassisted qualitative fit test on the first exercise (normal breathing). Eighteen subjects failed the assisted qualitative fit tests; 60% failed on the first exercise. Quantitative fit factors ranged from 2.5 to 9.6. Conclusion None of these surgical masks exhibited adequate filter performance and facial fit characteristics to be considered respiratory protection devices.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In general, the filter efficiency of N95 filtering facepiece respirators is superior to surgical masks.
“In general, the filter efficiency of N95 FFRs is superior to SMs. (7,8)”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Toward Understanding the Risk of Secondary Airborne Infection: Emission of Respirable Pathogens
Nicas, M., Nazaroff, W. W., & Hubbard, A. (2005) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459620590918466 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
(1994) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e546872006-001 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Inhaling to mitigate exhaled bioaerosols
Edwards, D. A., Man, J. C., Brand, P., Katstra, J. P., Sommerer, K., Stone, H. A., Nardell, E., & Scheuch, G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408159101 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
SARS among Critical Care Nurses, Toronto
Loeb, M., McGeer, A., Henry, B., Ofner, M., Rose, D., Hlywka, T., Levie, J., McQueen, J., Smith, S., Moss, L., et al. (2004) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1002.030838 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Bacterial aerosols in dental practice – a potential hospital infection problem?
Rautemaa‐Richardson, R., Nordberg, A. K., Wuolijoki‐Saaristo, K., & Meurman, J. H. (2006) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.04.011 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Particle Concentration in Exhaled Breath
FAIRCHILD, C. I., & STAMPFER, J. F. (1987) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15298668791385868 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Aerosol penetration and leakae characteristics of masks used in the health care industry
Weber, A. M., Willeke, K., Marchloni, R., Myojo, T., McKay, R. T., Donnelly, J., & Liebhaber, F. B. (1993) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/0196-6553(93)90027-2 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Disposable surgical face masks for preventing surgical wound infection in clean surgery
Vincent, M., & Edwards, P. J. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002929.pub3 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Comparison of Performance of Three Different Types of Respiratory Protection Devices
Lawrence, R. B., Duling, M. G., Calvert, C. A., & Coffey, C. C. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459620600829211 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Chen, S.-K., Vesley, D., Brosseau, L. M., & Vincent, J. H. (1994) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/0196-6553(94)90116-3 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationOfner-Agostini, M., Gravel, D., McDonald, L. C., Lem, M., Sarwal, S., McGeer, A., Green, K., Vearncombe, M., Roth, V. R., Paton, S., et al. (2006) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/504363 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
MCCULLOUGH, N., BROSSEAU, L., & VESLEY, D. (1997) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(97)00022-7 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of face masks in preventing inhalation of airborne contaminants
Pippin, D. J., Verderame, R. A., & Weber, K. K. (1987) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/0278-2391(87)90352-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ofner, M., Lem, M., Sarwal, S., Vearncombe, M., & Simor, A. E. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Seroepidemiological study of respiratory virus infections among dental surgeons
Davies, K.-J., Herbert, A.-M., Westmoreland, D., & Bagg, J. (1994) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4808430 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
METHOD FOR EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL MASKS
Greene, V. W., & Vesley, D. (1962) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.83.3.663-667.1962 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Nicas, M. (1996) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01098.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Face Seal Leakage of Half Masks and Surgical Masks
Tuomi, T. (1985) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15298668591394879 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Respiratory protection and the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Nicas, M. (1995) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.4700270302 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A century after their introduction, are surgical masks necessary?
Belkin, N. L. (1996) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(06)63628-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Common Materials for Emergency Respiratory Protection: Leakage Tests with a Manikin
Cooper, D. W., Hinds, W. C., Price, J. M., Weker, R., & Yee, H. S. (1983) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15298668391405634 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Protecting staff against airborne viral particles: in vivo efficiency of laser masks
Derrick, J. L., Li, P. T. Y., Tang, S. P. Y., & Gomersall, C. D. (2006) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.021 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Development of a New Qualitative Test for Fit Testing Respirators
Mullins, H. E., Danisch, S. G., & Johnston, A. R. (1995) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15428119591016278 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The efficiency of surgical face masks
Ford, C. R., & Peterson, D. E. (1963) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/0002-9610(63)90163-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Particulate masks and non‐powdered gloves reduce latex allergen inhaled by healthcare workers
Mitakakis, T. Z., Tovey, E. R., Yates, D. H., Toelle, B. G., Johnson, A., Sutherland, M., O’Hehir, R. E., & Marks, G. B. (2002) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01432.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
McCullough, N. V., Brosseau, L. M., & Vesley, D. (1997) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/41.6.677 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonnel Protection During Aerosol Ventilation Studies using Radioactive Technetium (Tc99m)
Huff, R. D., Horwitz, P., & Klash, S. J. (1994) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15428119491018213 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Abstracts (Continue in Part XXIV)
(1998) · Proceedings of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrmp.22419980124 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [10]Respiratory protective devices; final rules and notice, 42 CFR part 84. 1995;60:30335-98.
