Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City

Rundle, Andrew; Neckerman, Kathryn M.; Freeman, Lance; Lovasi, Gina S.; Purciel, Marnie; Quinn, James; Richards, Catherine; Sircar, Neelanjan; Weiss, Christopher

doi:10.1289/ehp.11590

Cited by 411Urban Transport and AccessibilityObesity, Physical Activity, DietUrban Green Space and Health

Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City

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Rundle, Andrew, Neckerman, Kathryn M., Freeman, Lance, Lovasi, Gina S., Purciel, Marnie, Quinn, James, Richards, Catherine, Sircar, Neelanjan +1 more·2009·Environmental Health Perspectives

DOI 10.1289/ehp.11590PMC PMC2661915

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Abstract

Background: Differences in the neighborhood food environment may contribute to disparities in obesity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of neighborhood food environments with body mass index (BMI) and obesity after control for neighborhood walkability. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of BMI and obesity among 13,102 adult residents of New York City. We constructed measures of the food environment and walkability for the neighborhood, defined as a half-mile buffer around the study subject’s home address. Results: Density of BMI-healthy food outlets (supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets, and natural food stores) was inversely associated with BMI. Mean adjusted BMI was similar in the first two quintiles of healthy food density (0 and 1.13 stores/km2, respectively), but declined across the three higher quintiles and was 0.80 units lower [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–1.32] in the fifth quintile (10.98 stores/km2) than in the first. The prevalence ratio for obesity comparing the fifth quintile of healthy food density with the lowest two quintiles combined was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.97). These associations remained after control for two neighborhood walkability measures, population density and land-use mix. The prevalence ratio for obesity for the fourth versus first quartile of population density was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.96) and for land-use mix was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.97). Increasing density of food outlets categorized as BMI-unhealthy was not significantly associated with BMI or obesity. Conclusions: Access to BMI-healthy food stores is associated with lower BMI and lower prevalence of obesity.

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Seven cross-sectional studies in adults and children found greater accessibility to neighborhood supermarkets was associated with lower prevalence of adiposity; 1 county-level ecological study did not.
“Seven cross-sectional studies in both adults and children found that greater accessibility to neighborhood supermarkets (presence, number, or distance) was associated with lower prevalence of adiposity290–297; 1 county-level (ecological) study did not.298”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [296]

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Neighbourhood food environments and body mass index among New York City adults
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Authors: Rundle, A., Neckerman, K. M., Freeman, L., Lovasi, G. S., Purciel, M., Quinn, J., Richards, C., Sircar, N., & Weiss, C.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Institute for Social and Economic Research (GB)
Urban Planning, Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation and
Corresponding author: Rundle, Andrew
ORCID: Rundle, Andrew
Neckerman, Kathryn M.
Freeman, Lance
Lovasi, Gina S.
Quinn, James
Richards, Catherine
Sircar, Neelanjan
Weiss, Christopher
Venue: Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2008-10-02
Volume: 117
Issue: 3
Pages: 442-447
ISSN: 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11590
PMC: PMC2661915
OpenAlex: W1974306396
Cited by: 411
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 37.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 3375 d)
Locations: Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01es014229-04)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01-ES014229, 5R01ES014229)
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
Keywords: neighborhood food environment, walkability, obesity, body mass index, food deserts, population density, mixed land use, food access disparities, New York City
MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment, Geography, Humans, New York City, Obesity, Urban Population, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Walking, Food, Organic

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Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City

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