Maternal socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with transcriptional indications of greater immune activation and slower tissue maturation in placental biopsies and newborn cord blood
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Children from economically disadvantaged families experience worse cognitive, psychiatric, and medical outcomes compared to more affluent youth. Preclinical models suggest some of the adverse influence of disadvantage could be transmitted during gestation via maternal immune activation, but this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. It also remains unclear whether prenatal interventions can mitigate such effects. To fill these gaps, we conducted two studies. Study 1 characterized the socioeconomic conditions of 79 women during pregnancy. At delivery, placenta biopsies and umbilical blood were collected for transcriptional profiling. Maternal disadvantage was associated with a transcriptional profile indicative of higher immune activation and slower fetal maturation, particularly in pathways related to brain, heart, and immune development. Cord blood cells of disadvantaged newborns also showed indications of immaturity, as reflected in down-regulation of pathways that coordinate myeloid cell development. These associations were independent of fetal sex, and characteristics of mothers (age, race, adiposity, diabetes, pre-eclampsia) and babies (delivery method, gestational age). Study 2 performed the same transcriptional analyses in specimens from 20 women participating in CenteringPregnancy, a group-based psychosocial intervention, and 20 women in traditional prenatal care. In both placenta biopsies and cord blood, women in CenteringPregnancy showed up-regulation of transcripts found in Study 1 to be most down-regulated in conjunction with disadvantage. Collectively, these results suggest socioeconomic disparities in placental biology are evident at birth, and provide clues about the mechanistic origins of health disparities. They also suggest the possibility that psychosocial interventions could have mitigating influences.
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At birth, placenta and cord blood from babies born to mothers of lower socioeconomic status exhibit a transcriptional profile of higher immune activation and delayed maturation, illustrating that the in utero response to stress results in molecular signaling changes.
“At birth, the placenta and cord blood from babies born to mothers of lower socioeconomic status, which has been associated with psychological stress, cortisol dysregulation, and poor environmental conditions, exhibit a transcriptional profile of higher immune activation and delayed maturation, illustrating that the in utero response to stress results in molecular signaling changes [114,115,116].”
From Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing Homeostasis and Fertility. (2017) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Miller, G. E., Borders, A. E., Crockett, A. H., Ross, K. M., Qadir, S., Keenan-Devlin, L., Leigh, A. K., Ham, P., Ma, J., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ernst, L. M., & Cole, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Endeavor Health (US)
- Prisma Health (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Gregory E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 276-284
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5493326
- OpenAlex
- W2605922280
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DA027827, HL122328)
- NorthShore University HealthSystem
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- maternal immune activation, placental transcriptome, myeloid cell development, CenteringPregnancy, health disparities, prenatal programming
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Placenta, Placentation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Socioeconomic Factors, Fetal Development, Transcriptome
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