- [11]Respiratory protection, 29 CFR §1910.134. 1998;63:1151-1200.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Milton, D. K., Fabian, M. P., Cowling, B. J., Grantham, M. L., & McDevitt, J. J. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Asadi, S., Cappa, C. D., Barreda, S., Wexler, A. S., Bouvier, N. M., & Ristenpart, W. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72798-7 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19
Bazant, M. Z., & Bush, J. W. M. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2018995118 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Grinshpun, S. A., Haruta, H., Eninger, R. M., Reponen, T., McKay, R. T., & Lee, S.-A. (2009) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459620903120086 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
(2010) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/meq044 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
On respiratory droplets and face masks
Dbouk, T., & Drikakis, D. (2020) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0015044 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Witt, C. C., Rapp, S., Wild, P. S., Andreae, M. O., Pöschl, U., & Su, H. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg6296 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Liao, L., Xiao, W., Yu, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Lin, Y. L., Kilinc-Balci, F. S., Price, A., Chu, L., et al. (2020) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
O’Dowd, K., Nair, K. M., Forouzandeh, P., Mathew, S., Grant, J. J., Moran, R., Bartlett, J., Bird, J., & Pillai, S. C. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13153363 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke in Children and Public Health Tools: A Narrative Review
Holm, S. M., Miller, M. D., & Balmes, J. R. (2021) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-020-00267-4 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Drewnick, F., Pikmann, J., Fachinger, F., Moormann, L., Sprang, F., & Borrmann, S. (2021) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2020.1817846 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Progress and Perspective of Antiviral Protective Material
Zhou, J., Hu, Z., Zabihi, F., Chen, Z., & Zhu, M. (2020) · Advanced Fiber Materials · doi:10.1007/s42765-020-00047-7 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
A comparison of facemask and respirator filtration test methods
Rengasamy, S., Shaffer, R. E., Williams, B., & Smit, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2016.1225157 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Bae, S., Kim, M., Kim, J. Y., Cha, H.-H., Lim, J. S., Jung, J., Kim, M., Oh, D. K., Lee, M.-K., Choi, S., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-1342 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
RetractedEscandón-Vargas, K., Rasmussen, A. L., Bogoch, I. I., Murray, E. J., Escandón, K., Popescu, S. V., & Kindrachuk, J. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06357-4 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Inward and Outward Effectiveness of Cloth Masks, a Surgical Mask, and a Face Shield
Pan, J., Harb, C., Leng, W., & Marr, L. C. (2021) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2021.1890687 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Effectiveness of face masks used to protect Beijing residents against particulate air pollution
Cherrie, J. W., Apsley, A., Cowie, H. A., Steinle, S., Mueller, W., Lin, C., Horwell, C. J., Sleeuwenhoek, A., & Loh, M. M. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104765 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Kisielinski, K., Giboni, P., Prescher, A., Klosterhalfen, B., Gräßel, D., Funken, S., Kempski, O. S., & Hirsch, O. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18084344 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Noti, J. D., Lindsley, W. G., Blachère, F. M., Cao, G., Kashon, M. L., Thewlis, R. E., McMillen, C. M., King, W. P., Szalajda, J. V., & Beezhold, D. H. (2012) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cis237 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks: A perspective
Das, O., Neisiany, R. E., Capezza, A. J., Hedenqvist, M. S., Försth, M., Xu, Q., Jiang, L., Ji, D., & Ramakrishna, S. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139611 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Zhou, S. S., Lukula, S., Chiossone, C., Nims, R. W., Suchmann, D. B., & Ijaz, M. K. (2018) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.03.103 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Deng, W., Sun, Y., Yao, X., Subramanian, K., Chen, L., Wang, H., Chopra, S. S., Xu, B. B., Wang, J., Chen, J., et al. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202102189 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Song, Y., Hu, X., Yan, L., & Zhu, X. (2019) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.31464 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Workman, A. D., Jafari, A., Welling, D. B., Varvares, M. A., Gray, S. T., Holbrook, E. H., Scangas, G. A., Xiao, R., Carter, B. S., Curry, W. T., et al. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820931805 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review
Godoy, L. R. G., Jones, A. E., Anderson, T. N., Fisher, C., Seeley, K. M. L., Beeson, E. A., Zane, H. K., Peterson, J. W., & Sullivan, P. D. (2020) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Viscusi, D. J., Bergman, M. S., Novak, D. A., Faulkner, K. A., Palmiero, A. J., Powell, J. B., & Shaffer, R. E. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.585927 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Effectiveness of surgical masks against influenza bioaerosols
