Cited by 270Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerNatural Antidiabetic Agents StudiesDiabetes Treatment and Management

Acetic Acid Activates Hepatic AMPK and Reduces Hyperglycemia in Diabetic KK-A (y) Mice

Sakakibara, Shoji, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Oshima, Yoshifumi, Tsukamoto, Yoshinori, Kadowaki, Takashi·2006·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

Abstract

Acetic acid (AcOH), which is a short-chain fatty acid, is reported to have some beneficial effects on metabolism. To test the hypothesis that feeding of AcOH exerts beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes, we fed either a standard diet or one containing 0.3% AcOH to KK-A(y) mice for 8 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were lower in mice fed AcOH for 8 weeks than in control mice. AcOH also reduced the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, which is in part regulated by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver. Finally, sodium acetate, in the form of neutralized AcOH, directly activated AMPK and lowered the expression of genes such as for glucose-6-phosphatase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in rat hepatocytes. These results indicate that the hypoglycemic effect of AcOH might be due to activation of AMPK in the liver.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.176

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  • Clinical studies demonstrated that apple vinegar regulates gene expression via the MAPK pathway.

    “Clinical studies demonstrated that apple vinegar regulates gene expression via the Mitogrn-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway [17,18,19]”
  • Acetic acid acts via MAPK pathway, activated through a cascade of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proteins which induces inhibition of gene expression.

    “These beneficial effects have been attributed to acetic acid which acts via MAPK pathway (Figure 1). It is activated through a cascade of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of proteins which induces inhibition of gene expression [18].”
  • Reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase, PEPCK, and SERBP-1 decreases blood glucose levels, stimulates glucose storage, ameliorates insulin sensitivity, and decreases insulinoresistance.

    “Subsequently, reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase, reduction of Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and reduction of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1 (SERBP-1) which decrease blood glucose levels, stimulation of glucose storage, amelioration of insulin sensitivity, and decreases insulinoresistance (Figure 1) [18].”
  • Acetic acid is the main acid of vinegar that can ameliorate metabolic disorders and disease markers.

    “The aforementioned features revealed that acetic acid is the main acid of vinegar that can ameliorate metabolic disorders and ameliorate disease markers [16,18,22,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71].”
  • Activation of AMPK inhibits anabolic pathways through suppression of SERBP-1c.

    “The activation of AMPK inhibits anabolic pathways through suppression of SERBP-1c (Figure 1) [18,19,94].”

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Authors
Sakakibara, S., Yamauchi, T., Oshima, Y., Tsukamoto, Y., & Kadowaki, T.
Affiliations
  • Mizkan Group (Japan) (JP)
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
Kadowaki, Takashi
Venue
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-06
Volume
344
Issue
2
Pages
597-604
ISSN
0006-291X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2100797163
Cited by
263
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
acetic acid, short-chain fatty acids, AMPK activation, hepatic glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, glucose homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, glucose-6-phosphatase, SREBP1, sodium acetate, KK-Ay mice, hepatocytes
MeSH terms
Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Enzyme Activation, Hyperglycemia, Liver, Male, Multienzyme Complexes, Treatment Outcome, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acetic Acid, Mice, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases

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