Physiotherapy for Sleep Disturbance in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Eadie, Jennifer; van de Water, Alexander T.; Lonsdale, Chris; Tully, Mark A.; van Mechelen, Willem; Boreham, Colin A.; Daly, Leslie; McDonough, Suzanne M.; Hurley, Deirdre A.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.04.017

Cited by 83Sleep and related disordersMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationTemporomandibular Joint Disorders

Physiotherapy for Sleep Disturbance in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Eadie, Jennifer, van de Water, Alexander T., Lonsdale, Chris, Tully, Mark A., van Mechelen, Willem, Boreham, Colin A., Daly, Leslie, McDonough, Suzanne M. +1 more·2013·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.04.017

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Abstract

Objective To determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain (CLBP) (≥12wks).Design Randomized controlled trial with evaluations at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.Setting Outpatient physiotherapy department in an academic teaching hospital.Participants Participants with CLBP were randomly assigned to a walking program (n=20; mean age ± SD, 46.4±13.8y), supervised exercise class (n=20; mean age ± SD, 41.3±11.9y), or usual physiotherapy (n=20; mean age ± SD, 47.1±14.3y). The 3-month evaluation was completed by 44 participants (73%), and 42 (70%) participants completed the 6-month evaluation.Interventions Participants received a physiotherapy-delivered 8-week walking program, an 8-week group supervised exercise class (1 class/wk), or 1-to-1 usual physiotherapy (advice, manual therapy, and exercise).Main outcome measures Sleep was assessed by the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, and objective actigraphy.Results Groups were comparable at baseline. Most (95%, n=57) of the participants had sleep disturbance. The acceptability of actigraphy was excellent at baseline (58 of 60 participants), but dropped at 3 months (26 of 44 participants). There were improvements on the PSQI and ISI in all groups at 3 and 6 months, with predominantly medium effect sizes (Cohen d=0.2-0.5).Conclusions The high prevalence of sleep disturbance indicated the feasibility of good recruitment in future trials. The PSQI would be a suitable screening tool and outcome measure alongside an objective nonobtrusive sleep outcome measure. The effectiveness of physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in CLBP warrants investigation in a fully powered randomized controlled trial.

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Eadie et al. found medium size effects in all groups according to ISI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
“They found medium size effects in all groups according to ISI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.”
From Is sleep disturbance in patients with chronic pain affected by physical exercise or ACT-based stress management? - A randomized controlled study (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Eadie et al. randomized chronic low back pain patients with sleep disturbance (N=60) into three different forms of physiotherapy/exercise including an active control group.
“One exception is Eadie, et al. [11] who randomized chronic low back pain patients with sleep disturbance (N = 60) into three different forms of physiotherapy/exercise including an active control group.”
From Is sleep disturbance in patients with chronic pain affected by physical exercise or ACT-based stress management? - A randomized controlled study (2018) · cites this paper as [11]

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Disabling low back pain associated with night shift duration: sleep problems as a potentiator
Takahashi, M., Matsudaira, K., & Shimazu, A. (2015) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22493 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“For health care practices in the workplace, treating sleep problems or promoting sleep health can be a promising strategy to reduce the level of LBP and to protect against the new onset of LBP [Eadie et al., 2013; Finan et al., 2014].”
Background
Yoga, Physical Therapy, and Back Pain Education for Sleep Quality in Low-Income Racially Diverse Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Roseen, E. J., Gerlovin, H., Femia, A., Cho, J., Bertisch, S. M., Redline, S. S., Sherman, K. J., & Saper, R. B. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05329-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Relationship Between the Type and Amount of Physical Activity and Low Back Pain in Koreans Aged 50 Years and Older
Kim, W. D., Jin, Y., Lee, C. S., Hwang, C. J., Lee, S. Y., Chung, S. G., & Choi, K. H. (2014) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Heneweer et al [23] reported that a sedentary lifestyle was a risk factor for chronic LBP, and authors of recent studies report that walking has a positive effect on LBP [24,25].”