Makison Booth, C., Clayton, M., Crook, B., & Gawn, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2013.02.007 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Protective Face Masks: Current Status and Future Trends
Tuñón‐Molina, A., Takayama, K., Redwan, E. M. M. M., Uversky, V. N., Andrés, J., & Serrano‐Aroca, Á. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c12227 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Jung, H., Kim, J. K., Lee, S., Lee, J., Kim, J., Tsai, P., & Yoon, C. (2014) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.06.0201 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Review of the Breathability and Filtration Efficiency of Common Household Materials for Face Masks
Kwong, L. H., Wilson, R., Kumar, S., Crider, Y. S., Sanchez, Y. R., Rempel, D., & Pillarisetti, A. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c10146 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles
Bagheri, G., Thiede, B., Hejazi, B., Schlenczek, O., & Bodenschatz, E. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2110117118 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
O’Kelly, E., Arora, A., Pirog, S., Ward, J., & Clarkson, P. J. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245688 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ou, Q., Pei, C., Kim, S. C., Abell, E., & Pui, D. Y. H. (2020) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105609 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Jones, R. M. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2020.1784427 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Protecting healthcare workers from pandemic influenza: N95 or surgical masks?
Gralton, J., & McLaws, M. (2010) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181b9e8b3 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Babaahmadi, V., Amid, H., Naeimirad, M., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149233 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Protective Facemask Impact on Human Thermoregulation: An Overview
Roberge, R. J., Kim, J., & Coca, A. (2011) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer069 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Karjalainen, M., Kontunen, A., Saari, S. E., Rönkkö, T., Lekkala, J. O., Roine, A., & Oksala, N. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195274 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Dispersion and Exposure to a Cough-Generated Aerosol in a Simulated Medical Examination Room
Lindsley, W. G., King, W. P., Thewlis, R. E., Reynolds, J. S., Panday, K. V., Cao, G., & Szalajda, J. V. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2012.725986 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Bischoff, W. E., Reid, T., Russell, G. B., & Peters, T. R. (2011) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir238 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hill, W. C., Hull, M. S., & MacCuspie, R. I. (2020) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03182 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Reduction of allergic rhinitis symptoms with face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic
Dror, A. A., Eisenbach, N., Marshak, T., Layous, E., Zigron, A., Shivatzki, S., Morozov, N. G., Taiber, S., Alon, E. E., Ronen, O., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.035 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review
Greenhalgh, T., MacIntyre, C. R., Baker, M. G., Bhattacharjee, S., Chughtai, A. A., Fisman, D. N., Kunasekaran, M. P., Kvalsvig, A., Lupton, D. A., Oliver, M., et al. (2024) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00124-23 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Zhou, Q., Hu, X., Zhou, J., Zhao, M., Zhu, X., & Zhu, X. (2019) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s201975 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lee, K.-P., Yip, J. Y. W., Kan, C. W., Chiou, J. A., & Yung, K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186623 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Stinner, D. J., Lebrun, C. T., Hsu, J. R., Jahangir, A. A., & Mir, H. R. (2020) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000001782 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters: a review
Junter, G., & Lebrun, L. (2017) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-017-9434-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A Review of Filtration Performance of Protective Masks
Wang, A.-B., Zhang, X., Gao, L., Zhang, T., Xu, H., & Bi, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032346 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Monitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19
Bazant, M. Z., Kodio, O., Cohen, A. E., Khan, K., Gu, Z., & Bush, J. W. M. (2021) · Flow · doi:10.1017/flo.2021.10 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Proper Use of Surgical N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks in the OR
Benson, S. M., Novak, D. A., & Ogg, M. J. (2013) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2013.01.015 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest
Greenhalgh, T. (2020) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.13415 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rengasamy, S., Eimer, B. C., & Szalajda, J. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.866715 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“In general, the filter efficiency of N95 FFRs is superior to SMs. (7,8) Filter efficiency is enhanced by electrostatic charge on filter media of N95 FFRs.”
