Neighborhood Food Environments and Body Mass Index

Rose, Donald; Hutchinson, Paul L.; Bodor, J. Nicholas; Swalm, Chris M.; Farley, Thomas A.; Cohen, Deborah A.; Rice, Janet C.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.024

Cited by 148Obesity, Physical Activity, DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorFood Security and Health in Diverse Populations

Neighborhood Food Environments and Body Mass Index

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Rose, Donald, Hutchinson, Paul L., Bodor, J. Nicholas, Swalm, Chris M., Farley, Thomas A., Cohen, Deborah A., Rice, Janet C.·2009·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.024PMC PMC2945712

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Abstract

Background Most public health studies on the neighborhood food environment have focused on types of stores and their geographic placement, yet marketing research has long documented the influence of in-store shelf-space on consumer behavior.Purpose This paper combines these two strands of research to test whether the aggregate availability of specific foods in a neighborhood is associated with the BMIs of its residents.Methods Fielded from October 2004 to August 2005, this study combines mapping of retail food outlets, in-store surveys, and telephone interviews of residents from 103 randomly sampled urban census tracts in southeastern Louisiana. Linear shelf-space of fruits, vegetables, and energy-dense snack foods was measured in 307 food stores in the study tracts. Residential addresses, demographic information, and heights and weights were obtained from 1243 respondents through telephone interviews. Cumulative shelf-space of foods within defined distances of each respondent was calculated using observations from the in-store survey and probability-based assignments of shelf-space to all unobserved stores in the area.Results After controlling for sociodemographic variables, income, and car ownership, regression analysis, conducted in 2008, showed that cumulative shelf-space availability of energy-dense snack foods was positively, although modestly, associated with BMI. A 100-meter increase in shelf-space of these foods within 1 kilometer of a respondent's household was associated with an additional 0.1 BMI points. Fruit and vegetable shelf-space was not significantly related to BMI.Conclusions Interventions that seek to improve the neighborhood food environment may need to focus on more than just increasing access to healthy foods, because the results suggest that the availability of energy-dense snack foods plays a role in weight status.

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In 2 studies evaluating metabolic risk markers, after multivariable adjustment including race/ethnicity, neighborhood availability of healthier foods was not significantly associated with insulin resistance or adiposity.
“In 2 studies evaluating metabolic risk markers, after multivariable adjustment including for race/ethnicity, neighborhood availability of healthier foods was not significantly associated with insulin resistance or adiposity; greater shelf space for energy-dense snack foods was positively associated with BMI.317,318”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [318]
In 2 studies evaluating metabolic risk markers, greater shelf space for energy-dense snack foods was positively associated with BMI.
“In 2 studies evaluating metabolic risk markers, after multivariable adjustment including for race/ethnicity, neighborhood availability of healthier foods was not significantly associated with insulin resistance or adiposity; greater shelf space for energy-dense snack foods was positively associated with BMI.317,318”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [318]

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Authors: Rose, D., Hutchinson, P. L., Bodor, J. N., Swalm, C. M., Farley, T. A., Cohen, D. A., & Rice, J. C.
Affiliations: Tulane University (US)
RAND Corporation (US)
Corresponding author: Rose, Donald
ORCID: Rose, Donald
Hutchinson, Paul L.
Bodor, J. Nicholas
Farley, Thomas A.
Cohen, Deborah A.
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-09
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Pages: 214-219
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.024
PMC: PMC2945712
OpenAlex: W1943760092
Cited by: 147
References: 24
Citations by year: 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 14.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013749)
National Cancer Institute (R21CA121167)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Keywords: neighborhood food environment, body mass index, food store availability, fruit and vegetable availability, obesity, southeastern Louisiana
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Commerce, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Female, Food Supply, Humans, Louisiana, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Young Adult

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