Cited by 287Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and CortisolVagus Nerve Stimulation Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Acute inflammation and negative mood: Mediation by cytokine activation

Wright, C.E., Strike, P.C., Brydon, L., Steptoe, A.·2005·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Abstract

Inflammatory diseases are commonly associated with depressed mood. This association may be influenced by the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, we assessed whether cytokine levels and mood (measured with the profile of mood states) could be altered by a mild, non-sickness inducing, acute inflammatory stimulus. Using a randomised placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 30 healthy male volunteers were injected with Salmonella typhi vaccine or placebo. Assessments of mood, symptoms of illness and temperature were made at baseline and at 1.5, 3, and 6 h post-injection. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assessed at baseline and 3 h post-injection. No significant symptoms of illness were reported in either group. Mood was more negative following injection in the vaccine than the placebo group, and the vaccine group experienced a 106% increase in IL-6 concentration. Negative changes in mood following injection were significantly correlated with increases in IL-6 production. No changes in TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra concentration were recorded in either group. It is concluded that S. typhi vaccination may be a useful model of mild inflammatory challenge, producing a significant transient cytokine-induced decrease in mood in the absence of any febrile response. Implications for depressed mood in physical illness are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.10.003

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Metadata

Authors
Wright, C. E., Strike, P. C., Brydon, L., & Steptoe, A.
Affiliations
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Wright, C.E.
  • Steptoe, A.
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-07
Volume
19
Issue
4
Pages
345-350
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2024917272
Cited by
287
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Keywords
acute inflammation, negative mood, depressive mood, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, TNF-α, disease symptoms, body temperature, mediation
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Adult, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Analysis of Variance, Depression, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Reference Values, Salmonella typhi, Sialoglycoproteins, Sick Role, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

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