InfluentialExpiratory aerosol particle escape from surgical masks due to imperfect sealing
Cappa, C. D., Asadi, S., Barreda, S., Wexler, A. S., Bouvier, N. M., & Ristenpart, W. D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91487-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
He, X., Reponen, T., McKay, R. T., & Grinshpun, S. A. (2013) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2013.829209 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The COVID‐19 pandemic, personal protective equipment and respirator: A narrative review
Ha, J. F. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.13578 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Shanmugam, V., Babu, K., Garrison, T. F., Capezza, A. J., Olsson, R. T., Ramakrishna, S., Hedenqvist, M. S., Singha, S., Bartoli, M., Giorcelli, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.50658 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bhattacharjee, S., Bahl, P., Chughtai, A. A., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2020) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
COVID-19: An Aerosol’s Point of View from Expiration to Transmission to Viral-mechanism
Hsiao, T.-C., Chuang, H., Griffith, S. M., Chen, S., & Young, L. (2020) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.04.0154 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Life cycle environmental impacts of disposable medical masks
Türkmen, B. A. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17430-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lindsley, W. G., Blachère, F. M., Beezhold, D. H., Law, B. F., Derk, R. C., Hettick, J. M., Woodfork, K. A., Goldsmith, W. T., Harris, J. R., Duling, M. G., et al. (2021) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2021.1933377 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Quantifying exposure risk: Surgical masks and respirators
Diaz, K. T., & Smaldone, G. C. (2010) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.06.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Tuberculosis Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Infection Control Recommendations for Dental Settings
Cleveland, J. L., Robison, V. A., & Panlilio, A. L. (2009) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0335 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Long-Duration Wearing of N95 Respirator and Surgical Facemask: A Pilot Study
Lee, H.-P. (2014) · Journal of Lung Pulmonary & Respiratory Research · doi:10.15406/jlprr.2014.01.00021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Tseng, C., Pan, Z.-M., & Chang, C.-H. (2016) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2016.1140895 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Novel H1N1 Influenza and Respiratory Protection for Health Care Workers
Shine, K. I., Rogers, B., & Goldfrank, L. R. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp0908437 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Si, X. A., Talaat, M., & Xi, J. (2021) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0040914 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Infrared imaging for leak detection of N95 filtering facepiece respirators: A pilot study
Roberge, R. J., Monaghan, W. D., Palmiero, A. J., Shaffer, R. E., & Bergman, M. S. (2011) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20970 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Risks from Ebolavirus Discharge from Hospitals to Sewer Workers
Haas, C. N., Rycroft, T., Bibby, K. J., & Casson, L. W. (2017) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.2175/106143017x14839994523181 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Does Wearing a Surgical Facemask or N95-Respirator Impair Radio Communication?
Thomas, F., Allen, C., Butts, W. J., Rhoades, C., Brandon, C., & Handrahan, D. L. (2011) · Air Medical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.amj.2010.12.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Collins, A. P., Service, B. C., Gupta, S., Mubarak, N., Zeini, I. M., Osbahr, D. C., & Romeo, A. A. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.12582 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hospital-Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections
Memish, Z. A., Al‐Tawfiq, J. A., & Assiri, A. M. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1311004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
How Should Rehabilitative Departments of Hospitals Prepare for Coronavirus Disease 2019?