Background
Walking, Cycling, and Swimming for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Pocovi, N. C., de Campos, T. F., Christine Lin, C.-W., Merom, D., Tiedemann, A., & Hancock, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10612 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Integrated Meditation and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot of a Combined Nonpharmacological Intervention Focused on Reducing Disability and Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Polaski, A. M., Phelps, A. L., Smith, T. J., Helm, E. R., Morone, N. E., Szucs, K. A., Kostek, M. C., & Kolber, B. J. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa403 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Exploration of the Human Brain During 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Groote, S. D., Goudman, L., Peeters, R. R., Linderoth, B., Schuerbeek, P. V., Sunaert, S. G., Jaeger, M. D., Smedt, A. D., & Moens, M. (2019) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12954 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Previous work reported similar effects on the medial pain pathway in conventional SCS, which indicates that these findings for paresthesia-free stimulation cannot be exclusive for Burst SCS (6,7).”
Background
Assessing the impact of pain on the life of breast cancer survivors using the Brief Pain Inventory
Ferreira, V. T. K., Dibai‐Filho, A. V., de Oliveira, A. K., Gomes, C. A. F. D. P., Melo, E. S., & de Almeida, A. M. (2015) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.27.1361 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Improvement in sleep quality after total shoulder arthroplasty
Weinberg, M. E., Mollon, B., Kaplan, D. J., Zuckerman, J. D., & Strauss, E. J. (2019) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2019.1671142 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“83, a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of ≥ 3, and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete [28,30].”
Background
Abstracts of Low Back Pain Trials Are Poorly Reported, Contain Spin of Information, and Are Inconsistent With the Full Text: An Overview Study
Nascimento, D. P., Costa, L. O. P., Gonzalez, G. Z., Maher, C. G., & Moseley, A. M. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.03.024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of Adding Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises to Core Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Muscle Activity, Disability, and Sleep Quality in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
Masroor, S., Tanwar, T., Aldabbas, M. M., Iram, I., & Veqar, Z. (2023) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2023.07.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Prevalence Comparisons of Somatic and Psychiatric Symptoms Between Community Nonpatients Without Pain, Acute Pain Patients, and Chronic Pain Patients
Fishbain, D. A., Gao, J., Lewis, J. E., Bruns, D. L., Meyer, L., & Disorbio, J. M. (2014) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12527 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aerobic and resistance exercise improve patient-reported sleep quality and is associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers in Hispanic and non-Hispanic breast cancer survivors who are overweight or obese: results from a secondary analysis
Dieli-Conwright, C. M., Courneya, K. S., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Sami, N., Norris, M. K., Fox, F., Buchanan, T. A., SPICER, D. V., Bernstein, L., & Tripathy, D. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab111 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial investigating effects of an individualized pedometer driven walking program on chronic low back pain
Lang, A. E., Hendrick, P. A., Clay, L., Mondal, P. K., Trask, C., Bath, B. L., Penz, E. D., Stewart, S. A., Baxter, D. G., Hurley, D. A., et al. (2021) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04060-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Medication, exercise therapy, spinal manipulation, and cognitive behavior therapy are all examples of treatments with conflicting results for management of back pain [11, 12].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Pain Management for Nonspecific Chronic Spinal Pain
Malfliet, A., Baets, L. D., Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Maîresse, O., Cagnie, B. J., Meeus, M., Moens, M., Goubert, D., Munneke, W., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.25856 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of a sleep wearable headband among a community sample of chronic pain individuals: An at-home observational study
Zambelli, Z., Jakobsson, C. E., Threadgold, L., Fidalgo, A. R., Halstead, E. J., & Dimitriou, D. (2022) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076221097504 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“It is also common for sleep diary data to be collected alongside objective sleep data to monitor lifestyle factors which may interfere with the sleepwake cycle, although this was not within scope of our study.(32,33) Participants were asked to complete the sleep diaries for five days within the home study week and day…”
Method
Effect of acupuncture versus usual care on sleep quality in cancer survivors with chronic pain: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Yang, M., Baser, R. E., Liou, K. T., Li, S. Q., Piulson, L., Panageas, K. S., & Mao, J. J. J. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34766 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The effect of renal transplantation on quality of sleep in former dialysis patients
Brekke, F. B., Waldum-Grevbo, B. E., von der Lippe, N., & Os, I. (2016) · Transplant International · doi:10.1111/tri.12866 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“methods are available, but pragmatically, we have chosen a distribution-based method [34,35], which also has been used in other study populations [36,37].”
