Neurobiological effects of neonatal maternal separation and post-weaning environmental enrichment.
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Throughout the lifespan, the brain has a considerable degree of plasticity and can be strongly influenced by sensory input from the outside environment. Given the importance of the environment in the regulation of the brain structure, behavior and physiology, the aim of the present work was to analyze the effects of different environmental qualities during two critical ontogenic periods (early life and peripuberty) on behavior and hippocampal physiology. Male Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 4.5h daily during the first 3 weeks of life. They were weaned on day 21 and housed under either standard or enriched conditions. At 60 d of age, all animals were then housed in same-treatment groups, two per cage, until testing began on day 74. Emotional and cognitive responses were tested using the open field, novel object recognition test and step-down inhibitory avoidance learning. In the dorsal hippocampus, glucocorticoid receptor expression and neuronal activity were examined by immunoreactivity. Grooming behavior in the open field was found to be significantly lower in maternally separated animals, but post-weaning environmental enrichment completely reversed this tendency. Inhibitory avoidance but not object recognition memory was impaired in maternally separated animals, suggesting that early maternal separation alters learning and memory in a task-specific manner. Again, environmental enrichment reversed the effects of maternal separation on the inhibitory avoida…
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Environmental enrichment has been shown to successfully reverse several ELS-induced impairments in behavior, including learning and memory, anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and attention.
“Environmental enrichment has been shown to successfully reverse several ELS-induced impairments in behavior, including learning and memory, anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and attention (Francis et al., 2002; Cui et al., 2006; Vivinetto et al., 2013; Zubedat et al., 2015; Koe et al., 2016).”
From Effects of Maternal Deprivation and Complex Housing on Rat Social Behavior in Adolescence and Adulthood (2018) · cites this paper as Vivinetto et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Vivinetto, A. L., Suárez, M. M., & Rivarola, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Rivarola, María Angélica
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 240
- Pages
- 110-118
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046457031
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT-PICT 1456)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- maternal separation, hippocampus, glucocorticoid receptor, Fos expression, passive avoidance, object recognition memory, grooming, CA1, early life experience, neuroplasticity, differential rearing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Avoidance Learning, Behavior, Animal, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Grooming, Hippocampus, Immunohistochemistry, Locomotion, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Memory, Neuronal Plasticity, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Weaning, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Wistar, Dentate Gyrus, Recognition, Psychology, Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic, Rats, CA1 Region, Hippocampal, CA3 Region, Hippocampal
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