Chang, M. C., & Park, D. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001428 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Namasivayam-MacDonald, A. M., & Riquelme, L. F. (2020) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00096 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Risk assessment for long- and short-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors
Poydenot, F., Abdourahamane, I., Caplain, E., Der, S., Haiech, J., Jallon, A., Khoutami, I., Loucif, A., Marinov, E., & Andreotti, B. (2022) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac223 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Selection of homemade mask materials for preventing transmission of COVID-19: A laboratory study
Wang, D., You, Y., Zhou, X., Zong, Z., Huang, H., Zhang, H., Yong, X., Cheng, Y., Liu, Y., Guo, Q., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240285 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fisher, E. M., Noti, J. D., Lindsley, W. G., Blachère, F. M., & Shaffer, R. E. (2014) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12185 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Baselga, M., Uranga-Murillo, I., de Miguel, D., Arias, M. A., Sebastián, V., Pardo, J., & Arruebo, M. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15144742 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Liverman, C. T., Ta, H., Meb, R., & Ki, S. (2009) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Surgical smoke and the anesthesia provider
Swerdlow, B. (2020) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-020-02775-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Coyle, J. P., Derk, R. C., Lindsley, W. G., Blachère, F. M., Boots, T. E., Lemons, A. R., Martin, S. B., Mead, K. R., Fotta, S. A., Reynolds, J. S., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13122536 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jeong, S. B., Ko, H. S., Seo, S., & Jung, J. H. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.153 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Jones, R. M., & Rempel, D. M. (2021) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxab008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wen, Z., Yu, L., Yang, W., Hu, L., Li, N., Wang, J., Li, J., Lu, J., Dong, X., Yin, Z., et al. (2012) · Aerobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10453-012-9286-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Nature and Hazards of Diathermy Plumes: A Review
Lindsey, C., Hutchinson, M., & Mellor, G. (2015) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2015.01.021 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Schmitt, J., & Wang, J. (2022) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.13127 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
How well do N95 respirators protect healthcare providers against aerosolized influenza virus?
Bischoff, W. E., Turner, J., Russell, G. B., Blevins, M. W., Missaiel, E., & Stehle, J. (2018) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2018.326 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lindsley, W. G., Beezhold, D. H., Coyle, J. P., Derk, R. C., Blachère, F. M., Boots, T. E., Reynolds, J. S., McKinney, W., Sinsel, E. W., & Noti, J. D. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2021.1939879 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Efficacy of facemasks in mitigating respiratory exposure to submicron aerosols
Sharma, A., Omidvarborna, H., & Kumar, P. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126783 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Schmitt, J., & Wang, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98895-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Face Masks Suitable for Preventing COVID-19 and Pollen Allergy. A study in the Exposure Chamber
Bergmann, K.-C., Kugler, S., Zuberbier, T., & Becker, S. (2021) · Allergo Journal International · doi:10.1007/s40629-021-00180-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Radonovich, L. J., Bessesen, M. T., Cummings, D. A. T., Eagan, A. E., Gaydos, C. A., Gibert, C. L., Gorse, G. J., Nyquist, A., Reich, N. G., Rodrigues-Barradas, M., et al. (2016) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1494-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Altobrando, A. D., Plaça, M. L., Neri, I., Piraccini, B. M., & Vincenzi, C. (2020) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.14528 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Disease and the Efficacy of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Locke, L., Dada, O. M., & Shedd, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002366 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Janssen, L., Ettinger, H. J., Graham, S., Shaffer, R. E., & Zhuang, Z. (2013) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.799964 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bhattacharjee, S., Bahl, P., Chughtai, A. A., Heslop, D. J., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2022) · Nano Select · doi:10.1002/nano.202200101 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Carr, M. M., Patel, V. A., Soo, J., Friend, S. A., & Lee, E. G. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820914275 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fluorescent Bioaerosol Particles Resulting from Human Occupancy with and Without Respirators
Xu, C., Wu, C., & Yao, M. (2017) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.09.0400 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Adapting to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in New York City
Escalon, M. X., & Herrera, J. E. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001451 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure
XIAO, L., Sakagami, H., & Miwa, N. (2020) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.11955 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Long, K. D., Woodburn, E. V., Berg, I. C., Chen, V., & Scott, W. S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240499 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Oberg, T., & Brosseau, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- ORCID
- Brosseau, Lisa M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Infection Control
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 276-282
- ISSN
- 0196-6553 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7115281
- OpenAlex
- W2051689964
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Infection Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (T42/OH008434, 1t42oh008434-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Keywords
- surgical masks, filtration efficiency, respiratory protection, particle penetration, dental masks, aerosol filtration, surgical site infection
- MeSH terms
- Equipment Failure, Female, Humans, Male, Masks, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S., Respiratory Protective Devices, United States, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Infection Control, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Equipment Failure Analysis, Particulate Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