Method
Risk Factors for Low Back Pain and Spine Surgery
Kardouni, J. R., Shing, T. L., & Rhon, D. I. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbance Is Associated with New Onset and Continuation of Lower Back Pain: A Longitudinal Study among Survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sugawara, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Koide, M., Itaya, N., Yoshida, S., Sogi, Y., Yano, T., et al. (2018) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.246.9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aerobic Physical Exercise for Pain Intensity, Aerobic Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
García-Correa, H. R., Montoya, L. J. S., Daza-Arana, J. E., & Ordoñez‐Mora, L. T. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0806 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Proposing six criteria to improve reproducibility of “usual care” interventions in back pain trials: a systematic review
Pascoe, S. C., Spoonemore, S. L., Young, J. L., & Rhon, D. I. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.05.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Association Between Sleep Disturbance and Low Back Pain
Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sugawara, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Yoshida, S., & Tsuji, I. (2021) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004234 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the duration or frequency of sleep disturbance and LBP, and the effect of preceding sleep disturbance on the onset of LBP.”
BackgroundInfluential
The influence of High Dose Spinal Cord Stimulation on the descending pain modulatory system in patients with failed back surgery syndrome
Groote, S. D., Goudman, L., Peeters, R. R., Linderoth, B., Schuerbeek, P. V., Sunaert, S. G., Jaeger, M. D., Smedt, A. D., Andrés, J. A. D., & Moens, M. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102087 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a theory-driven group-based complex intervention versus usual physiotherapy to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain (SOLAS)
Hurley, D. A., Jeffares, I., Hall, A. M., Keogh, A., Toomey, E. C., McArdle, D., Lonsdale, C., Guérin, S., Guerin, S., Segurado, R., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04671-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This is a higher attendance rate than other RCTs of the 6-week group interventions for CLBP delivered in the Irish health service [32, 33], and comparable to the ESCAPE-knee pain intervention in the UK health service [15].”
ResultSelf-citation
Relationship, differences, and agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures in chronic spinal pain patients with comorbid insomnia: a cross-sectional study
Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Malfliet, A., Nijs, J., Meeus, M., Danneels, L. A., Ickmans, K., Cagnie, B. J., Goubert, D., Moens, M., et al. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002901 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Clinically Important Change in Insomnia Severity After Chronic Pain Rehabilitation
Wilson, K. G., Kowal, J., & Ferguson, E. J. (2016) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000325 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Outcomes With Individual Versus Group Physical Therapy for Treating Urinary Incontinence and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Robertson, B., & Harding, K. E. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Meta-analysis of outcomes for individual vs. group physical therapy for patients with urinary 554 incontinence 555 556 557 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED Abbreviations: LBP, low back pain; RCT, randomised controlled trials; PT, physical therapy; MSPQ, Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire Eadie et al 2013 Single blin…”
BackgroundInfluential
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish
Mikkonen, J., Leinonen, V., Luomajoki, H. A., Kaski, D. N., Kupari, S., Tarvainen, M. P., Selander, T. A., & Airaksinen, O. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10214887 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Previous studies have reported associations between various other pain–sleep questionnaires and actigraphy measurements among subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain [2,25,26]; however, the relationship between actigraphy measurements and the PSQ-3 has not yet been studied.”
Background
Effect Of Transforaminal Anterior Epidural Steroid Injection On Neuropathic Pain, Quality Of Sleep And Life
Sarı, S. (2015) · Ağrı - The Journal of The Turkish Society of Algology · doi:10.5505/agri.2015.91489 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sleep quality in patients with chronic low back pain
França, V. L., Koerich, M. H. A. D. L., & Nunes, G. S. (2015) · Fisioterapia em Movimento · doi:10.1590/0103-5150.028.004.ao17 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The effectiveness of different aerobic exercises to improve pain intensity and disability in chronic low back pain patients: a systematic review
Sany, S. A., Mitsi, M., Tanjim, T., & Rahman, M. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.75440.2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effectiveness of melatonin treatment for sleep disturbance in orthopaedic trauma patients: A prospective, randomized control trial
Tanner, N. J., Schultz, B. J., Calderón, C., Fithian, A. T., Segovia, N. A., Bishop, J. A., & Gardner, M. J. (2022) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2022.10.011 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effectiveness of craniosacral therapy, Bowen therapy, static touch and standard exercise program on sleep quality in fibromyalgia syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Ughreja, R. A., Venkatesan, P., Gopalakrishna, D. B., Singh, Y. P., & Vani Lakshmi, R. (2024) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance in patients attending specialized chronic pain clinics in Denmark: a longitudinal study examining the relationship between sleep and pain outcomes
Vægter, H. B., Høybye, M. T., Bergen, F. H., & Parsons, C. E. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0155 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Walking away from back pain: one step at a time – a community-based randomised controlled trial
Milosavljevic, S., Clay, L., Bath, B. L., Trask, C., Penz, E. D., Stewart, S. A., Hendrick, P. A., Baxter, D. G., Hurley, D. A., & McDonough, S. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1496-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Interestingly, although walking is recognised as a fundamental human activity, there is limited literature on its use as an intervention strategy for CLBP [14,17-21].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Relationship between Low Back Pain and Sleep Quality
Siengsukon, C. F. (2013) · Journal of Novel Physiotherapies · doi:10.4172/2165-7025.1000168 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“It is reported that 50 to 70 percent of people with chronic LBP have compromised sleep quality [15,27].”
