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Exosomes in cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy

Zhao, Yarong, Liu, Luotong, Sun, Rongze, Cui, Guilin, Guo, Shuyu, Han, Songren, Li, Ziwei, Bai, Tian, Teng, Lesheng·2022·Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
DOI 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.001PMC PMC9091780
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Graphical abstract Graphical abstract Exosomes mediate important cell communication in the process of tumor immunoediting. In the elimination phase, tumor-derived exosomes (TEs) activate the immune system, and immune cell-derived exosomes have a strong ability to inhibit tumors. The role of exosomes between the tumor and the immune system in the balance phase has not yet been studied. In the escape phase, TEs still have a significant role in the suppression of immune response cells, the activation of immunosuppressive cells and the promotion of the polarization of macrophages in the microenvironment. Different tumor immunotherapy strategies have been developed, such as cancer vaccines and various drug delivery vehicles. Although there are various obstacles to separation, purification and clinical application, as biologically derived nanovesicles, exosomes still have broad researched value and application prospects.
Graphical abstract Graphical abstract Exosomes mediate important cell communication in the process of tumor immunoediting. In the elimination phase, tumor-derived exosomes (TEs) activate the immune system, and immune cell-derived exosomes have a strong ability to inhibit tumors. The role of exosomes between the tumor and the immune system in the balance phase has not yet been studied. In the escape phase, TEs still have a significant role in the suppression of immune response cells, the activation of immunosuppressive cells and the promotion of the polarization of macrophages in the microenvironment. Different tumor immunotherapy strategies have been developed, such as cancer vaccines and various drug delivery vehicles. Although there are various obstacles to separation, purification and clinical application, as biologically derived nanovesicles, exosomes still have broad researched value and application prospects.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 1 The secretion mechanism and composition of exosomes. Exosomes originate from endosomes formed by cell membrane invagination. Early endosomes gradually develop into late endosomes containing multiple vesicles after material sorting and transportation. The small vesicles finally released to the outside through membrane fusion are exosomes. Small extracellular vesicles formed by plasma membrane budding may also be considered exosomes. Exosomes have a phospholipid bilayer and rich in tetraspanins, annexins, integrins, chaperones, lipids and nucleic acids.
Fig. 1 The secretion mechanism and composition of exosomes. Exosomes originate from endosomes formed by cell membrane invagination. Early endosomes gradually develop into late endosomes containing multiple vesicles after material sorting and transportation. The small vesicles finally released to the outside through membrane fusion are exosomes. Small extracellular vesicles formed by plasma membrane budding may also be considered exosomes. Exosomes have a phospholipid bilayer and rich in tetraspanins, annexins, integrins, chaperones, lipids and nucleic acids.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 The framework is used to explore relevant literature on exosomes and tumor immunity. Step 1: input keywords, search all in PubMed, and count the frequency of keywords. Our keywords are “exosome/small extracellular vesicle”, “tumor/cancer” and “tumor microenvironment”. After screened, 726 articles were obtained. Based on the biomedical network and MORM model to expand and search for related entities, finding relevant entities such as “macrophages”, “dendritic cells”, “mast cells”, “natural killer cells”, “myeloid-derived suppressor cells” and “cytotoxicity T lymphocytes”; Step 2: Fine-tune the named entity recognition model to search for the most relevant documents describing the relationship between keywords and entities. In the end, we obtained 358 target documents.
Fig. 2 The framework is used to explore relevant literature on exosomes and tumor immunity. Step 1: input keywords, search all in PubMed, and count the frequency of keywords. Our keywords are “exosome/small extracellular vesicle”, “tumor/cancer” and “tumor microenvironment”. After screened, 726 articles were obtained. Based on the biomedical network and MORM model to expand and search for related entities, finding relevant entities such as “macrophages”, “dendritic cells”, “mast cells”, “natural killer cells”, “myeloid-derived suppressor cells” and “cytotoxicity T lymphocytes”; Step 2: Fine-tune the named entity recognition model to search for the most relevant documents describing the relationship between keywords and entities. In the end, we obtained 358 target documents.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Zhao, Y., Liu, L., Sun, R., Cui, G., Guo, S., Han, S., Li, Z., Bai, T., & Teng, L.
Venue
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-03
Volume
17
Issue
2
Pages
193-205
ISSN
1818-0876
DOI
10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.001
PMC
PMC9091780
Cited by
39
References
2
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission (2019C050-4)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073784)
  • Jilin University

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exosomes in cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.001
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Zhao, Y., Liu, L., Sun, R., Cui, G., Guo, S., Han, S., Li, Z., Bai, T., & Teng, L. (2022). Exosomes in cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.001