Peripubertal environmental enrichment reverses the effects of maternal care on hippocampal development and glutamate receptor subunit expression
Abstract
Maternal care in the rat influences the development of cognitive function in the offspring through neural systems known to mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The offspring of mothers that exhibit increased levels of pup licking/grooming (high-LG mothers) show increased hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subunit mRNA expression, enhanced synaptogenesis and improved hippocampal-dependent spatial learning in comparison with animals reared by low-LG mothers. The effects of reduced maternal care on cognitive function are reversed with peripubertal environmental enrichment; however, the neural mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. In these studies we exposed the offspring of high- and low-LG mothers to environmental enrichment from days 22 to 70 of life, and measured the expression of genes encoding for glutamate receptor subunits and synaptophysin expression as a measure of synaptic density. Environmental enrichment reversed the effects of maternal care on synaptic density and this effect was, in turn, associated with a reversal of the effect of maternal care on the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor, as well as effects on (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits. Finally, direct infusion of an NR2B-specific NMDA receptor antagonist into the hippocampus eliminated the effects of maternal care on spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze. These findings suggest that: (1) the effects of maternal care are mediated by changes in NR2B gene expression; and (2) that environmental enrichment reverses the effects of reduced maternal care through the same genomic target, the NR2B gene, and possibly effects on other subunits of the NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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The neural plasticity associated with adolescent development makes this a period of renewal and remediation capable of reprogramming the effects of earlier life in ways consistent with current experience.
“There is also evidence suggesting that the neural plasticity associated with adolescent development makes this a period of renewal and remediation (e.g., Bredy et al., 2004) capable of reprogramming the effects of earlier life in ways consistent with current experience.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Bredy et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Bredy, T. W., Zhang, T. Y., Grant, R. J., Diorio, J., & Meaney, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Meaney, Michael J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1355-1362
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2136757585
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- maternal care, environmental enrichment, hippocampus, NMDA receptor, NR2B subunit, AMPA receptors, glutamate receptor subunits, synaptophysin, synaptic density, spatial learning and memory, peripubertal period, synaptic plasticity, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Environment, Female, Hippocampus, Male, Maternal Behavior, Receptors, Glutamate, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Maze Learning, Rats, Long-Evans, Protein Subunits, Rats
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