Background
The interference of low back pain on everyday functions of life in care workers for persons with intellectual, autistic, and associated multiple disabilities: The Brief Pain Inventory short form (BPI-SF) survey
Lin, J., Lin, L.-P., Su, S.-F., Hsu, S., Chou, Y., Lin, F.-G., Loh, C., Wu, J.-L., & Chu, C. M.-Y. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.011 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sleep quality during pregnancy: the role of anxiety, fear of childbirth, and obstetric factors – a multicenter cross-sectional study
Banaei, M., Alizadeh, S., Roozbeh, N., Naz, M. S. G., Taghvaei, E., Parviz, L., & Ghasemi, V. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25142-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Predictors for physical activity and its change after active physical therapy in people with spinal pain and insomnia: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Maîresse, O., Nijs, J., Meeus, M., Ickmans, K., Cagnie, B. J., Goubert, D., Willaert, W., Pauw, R. D., et al. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2022.100456 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“One of the most common comorbidities in people with nCSP is insomnia, with prevalence rates exceeding 50%.(8,9) It is well known that physical activity has several physical and psychological health benefits.”
Background
Effects of sleep quality on pain, cognitive factors, central sensitization, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain
Moriki, K., Ogihara, H., Yoshikawa, K., Kikuchi, K., Endo, R., & Sato, T. (2023) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-220429 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Physical therapy for sleep disturbance is often recommended for patients with CLBP with no pharma-cotherapy responses [27,47,48].”
Insomnia in chronic non-specific low back pain
Lamkova, I. A., & Parfenov, V. A. (2021) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-62-67 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Улучшение сна на фоне разных видов физической активности указывает на положительное влияние кинезитерапии на нормализацию сна [5].”
Influential
Effects of Tai Chi on insomnia in elderly people with chronic non-specific low back pain: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Zhang, F., Zhang, B., Wang, X.-T., Huang, C., & Hu, B.-Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105359 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Insomnia and disrupted sleep negatively affect pain, functional ability, anxiety, depression, and the quality of life of patients with CLBP (Akodu and Akindutire, 2018; van de Water et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluential
Are physical therapy interventions effective in improving sleep in people with chronic pain? A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis
Calvo, S., González, C., Lapuente‐Hernández, D., Cuenca‐Zaldívar, J. N., Herrero, P., & Gil-Calvo, M. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Low‐energy differential target multiplexed SCS derivative reduces pain and improves quality of life through 12 months in patients with chronic back and/or leg pain
Peacock, J., Provenzano, D. A., Fishman, M. A., Amirdelfan, K., Bromberg, T. A., Schmidt, T., White, T., Grewal, P. K., Justiz, R., Calodney, A. K., et al. (2024) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13407 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Examining the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients seeking physical therapy services
Pfeiffer, A. M., Triplett, C., & Siengsukon, C. F. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2134754 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Two studies found PT interventions may have a positive impact on sleep quality in people with chronic low back pain (Eadie et al., 2013; Roseen et al., 2020).”
Background
Psychometric properties of the two-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-2) in a cohort of community-dwelling older men: the MrOS sleep study
Menezes-Júnior, L. (2026) · npj Biological Timing and Sleep · doi:10.1038/s44323-025-00069-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“All analyses were performed using Stata version 18, employing robust standard errors where appropriate, and were two-sided with signi ﬁ cance set at p < 0.05.”
