Calcium-sensing receptor antagonist (calcilytic) NPS 2143 specifically blocks the increased secretion of endogenous Aβ42 prompted by exogenous fibrillary or soluble Aβ25–35 in human cortical astrocytes and neurons—Therapeutic relevance to Alzheimer's disease
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The "amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis" posits that accumulating Aβ peptides (Aβs) produced by neurons cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the Aβs contribution by the more numerous astrocytes remains undetermined. Previously we showed that fibrillar (f)Aβ25-35, an Aβ42 proxy, evokes a surplus endogenous Aβ42 production/accumulation in cortical adult human astrocytes. Here, by using immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, enzymatic assays, and highly sensitive sandwich ELISA kits, we investigated the effects of fAβ25-35 and soluble (s)Aβ25-35 on Aβ42 and Aβ40 accumulation/secretion by human cortical astrocytes and HCN-1A neurons and, since the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) binds Aβs, their modulation by NPS 2143, a CaSR allosteric antagonist (calcilytic). The fAβ25-35-exposed astrocytes and surviving neurons produced, accumulated, and secreted increased amounts of Aβ42, while Aβ40 also accrued but its secretion was unchanged. Accordingly, secreted Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio values rose for astrocytes and neurons. While slightly enhancing Aβ40 secretion by fAβ25-35-treated astrocytes, NPS 2143 specifically suppressed the fAβ25-35-elicited surges of endogenous Aβ42 secretion by astrocytes and neurons. Therefore, NPS 2143 addition always kept Aβ42/Aβ40 values to baseline or lower levels. Mechanistically, NPS 2143 decreased total CaSR protein complement, transiently raised proteasomal chymotrypsin activity, and blocked excess NO production without affecting the ongoing increases in BACE1/β-secretase and γ-secretase activity in fAβ25-35-treated astrocytes. Compared to fAβ25-35, sAβ25-35 also stimulated Aβ42 secretion by astrocytes and neurons and NPS 2143 specifically and wholly suppressed this effect. Therefore, since NPS 2143 thwarts any Aβ/CaSR-induced surplus secretion of endogenous Aβ42 and hence further vicious cycles of Aβ self-induction/secretion/spreading, calcilytics might effectively prevent/stop the progression to full-blown AD.
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Interactions between Aβ42 oligomers and CaSR induce NO production/secretion and expression of NOS-2 and VEGF-A through MEK/ERK-dependent pathways, aggravating neuroinflammation.
“Moreover, interactions between Aβ42 oligomers and CaSR can also induce NO production/secretion, and expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor-A through activation of MEK/ERK-dependent pathways, thereby aggravating neuroinflammation [394, 402].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [402]
The CaSR inhibitor NPS2143 inhibits fibrillary Aβ25-35-induced Aβ42 production and inflammation/neurotoxicity.
“The CaSR inhibitor NPS2143 can inhibit fibrillary Aβ25–35-induced Aβ42 production and inflammation/neurotoxicity [402].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [402]
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Self-citationChiarini, A., Prà, I. D., Menapace, L., Pacchiana, R., Whitfield, J., & Armato, U. (2005) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.16.5.801 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Chiarini, A., Prà, I. D., Gottardo, R., Bortolotti, F., Whitfield, J. F., & Armato, U. (2004) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.20334 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Solution NMR Studies of Aβ Monomer Dynamics
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Araki, W., Kametani, F., Oda, A., et al. (2010) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, T., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., Huang, T. Y., Xu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases
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Calcium channelopathies and Alzheimer's disease: Insight into therapeutic success and failures
Chakroborty, S., & Stutzmann, G. E. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.012 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Astroglial Calcium Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease
Verkhratsky, A., Rodríguez-Arellano, J. J., Parpura, V., & Zorec, R. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.088 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Calcium-Sensing Receptors of Human Neural Cells Play Crucial Roles in Alzheimer's Disease
Chiarini, A., Armato, U., Liu, D., & Dal Prà, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00134 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Armato, U., Chiarini, A., Chakravarthy, B., Chioffi, F., Pacchiana, R., Colarusso, E., Whitfield, J. F., & Dal Prà, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- National Research Council Canada (CA)
- Ospedale Santa Chiara (IT)
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 1832
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1634-1652
- ISSN
- 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056312916
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NPARC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Italian Ministry for University and Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- calcilytics, calcium-sensing receptor, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta 42, Aβ40, astrocytes, neurons, amyloid-beta secretion, nitric oxide, BACE1, gamma-secretase, amyloid hypothesis, cortical astrocytes, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alzheimer Disease, Astrocytes, Biopterins, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Naphthalenes, Neurons, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
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