Influential
Toward sleep health as a focus of physical therapy practice: one lecture can positively impact sleep knowledge and beliefs in entry-level students
Siengsukon, C. F., Glaser, A., & Nelson, E. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-05008-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The effectiveness of different aerobic exercises to improve pain intensity and disability in chronic low back pain patients: a systematic review
Sany, S. A., Mitsi, M., Tanjim, T., & Rahman, M. (2022) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.75440.1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The long wave of COVID-19: a case report using Imagery Rehearsal Therapy for COVID-19-related nightmares after admission to intensive care unit
Rapelli, G., Varallo, G., Scarpelli, S., Pietrabissa, G., Musetti, A., Plazzi, G., Franceschini, C., & Castelnuovo, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144087 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the total PSQI decreased from the baseline in both follow-ups, meeting the minimal clinically important difference of ≥3 as suggested by previous evidence (Hughes et al., 2009; Eadie et al., 2013; McDonnell et al., 2014; Weinberg et al., 2020).”
Background
Measures of sleep disturbance are not routinely captured in trials for chronic low back pain: a systematic scoping review of 282 trials
Neilson, B. D., Dickerson, C., Young, J. L., Shepherd, M. H., & Rhon, D. I. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10672 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Smartphone-based non-invasive biofeedback therapy for post-stroke sleep disorders: short report
Park, J., Jung, M., Ha, J., Park, J. J., & Im, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1601821 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of different modes of exercise on sleep quality in adults with chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial
Craige, E. A., Vincent, G. E., Belavý, D. L., Ford, J. J., Miller, C. T., Main, L. C., Hahne, A. J., Ferguson, S. A., & Owen, P. J. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106837 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effect of retro-walking on pain, functional disability, quality of life and sleep problems in patients with chronic low back pain
Ahmad, A., Aldabbas, M. M., Tanwar, T., Iram, I., & Veqar, Z. (2023) · Physiotherapy Quarterly · doi:10.5114/pq.2023.117448 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association Between Objective Sleep and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Low Back Pain Receiving Physical Therapy Care: A Secondary Analysis of a Responsiveness Study
Silva, S., Pinto, R. Z., Mendes, G., dos Santos, R. L. G. M., Grade, I., de Mello, M. T., Hayden, J. A., & Silva, A. (2024) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2024-0038 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Functional Independence Measure Gain in Post-acute Rehabilitation Ward Patients with Motor Disorders
Nakaguchi, T., ISHIMOTO, T., & Akazawa, N. (2018) · Rigakuryoho Kagaku · doi:10.1589/rika.33.235 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Importance of Pragmatic over Explanatory Randomised Controlled Trial in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Practice
Ogbeivor, C. (2020) · Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Open Access Journal · doi:10.32474/osmoaj.2020.04.000191 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“For example Eadie et al [19], in a pragmatic RCT that investigated exercise versus group biomechanical exercise in chronic low back patients using a one-hour session per week, which is what obtains in every day practice.”
Background
How much walking is enough for chronic low back pain? A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Núñez‐Cortés, R., Suso‐Martí, L., Salazar‐Méndez, J., López‐Bueno, R., Cruz‐Montecinos, C., Malhue-Orellana, T., Lang, M., Andersen, L. L., & Calatayud, J. (2026) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.70189 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Physical Therapists’ Role in Addressing Acute Insomnia: Could We Prevent Chronic Insomnia—and Chronic Pain?
Siengsukon, C. F. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab285 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effects of Adding Probiotic, Alone and in Combination With Zinc, to Routine Treatment on Recurrence of Hepatic Encephalopathy, Quality of Life, and Sleep Quality in Patients With Cirrhosis: An Open‐Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Amooyi, L., Alizadeh, L., Sarbakhsh, P., Shojaei‐Zarghani, S., & Gharekhani, A. (2024) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.4636 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…also found that eight patients in the LAC- PROB-Zn group (53.3%), two in the LAC-PROB group (13.3%), and none in the control group experienced a clinically significant improvement in sleep quality (PSQI total score reduction ≥ 3 (Eadie et al. 2013; Costandi et al. 2022)), compared to the baseline.”
Influential
Effectiveness of a specific physical therapy program for Charcot-Marie-Tooth on sleep quality, pain perception, and nocturnal cramps: a pilot study
Souza, C. C., Vallim, J. R. D. S., Neves, E. L. D. A., Nunes, P. S., Costa, I. M. P. D. F., Barreto, L. C. L. S., Garcez, C. A., & Araújo, A. A. D. S. (2022) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Although exercise can alter sleep architecture and improve daytime sleepiness 15,31,34 , we did not observe this effect.”
BackgroundResult
Psychometric properties of the two-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-2) in a cohort of community-dwelling older menPreprint
de Menezes-Júnior, L. A. A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526287/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the PSQI-2 demonstrated a reasonable ability to detect those who experienced a clinically meaningful change, de�ned as a > 3 point shift on the full PSQI [19, 20].”
Calidad del sueño en pacientes con lumbalgia crónica inespecífica
Castellano‐Tejedor, C., Costa‐Requena, G., Lusilla, P., Biedermann-Villagra, T., & Barnola-Serra, E. (2014) · Rehabilitación · doi:10.1016/j.rh.2014.05.003
Insomnia Symptoms in Chronic Pain : Clinical presentation, risk and treatment
Wiklund, T. (2021) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-175373
A comparison of usual care physiotherapy, a pedometer-based walking intervention and a combination of both to treat patients suffering from nociceptive or neuropathic chronic lower back pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Coghill, N. F., & Feher, R. (2021) · Pain
Physiotherapists: Sleep Health Promoters
Aldughmi, M., Frange, C., & Siengsukon, C. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38340-3_2
Pilot Study of Intensive Pain Rehabilitation, Sleep, and Small-World Brain Networks in Adolescents with Chronic Pain
Miller, S. N., Farag, S., Cobos, K. L., Long, X., Rasic, N. F., Rayner, L., Lebel, C. A., Noel, M. E., Walker, A. M., & Miller, J. V. (2024) · Anesthesia Research · doi:10.3390/anesthres1030018
“A randomized controlled trial found that 8 weeks of physiotherapy sessions for adults with chronic low back pain were associated with significant improvements in sleep quality and insomnia symptoms [32].”
Sleep posture analysis: state-of-the-art and opportunities of wearable technologies from clinical, sensing and intelligent perception perspectives
Elnaggar, O., Paoletti, P., Hopkinson, A., & Coenen, F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22206-1.00004-8
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PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A FEASIBILITY RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Hurley, D., Eadie, J., Tully, M. A., van Mechelen, W., Boreham, C., McDonough, S., Lonsdale, C., & Daly, L. A. (2012) · Orthopaedic Proceedings
Self-citation
Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Hurley, D. A., Eadie, J., O’Donoghue, G., Kelly, C., Lonsdale, C., Guérin, S., Tully, M. A., van Mechelen, W., McDonough, S., Boreham, C. A., et al. (2010) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-70 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sleep Disturbance among Chronic Low Back Patients: A Short Survey
Shivangi, & Goyal, M. (2024) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2024/75572.20075
Investigation of sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: An age- and gender-matched case-control study over a 7-night period
van de Water, A. T. M., Eadie, J., & Hurley, D. A. (2011) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2011.05.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Objective and subjective assessment of sleep in chronic low back pain patients compared with healthy age and gender matched controls: a pilot study
O’Donoghue, G., Fox, N. A., Heneghan, C., & Hurley, D. A. (2009) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-122 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Eadie, J., van de Water, A. T., Lonsdale, C., Tully, M. A., van Mechelen, W., Boreham, C. A., Daly, L., McDonough, S. M., & Hurley, D. A.
Affiliations: University College Dublin (IE)
Queen's University Belfast (GB)
University of Ulster (GB)
Corresponding author: Hurley, Deirdre A.
ORCID: Lonsdale, Chris
Tully, Mark A.
Boreham, Colin A.
Daly, Leslie
McDonough, Suzanne M.
Hurley, Deirdre A.
Venue: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-11
Volume: 94
Issue: 11
Pages: 2083-2092
ISSN: 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.04.017
OpenAlex: W2073121292
Cited by: 83
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 8.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Health Research Board (2007/16)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Keywords: chronic low back pain, sleep disorders, physiotherapy, walking program, actigraphy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, sleep quality, feasibility, recruitment (clinical trials), manual therapy
MeSH terms: Adult, Chronic Disease, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep Wake Disorders, Prevalence, Walking, Low Back Pain, Physical Therapy Modalities, Intention to Treat Analysis

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Physiotherapy for Sleep Disturbance in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

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